Isigaba Amakhowe

Ama-mushroom e-Oyster asekujatshulelwe isikhathi eside yibo bonke abahambisana nemithetho yokudla okunomsoco. Lawa amakhowe aphansi-khalori futhi aqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo. Ngakho-ke, namhlanje sizoxoxa ngezici zabo ezihlukile, yiziphi izinhlobo, lapho zikhula nokuthi zingasetshenziswa kanjani. I-Oyster mushroom oak I-Pleurotus dryinus Izilinganiso: eyomile, i-pleurotus, i-mushroom yama-oak.

Umhlabathi owomhlaba yi-mushroom, iningi labo abathanda ukuzilibazisa ngaphandle. Ngokuvamile lezi zinyama azibonakali, ngoba ikhanda layo elibomvu elimnyama lifihle ngokuphelele le fungus emehlweni. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, itholakala yonke indawo, evezwe ukunambitheka okubucayi kanye nephunga elimnandi. Yingakho, namuhla sanquma ukungenisa ngokuningiliziwe bonke abathandi bokuzingela okuthulile nalesi sihlala esihlala emahlathini ethu e-coniferous, kanye nokuthola izici zayo eziyinhloko.

Abaqoqi abaningi be-mushroom bathanda ukuqoqa amakhowe ngenxa yokukhula kweqembu. Lezi amakhowe zinomsoco, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa cishe noma yimiphi imibono yezolimo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamanga ezinjenge-honey agarics, ezingase ziphelelwe ngengozi ebhasikisini lomqoqo we-mushroom bese zidala inhlekelele, okuthiwa ubuthi obuyingozi.

Ukuqala kwekwindla - ukuphakama kokuvuna kwamakhowe. Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke umuntu othanda lo mkhiqizo ugijimela emahlathini ukuze aqoqe ibhasikidi eligcwele lamakhowe futhi alungiselele ebusika. Futhi lapha kuqala izinkinga zokuqala ezihlobene nendlela yokuhlukanisa i-mushroom edaywayo kusuka kumakhowa angenakudliwa - ukuze ungaphutha, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane ezibukekayo nokuthi yikuphi isikhathi sokuvuna.

Umndeni we-mushroom ukhulu kakhulu, kodwa kukhona abameleli abasaziwa kancane esifundeni sethu. Enye yalezi zibhekwa njenge-mushroom yamakhowe, okuhluke kakhulu kwezihlobo zayo eziningi, njengoba ibukeka njengezinwele zezimvu. Cabangela ukuthi ungubani nokuthi yiziphi izimfanelo eziwusizo ezinikezwe.

Esifundeni ngasinye, kukhona amakhowe adle futhi anobuthi, okumele aziwe kubo ababili abaqoqiwe be-mushroom nabaqalayo. Cabanga ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhowe ezidliwayo nezingenakudliwa yiBashkortostan, sinikeza incazelo ephelele, futhi sitshele mayelana nokusetshenziswa kokupheka. Amakhowe adliwayo Cabanga ngezici kanye nencazelo yazo zonke izinhlobo zamakhowe ezidliwayo ezingatholakala eBashkiria.

Ehlathini nasezindaweni ezise-steppe, ngezinye izikhathi ungathola amakhowe ajwayelekile, futhi ahluke ngobukhulu obukhulu. Они растут на мёртвой древесине или возле экскрементов животных. Сегодня мы рассмотрим представителей ныне расформированного семейства навозниковых: как они выглядят, где встречаются, и можно ли их употреблять в пищу.

Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esifudumele nesimnandi, isifunda saseKaliningrad sinemifino nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, ezihlukahlukene. Kunezintaba ezinhle, amahlathi, ama-steppes, ama-reserve, kunezilwane ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe zikhula. Kodwa-ke, lapho uqoqa amakhowe, okuthiwa "ukuzingela okuthulile", udinga ukunakekelwa ngokukhethekile, ngoba isimo sezulu asijabuli nje kuphela izinhlobo ezidliwayo, kodwa futhi lezo ezingavumelekile neze ukudla.

I-value i-mushroom eyaziwa abantu isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kungenziwa kuphekwe ngezindlela ezehlukene, kodwa kuhle kakhulu ngohlobo lwakasawoti. Ukuze uhlangane futhi wenze amalungiselelo ebusika ngaphandle kokulimaza emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukwazi izici ezibonakalayo zokubukeka kwe-valueya, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza kahle. Ukwethembeka Ukubaluleka kubhekisela kuma-mushroom adingekayo ngokomzimba.

