Umhlabathi owomhlaba yi-mushroom, iningi labo abathanda ukuzilibazisa ngaphandle. Ngokuvamile lezi zinyama azibonakali, ngoba ikhanda layo elibomvu elimnyama lifihle ngokuphelele le fungus emehlweni. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, itholakala yonke indawo, ekhonjiswe ukunambitheka okubucayi kanye nephunga elimnandi. Yingakho, namuhla sanquma ukungenisa ngokuningiliziwe bonke abathandi bokuzingela okuthulile nalesi sihlala esihlala emahlathini ethu e-coniferous, kanye nokunquma izici zayo eziyinhloko.
Amanye amagama
Lolu hlobo lwezichungechunge luvame kakhulu Eastern Europe. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sonke sokuhlala kwayo, i-mushroom ithole amagama amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, okubili kokubili kwesifunda nokujwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo zibizwa ngokuthi igama elisemthethweni - umugqa u-earthy, kodwa ochwepheshe balezi zilwane bayaziwa ngaphansi kwegama lesiLatini elicashile. i-tricholoma terreum. 
Phakathi kwabaqoqi be-mushroom elula, i-mushroom iyaziwa njengomugqa womugqa owuhlaza noma umgqa womhlabathi. Kodwa okwakhiwa kakhulu kwakuyizakhamuzi zasemaphandleni aseningizimu kanye nesifunda saseMnyama. Ngenxa ye-gray tint yayo ecebile, lawa amakhowe abizwa ngegama "igundane elincane". Leli gama litholakala kabanzi kuze kube namuhla.
Uyazi? Ngo-2011, e-China, esiqhingini saseHanan, kutholakala amakhowe amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Usosayensi waseShayina Academy of Sciences, u-Yu Cheng Daemu, endle, wakwazi ukuthola isampula esinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-500 kg. Njengoba umcwaningi ekholelwa, kuthatha amakhowe eminyakeni engama-20 ukufeza isisindo esinomthelela.
Ukubonakala
Ijubane elibomvu lomhlaba libhekisela kulo 4 ekilasini elidliwayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbono uphephile ngokuphelele kubantu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezokwelapha okushisa. Okuhlukile ukusetshenziswa kwefungus kwifomu yayo eluhlaza (engekho ekhethiwe). Kulokhu, i-fungus ingabangela ukuhuda kanye nezinye izifo zomzimba. Lezi amakhowe zinamaqoqo amaphrotheni kanye nezinye izakhi. Ngakho-ke, izondlo eziningi zincoma ukuthi zizisebenzise kuphela njengomkhiqizo owengeziwe.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhlukumeza izitsha kusuka ryadovki akufanele. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kuqukethe izinto ezifana ne-toxia enobuthi e-svushki encane. Uma uphuzo oludakayo, kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso semisipha nesibindi.
Kubonakala kanjani
Leli khowa linokubukeka okubonakalayo futhi okuphawulekayo, ngakho-ke abakhokhi abaningi be-mushroom akunzima ukuhlukanisa amagundane ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlobene. 
Ukuze uqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi lizowela ebhasikisini (bese kuthi etafuleni), kuyadingeka ukuthi ujwayele izici eziyisisekelo zomzimba we-fungus. Kuphela kulesi simo kuzokwazi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele kanye nabathandekayo abavela emhlanganweni ongase ube khona ngezinhlobo ezinobuthi.
Okudliwayo yizinhlobo ezinjalo ze-ryadovki njengegrey, eluhlaza, obomvu, i-poplar, ophuzi obomvu. Uhlobo olumhlophe luhlobo olungenakulungiswa olwenza ukuthi i-GI ivuselele.
Hat
Esikhathini sokuphila kwe-fungus, i-cap yayo ingashintsha kakhulu. Lesi sici yisici salo esikuphawulekayo esikuhlukanisa nezinhlobo ezihlobene. E-ryadovok encane, ngokuvamile kaningi isimo esincane noma esivamile. 
Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, isimo se-cap sishintsha ku-flat-convex noma convex, ne-tubercle encane ekhonjiwe phakathi. Kwezinye izimo (kuye ngokuthi izimo zendawo yokuhlala), i-knob ekhanda iyaba yindilinga noma iboniswe kalula. Ububanzi be-cap bufinyelela kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-9 cm.
