I-mushroom ebiza kakhulu, "idayimane elimnyama" - yilokho abakushoyo nge-truffles. Akuwona wonke amakhowe ozwa lokho. Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kokuthi kubiza kakhulu, asazi lutho ngalawa amakhowe. Ngakho-ke yini ekhethekile, ngaphandle kwezindleko, ngaleyo ndlela, ekuboneni kokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nondescript? Ake sithole ngalokhu kusuka kusihloko.
Kuyini ukubukeka kwe-truffle
Ama-truffles ayingxenye yamakhowe ama-marsupial. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpikiswano zabo zikhona emzimbeni we-fungus uqobo.
I-dessert iyanda ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukuze ukhule ngokujwayelekile, udinga ukungenelela ngomuthi. I-Mycelium ivula uhlelo lwempande lomuthi, ngakho luthatha izinto eziwusizo ezisemhlabathini kangcono.
I-truffle ayinayo umlenze ocacile nekhanda, umzimba wayo unesifo sofuba. Ngokubukeka, kuyinto efana namazambane. Ngosayizi, lezi zibiliboco zombili zincane (ubukhulu be nut) futhi zikhulu (ubukhulu be-orange). Izindwangu zesisindo kusuka kumagremu ambalwa kuya kilogram (kodwa lezi zinqamuzana zingavamile kakhulu). 
I-peel, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, ingaba mnyama noma ilula (truffles amhlophe). I-pulp ibuye ihluke ngombala kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa kuwo wonke amakhowe esigabeni ifana nephethini lemabula. Sebenzisa lo mkhiqizo ungaba yinto eluhlaza.
Izinhlobo ze-truffles
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zaleli mushroom, kodwa sizocabangela okuvame kakhulu.
Ihlobo elimnyama
Ihlobo elimnyama, naye uRussia omnyama, ukhula emahlathini amancane noma ahlanganisiwe ngaphansi kwezimpande ze-oki, i-beech noma i-birch. Ikhetha umhlaba ngomlotha. Isakazwa e-Europe Ephakathi, itholakala ogwini lwaseCaucasus. Isikhathi salolu amakhowe yihlobo nekwindla yokuqala. 
Umzimba omnyama wezithelo zasehlobo une-tuber enjenge-tuber efana neyodwa, enesibluki noma enobundu (eduze kobumnyama) ne-warts emnyama. Ububanzi bufinyelela ku-10 cm.
Inyama ye-fungus encane iminyene kakhulu, indala iyinhloko, ilula kakhulu. Umbala we-pulp uphinde uguquke ngobudala kusukela ekukhanyeni kuya kufinyeleleke. Iyakuthandeka ngokunethezeka kwe-nutty. Iphunga lifana nephunga le-algae. Ihlobo elimnyama lilinganiselwa ngaphansi kwezihlobo zalo, nakuba liyisidlo.
Kuwusizo ukufunda ukuthi ungabheka kanjani amakhowe ukuze uqiniseke ngezindlela ezithandwayo.
Ubusika obumnyama
I-truffle yasebusika ingaqoqwa kusukela ekupheleni kwekwephuzile kuya kuMashi. Ikhula e-Italy, eSwitzerland, eNtshonalanga Ukraine nasezindaweni ezizintaba zaseCrimea.
I-mushroom inomumo oyindilinga kuze kube ngu-20 cm ububanzi. Isisindo somkhophi omdala singafinyelela kilogram futhi ngisho nangaphezulu. 
Ngaphandle ligcwele ama-warts amaningi. Inyama ene-streaks ephuzi ifana ne-marble pattern. Ekuqaleni kukhanya, kodwa ekugcineni kuguga noma kuthatha imfucu ephuzi.
It has a smoky ovuthayo oqinile. Akulinganisi kakhulu njengabanye abahlobo "abamnyama".
I-Black Perigord (isiFulentshi)
I-Perigord i-truffle yayinegama layo kusukela esifundeni somlando sasePérigord eFrance. Kodwa itholakala nase-Italy (Umbria), eSpain naseCroatia. Isikhathi sokuvuna sisukela ngoNovemba kuya ku-Mashi.
Umzimba wesithelo se-tuberous u-9 cm ububanzi. Umbala we-specimen encane unombala obomvu, omdala unomnyama. Umbala wepulp ungoboya obuhlaza noma obomvu ngaphezu kwesikhathi, kusukela ekubukeni kwezinhlamvu kuba mnyama omnyama noma omnyama, kodwa izitshalo ezikhanyayo zihlala. 
Isiphetho sibaba, futhi iphunga likhumbuza omunye ushokoledi, kanti omunye umuntu - utshwala obubi kakhulu.
Black himalayan
Leli howa libizwa igama layo kusuka ensimini lapho ikhula khona. I-Himalayan truffle iyinhlobonhlobo yobusika obumnyama. Isikhathi se-fruiting sisuka maphakathi noNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari.
I-mushroom ngokwayo iyingcosana, ububanzi buyi-5 cm kuphela. Isisindo sayo asikho ngaphezu kuka-50 g. 