I-Cordyceps ibizwa ngoluhlu lwezinto zokwelapha ezimangalisayo. Imithi yasendulo yaseMpumalanga iye yakwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamafungus okuphulukisa okujwayelekile amakhulu eminyaka. Kuyini, lapho ikhula khona, kulokho okusizayo, futhi kuboniswa kubani, uzothola izimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Ungase umangale, kodwa ubuciko bokuqoqa amakhowe yisayensi yangempela. Kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukwazi lapho futhi kungenzeka khona ukuqoqa, kodwa futhi ukwazi ukuhlukanisa amakhowe ezidliwayo ezingenakutholakala futhi ezinobuthi, njengoba abagcina bakwazi ukuzifihla kahle kakhulu. Ukungazi kahle izinto ezisisekelo ze-mushroom mastery kungashintsha.

I-bitch enyantombazane ikude ne-mushroom engavamile, kodwa ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuvuthayo kubangela ukuqonda okuphindwe kabili kuma-pickers we-mushroom. Ama-gourmets aseNtshonalanga ayibheka ukuthi ayinakulinganiswa futhi, ngokusho kwezincwadi ezithile, ngisho nangobuthi. Futhi eRussia naseBelarus, i-trophy ehlathini elinjalo iqoqwe ama-pickle. Iyini le fungus, lapho ikhula khona nokuthi yiziphi izibonakaliso ezinamandla ezibonisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso zokudla - sizozitshela ngakho kamuva.

Amakhowe aseDunka, noma njengoba asaziwa - izingulube, zivame kakhulu emahlathini ethu. Le fungus isetshenziselwa ukubhekwa njengokwesidlo, kepha namuhla ihlukaniswa njengobuthi. Iyini ingozi nokuthi ingadliwa empeleni, funda ngalokhu neminye imininingwane ebalulekile ngezansi. Elinye igama Igama elivame kakhulu yizingulube, kodwa ungase uzwe ukuhluka okufana nengulube noma ingulube.

Amakhowe ayizinto eziwusizo eziqukethe amavithamini amaningi, ama-microelements nama-amino acids abalulekile. Esigodini saseVoronezh, esisezindaweni zehlathi, ungathola izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-500 zama-mushroom ahlukahlukene. Kodwa, enolwazi olwanele, kulula ukwenza iphutha futhi liphazamise isampula "esibi," kunokuba kubangele umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni.

AmaRashiya, futhi hhayi nje kuphela, bathanda ukudla ama-mushroom izitsha. Ephakathi kweRussia kunemibandela yalokhu, okunye okuzokwazi ukuhlukanisa amakhowe adlekayo angakabikho. Ngenxa yalokhu kufanelekile ukubazi kangcono. Amakhowe adlayo Ephakathi kweRussia imali enkulu. Izici zezici ezithandwa kakhulu kuzo zihanjiswe lapha ngezansi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abaqoqi be-mushroom bazi "amakhowa" abo abavamile esifundeni sokuhlala kwabo. Lokhu kudingekile ukuze kungenjalo ukuletha ucwaningo olungenakulinganiswa noma olunobuthi oluvela "ekuzingeleni okuthulile," futhi futhi ukuba ungachithi isikhathi sokuqoqa abameleli bombuso we-mushroom ngokuthanda okuncane.

Ukuphakama kwe-lilovoguyu, noma i-chenenozhka, kungokwama-genus ryadovok futhi, naphezu kombala othize okwesabisa abanye abaqoqi be-mushroom, kufanele bathole abawuthandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingenye yalawo amakhowe angavamile, inkathi ekhulayo kanye nokuqoqwa okungaqhubeka ngisho nangesikhathi sokuqala kwama-frosts. Lokhu kwenza ukwandise inkathi yama-mushroom futhi uthole injabulo eyengeziwe ekuzingeleni ngokuthula.

I-mushroom ebiza kakhulu, "idayimane elimnyama" - yilokho abakushoyo nge-truffles. Akuwona wonke amakhowe ozwa lokho. Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kokuthi kubiza kakhulu, asazi lutho ngalawa amakhowe. Ngakho-ke yini ekhethekile, ngaphandle kwezindleko, ngaleyo ndlela, ekuboneni kokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nondescript? Ake sithole ngalokhu kusuka kusihloko.

Mayelana nenkazimulo yama-mushroom Isifunda saseMoscow sesizwile konke. Kodwa yiziphi izitshalo ezikhula kahle emahlathini azungezile, nini futhi kanjani ukuziqoqa kahle - abantu abambalwa abazi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umkhankaso wamakhowe uyingxenye yomoya omusha, okuhambisana nomzwelo wobunye nemvelo, abantu abaningi abangenayo emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Thola ukuthi iziphi zehlathi zikulungele ukwabelana ngalesi sifunda.

Ikhanda elikhalayo - i-mushroom yesicabucabu. Ngisho nabaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi ngezinye izikhathi bangamnaki lo mmeli wombuso wama-mushroom, futhi akusize neze. Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okuhle, i-mushroom ibhekwa njengento enhle kakhulu. Futhi awukwazi ukuhlangana naye hhayi emahlathini kuphela, kodwa nasezindaweni zezintaba. Elinye igama yi-cap annulate, aka Rozites caperata.