Uyazi? Amakhomikhali yiwona kuphela okuphilayo emhlabeni onendlela ehambisana nayo yokuphila, lapho, njengezilwane, urea ikhiqizwa enkambweni yomsebenzi obalulekile.
Eziqaleni zokuqala zentuthuko, isikhumba sefungus si-fibrous, bese kancane kancane sishaywa kahle. Lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa ngengubo yangasese (velum). Ivikela i-bottomside ye-cap ne-layer ye-hymenial esemncane. Kwezinye izimo, i-velum ekudala ihlala ihlala, kodwa kulokhu iguqula ibe yembatho emhlophe ebomvu ekugcineni kwekhanda. Umbala we-cap unenzuzo yombala ompunga noma obomvu. Kwezinye izimo kunezimo ezinemibala enombala obomvu, kodwa lo mthunzi uhlukile, okungajwayelekile. 
I-Hymenophor (amarekhodi)
Ibanga elikude lingezinhlobo zeplate. Amacwecwe alawa amakhowe ashintshiwe-ahlume. Ngesikhathi esencane, iningi lihlala liphansi, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umcabisholo wabo uthola ukuvinjelwa kwesici. Umbala wamacwecwe uphinde uxhomeke eminyakeni yobudala. Emakhowe amancane, ngokuvamile ahlanzekile, kodwa uma esekhulile angathola ukukhanya okubomvu noma okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inombolo yamarekhodi ayikho enkulu, ngakho-ke ivame ukutholakala ngokungajwayelekile ngaphansi kwe-cap. 
Umlenze
Umlenze wegundane u-cylindrical noma ufana ne-spindle, okwenyuka kwesisekelo. Ubude bayo bububanzi buka-3-9 cm, ububanzi - kusuka ku-0.7 kuya ku-2 cm. Umbala wemilenze uvame kakhulu umhlophe nge-grayish tints. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, umbala womlenze ungashintsha, kuma-specimens amadala engxenyeni engenhla kungenzeka kube mhlophe, futhi uthole amathoni aphuzi phansi. 
Uyazi? Iningi le-fungus, kuhlanganise ne-earthy, libhekene ne-okuthiwa i-mycorrhiza, inhlangano ehlangene e-symbiotic enezitshalo eziphakeme. Uhlelo lwempungushe (i-mycelium) luqinile luqinisa izimpande zomuthi, lithatha ukukhululwa kwawo. Ngokufanayo, i-fungus ikhipha inhlabathi ehlukahlukene i-acids ephilayo kanye nezinye izici ezisiza isihlahla ukuba siphume izakhi ezidingekayo emhlabathini.
Pulp
I-pulp isinyene, ngokulinganayo amanzi. It has a elimnandi iphunga elimnandi kanye ukunambitheka okumnandi. Umbala we-pulp umhlophe, kepha ngezinye izikhathi ungathola amathoni amancane.
Lapho ukhula khona nokuthi nini ukuqoqa
I-ryadovy ihlala emhlabeni emoyeni aphephile nendawo ezungezile ezindaweni zonke. Ngakho-ke, i-mushroom ikhula kabanzi eMpumalanga Yurophu, eCaucasus, eSiberia naseLwandle OluMnyama. Ngokuvamile kaningi kungatholakala amahlathi e-coniferous noma e-pine kumhlabathi wokubala noma onesihlabathi. Ngezinye izikhathi imigqa ikhula emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, kodwa kulokhu, ama-conifers kufanele abe yizihlobo zemifino eningi kakhulu. Ukukhula okuqhubekayo nokukhiqizwa kwe-fungus esimweni sezulu esiphezulu kubonakala phakathi kuka-Agasti futhi kuqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, i-fungus ingaba nezithelo kuze kube maphakathi no-Febhuwari. 
Yini engadideka
Umugqa womhlaba unamawele ambalwa emvelo, kodwa phakathi kwawo kukhona okuyingozi kubantu abantu abanezinhlobo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokudla amakhowe, kudingekile ukuthi ufunde izici zokuziphatha zamawele onke. Akuwona nje ukuphumelela kwesidlo esizayo kungase kuxhomeke kulo, kodwa futhi nokuphepha kwakho nabathandekayo bakho.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinkukhu ezidliwayo nezingozi: uhlu lwezilwane ezidliwayo; Amakhowe adle futhi anobuthi akhula emithini; amakhowe anobuthi.