I-rind ibumnyama ngokukhula okuncane. Inyama iyinkimbinkimbi ebomvu, emnyama. AmaRoma aneziqu ezibizwa ngamahlathi.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde amakhowe adle futhi anobuthi akhule ezindaweni zaseLeningrad, Volgograd, Kaliningrad naseCrimea.
I-Piedmont yase-White (isi-Italian)
Kuvame kakhulu esifundeni sase-Italy sasePiedmont nasezindaweni zaseFrance ukuthi umngcele ube. Ngokuvame ukukhula emahlathini amancane ngaphansi kwe-oak, i-willow, i-poplar, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi kwe-linden. Isikhathi sokuqoqa sisuka eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaSeptember kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJanuwari.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zilinganiselwa ku-12 cm. Isisindo - kufika ku-300 g, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile kunezibonelo futhi kufika ku-1 kg ngesisindo. Ubuso bubukeka kahle, buhlaza noma buhlaza. 
Inyama iyanwebeka, ingaba mhlophe noma iphuzi eliphuzi. I-streaks eyenza iphethini ye-marble ilula noma i-brown brown.
Iphunga lama-truffles amhlophe lihlanganisa iphunga le-ushizi negalikhi.
Uyazi? Amaphesenti angu-50 kuwo wonke ama-truffle adliwe emhlabeni ahlanganisa amaFulentshi.
Oregon omhlophe (waseMelika)
Lolu hlobo lwe-truffle lungatholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States. Ikhula kancane emhlabathini eduze kwama-conifers. Ukuqoqa kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuJanuwari.
Izithelo zomzimba zilinganiselwa ku-7 cm. Isisindo singafinyelela ku-250 g. 
Iphunga lezinhlobonhlobo zehlathi linamanothi e-herbal and flower.
Olubomvu
Leli amakhowe likhula kulo lonke elaseYurophu nasentshonalanga yeRussia (eya e-Urals). Ukukhetha umhlabathi eduze kwezihlahla ze-coniferous noma i-oki. Izithelo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ku-Agasti.
I-tuber ububanzi kuze kufike ku-4 cm. Isisindo asivamile neze ngaphezu kwe-80 g.
I-mushroom ibomvu obomvu ngombala. Inyama iminyene kakhulu, i-pink noma i-beige engcolile. 
Iphunga eliqukethe amanothi utshani, iwayini nekhukhunathi.
Ubomvu obomvu
I-Red Brilliant "umfowethu" we-truffles obomvu. Itholakala emahlathini aseYurophu naseRussia, kaningi ngaphansi kwe-oki.
Izakhamuzi zasemhlabeni ngokwazo zincane kakhulu - azidluli u-4 cm ububanzi. Isisindo singaba ngu-45 g.
Isikhumba singumgqomo noma sibomvu. Inyama iyisiqhwa noma imbala enemifino emhlophe. 
Iphunga lale khophi linamakhadi we-i-pear anephunga elimhlophe le-kakhukhunathi.
Kubalulekile! I-truffle ye-Deer yiyona kuphela engabonakaliyo kuwo wonke amalungu e-genus.
I-autumn (i-Burgundy)
Lezi zinhlobo, njengabanye abaningi, zinegama layo kusuka endaweni yokukhula (i-Burgundy). Isikhathi sawo sokuvuthwa sisukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba.
I-mushroom ine-shape eyindilinga, engadluli u-8 cm ububanzi. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-300 g. 
Njengoba uhlobo lwe-fungus emnyama, i-autumn yaseBourgundy inesikhumba esimnyama, esicishe sibe mnyama. Inyama ibomvu elikhanyayo ne-streaks elula.
I-truffle yase-autumn inomsizi we-hazelnut ne-tshokoledi, okubaluleka ngayo ama-gourmets.
IsiShayina (sase-Asia)
Lolu hlobo lwe-truffle lukhula eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina. Ukukhetha ukuhlangana ngokune-oki, amaconsi kanye nephayini. Inkathi yokukhula kwayo - kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuFebhuwari.
I-tuber ububanzi kuze kufike ku-10 cm. Isisindo singafinyelela ku-500 g. Inyama yesikhumba, umbala omnyama enezinsipho ezimhlophe. 
Iphunga elibizwa kuphela kumakhowe avuthiwe. Kukhona amacala lapho i-truffle ivuliwe ngokuhle ukuze ihlinzekele i-Perigord.
Kuphi futhi kukhula kanjani
Ama-truffles abahlali bomhlaba. Ziyakhula ngaphansi komhlabathi ezimpandeni zemithi. Inhlobo ngayinye ikhetha indawo ethile kanye nezihlahla.
I-geography yokukhula kwalawa amakhowe ahluke kakhulu. Zitholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, emagumbini afudumele eRussia, enyakatho ye-Afrika nasentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika.
Abaningi bathanda imithi ye-broadleaf - i-oki, i-birch, i-beech, i-poplar, i-elm, i-linden. Abanye bakhula ngaphansi komsedari noma ipineyini.
Umuntu ohlala ngaphansi komhlaba uthanda isimo sezulu esivuthayo, esibucayi, ngakho-ke lapho sifunda khona singatholakala emahlathini eNtshonalanga Ukraine, eCrimea, emahlathini aseRashiya eya e-Urals naseCaucasus, naseB Belovezhskaya Pushcha naseGomel esifundeni saseBelarus.
Ungasesha kanjani
I-delicacy ikhula ngaphansi komhlaba futhi kunzima ukuyithola. Kodwa kunezibonakaliso ezithile zokuthi i-truffle iqhubekile ngaphansi komhlaba:
- izimila phezu kwe-fungus zivame kakhulu;
- umhlaba uba grey;
- Izimpukane ezibomvu zisebenzisa umzimba wesithelo ukondla izimpungushe, ngakho zizungeze izindawo "ezimnandi".
Kubalulekile! EYurophu, ngoba "ukuzingela" kwelayisense ye-truffle kuyadingeka.
Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali
I-Truffle ngumkhiqizo wokudla - kunama-kcal angu-24 kuphela nge-100 g (ama-3 g - amaprotheni, ama-0.5 g - amafutha, ama-2 g - ama-carbohydrates).
Lezi zinambitheka ziqukethe amavithamini C (6 mg), B1 (0.02 mg), B2 (0.4 mg), PP (9.49 mg). Kungenzeka futhi ukuthola izakhi ezinjalo kulo:
- i-potassium;
- i-calcium;
- insimbi;
- i-sodium;
- ithusi.
Zuza kanye nokulimala
Amavithamini namaminerali aqukethe kulawa amakhowe anomthelela omuhle empilweni yabantu:
- unomphumela wokuvimbela i-antioxidant;
- ukusiza ukusheshisa ukululama kwesikhumba ngezicucu noma izifo;
- ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu ezimbi emgqonyeni;
- ukusiza ukugcina ithoni yesikhumba, ukunciphisa ukubukeka kwamankani;
- umphumela ozuzisayo ku-microflora emathunjini.
Eminye imithi, ama-mushroom e-shiitake kanye ne-cordyceps athandwa kakhulu.
Lezi amakhowe azikwazi ukubangela umonakalo emzimbeni womuntu, futhi ukubekezelelana kuphela komkhiqizo ukuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwawo. Ukugwema ukudla ama-truffles kufanele kube ngabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye ne-lactation, kanye nezingane zasenkulisa.
Amakhowe akhule emahlathini ezweni lethu, nawo anezakhiwo eziwusizo kakhulu. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinzuzo zamakhowe, ama-boletus, ama-ceps, ama-champignon, i-Reishi, amakhowe obisi, ama-chanterelles, ibhotela.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ekuphekeni
Lawa amakhowe ahluke kwezinye izihlobo ekuthandeni kwawo okhethekile kanye nephunga elimnandi. Iphunga lala amakhowe lingase libe namanothi we-nutty noma ama-herbal.
I-truffle isetshenziselwa ukufaka izithasiselo kumasiki noma njenge-spice elimnandi, kepha kaningi lokhu lo mkhiqizo ukhonjiswa okuluhlaza, ukuxubha ku-grater bese wengezwa esikoleni esiyinhloko. Kuyinto ngokuxhumana neminye imikhiqizo ukuthi iphunga lama-truffles livezwe ngokugcwele. 
Ukunambitheka kwaleli amakhowe kufana namantongomane noma imbewu. Ihluke kakhulu kusuka iphunga, ama-gourmets ngezinye izikhathi athi "adla iphunga."
Kungani ama-truffles ebiza kakhulu
Izindleko eziphakeme ze-truffles zibangelwa ukuthi "zihlanjululwe" kakhulu kakhulu. Le mushroom ayikhuli kuwo wonke amahlathi noma kuzo zonke izifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulula ukuthola, ngoba ayifihla phezulu. Futhi ukuqedela okuyingqayizivele ukuthi kungumkhiqizo wonyaka.
Engeza kulokhu ukunambitheka okumnandi kanye nephunga elimnandi - yilokho esikutholayo kuyisikhathi esingavamile, esibizayo.
Uyazi? I-truffle enkulu kunazo zonke emhlophe eyayisuswe yayinesisindo esingu-1 kg 890 g.
Ngendlela, izindleko ze-truffles ezimhlophe zingafinyelela ku-4 000 euro / kg. Okukhulu, kuyabiza kakhulu. I-congener emnyama izobiza kusuka ku-1500 kuya ku-2500 zamaRandi ngekhilogramu ngayinye.
Kukhona umbono wokuthi uma uzame kanye lawa amakhowe angavamile, ukunambitheka kwawo kanye nephunga lakhe lihlala phakade enkumbulweni. Ngaphezu kokunambitha, lo mkhiqizo usasebenza kakhulu emzimbeni. Ama-Gourmets ayeluleka: uma unethuba lokunambitha lokhu kunambitheka - ungaphuthelwa.
Ukubuyekezwa kokunambitheka kwamakhowe