Iningi livame ukufakwa ohlwini oludidekile nalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- tiger ukudubula liyilungu elinobuthi lomndeni ryadovkovye. Ibonakala nge-cap gray-brown noma i-gray-gray cap. Umlenze unombala ompunga noma onobuhlaza obunombala obunombala obunombala obomvu, onombala owuphawu lwe-mealy. I-cap ngokuvamile ifinyelela ububanzi obungaba ngu-12 cm, ubukhulu be-stem ngu-1-3 cm, nokuphakama okungu-4-8 cm. Amacwecwe akhula kanye ne-stem, umbala omhlophe ongenawo umnqumo ophuzi noma obomvu. Isici esihlukile sohlobo lwe-ryadovki edliwayo yi-cap enkulu kakhulu nombala wesici wezingqimba;
- Ukudubula okunamafutha - ilungu elinobuthi emiphakathini yomndeni. Ukubukeka kubonakala ngendwangu yomlotha-grey we-cap enezinhlamvu ezincane zezici, kanye nesitshalo esimhlophe esinezinhlamvu ezihlukene zesikhathi eside. Ububanzi bekhanda le-mushroom aludluli u-8 cm, kanti ubukhulu bomlenze buhluka kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-2 cm, futhi ukuphakama akukona okungaphezulu kuka-6-8 cm. Amapulangwe okukhanya okukhanyayo, ane-notch ejulile, akhululekile. Isici esikhethekile sohlobo lwe-ryadovki edliwayo yizimpawu zokuziphatha kwi-cap ne-stem;
- I-grebe ephahlazeka ilungu elibulalayo lomndeni wakwa-Amanita. Ibonakala nge-greyish, umnqumo, noma i-cap elula eluhlaza. Umlenze ungaphinda udwetshwe emnqumeni omhlophe, ompunga noma amathoni amancane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube mhlophe. Ububanzi be-cap buhluka phakathi kuka-5-15 cm, ukuphakama komlenze ku-8-16 cm, ubukhulu abudluli u-2 cm. Kuvame ukuba nesigqoko esimhlophe esifundeni. Amacwecwe alula, akhululekile, amaningi, ikakhulukazi amhlophe amhlophe noma asemhlophe. Isici esihlukile sohlobo lwe-ryadovki edliwayo yinhlanganisela engahambisani nezinhlamvu zekhanda nomlenze, usayizi omkhulu wekhanda, kanye nesiketi "esitshalweni sesithelo.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ekuphekeni
Ukutshala umhlaba osetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni, kanye nezinhlobo eziwusizo kakhulu zamakhowe. Naphezu kokudla okunomsoco ophansi, zonke izinhlobo zezingubo zamakhowe zihlukaniswa ngendlavane enomthelela futhi ekhanyayo yama-mushroom. Lolu hlobo lungcono kunoma yikuphi ukupheka futhi ngenkathi ukupheka akulahlekelwa ubukhulu balo nesakhiwo.
Sikukwazisa ukuba ujwayele ubuchwepheshe bokupheka amakhowe: u-salting, ukukhethisa, ukomisa, ukukhanda.
Ngakho-ke, ukuthungatha komhlaba kungatholwa njengenye yezithako zazo zonke izinhlobo zokupheka, okuthosiwe, ama-stews kanye nesobho. 
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esihlukile sobubanzi ikhono laso lokugcinwa isikhathi eside ngemuva kokucubungula, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuba u-salting nokulondolozwa.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokupheka zonke izinhlobo zezitsha, ukugoqa kufanele kubiliswe emanzini amancane anamanzi amaminithi angu-10, ngaphandle kwalokho umfutho ungabangela isifo segciwane lokugaya.
Umgogodla womhlaba ungenye yefungi ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi nezesimo sezulu. Naphezu kokuthi akuyona umkhiqizo oyintandokazi etafuleni lethu, i-mushroom ingakwazi ukunqoba kalula noma yikuphi ukugcoba. Izitsha ezivela kuwo zinambitha eziqhakazile futhi ezicebile, kanye nephunga elingalibaleki. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ulandele ibhasikidi wakho kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi uyazi kahle zonke izici zalo, futhi ufunde ngokucophelela ukubukeka.
