Amakhowe aseDunka, noma njengoba asaziwa - izingulube, zivame kakhulu emahlathini ethu. Le fungus isetshenziselwa ukubhekwa njengokwesidlo, kepha namuhla ihlukaniswa njengobuthi. Iyini ingozi nokuthi ingadliwa empeleni, funda ngalokhu neminye imininingwane ebalulekile ngezansi.
Amanye amagama
Igama elivame kakhulu yi-Swine, kodwa ungase uzwe ukuhluka okufana nengulube noma ingulube. Kwezinye izindawo, aziwa ngokuthi i-solopens noma izimbiza zethusi. Elinye igama elikhona phakathi kwabantu liphansi, dunki noma izinkomo. Noma kunjalo, igama lesiLatini le-fungus i-Paxillus Invutus lihumusha ngokuqondile njengengulube.
Uyazi? Amakhowe anombuso wawo. Ososayensi isikhathi eside abakwazanga ukuthola ukuthi amakhowe angabanikazi bezitshalo noma izilwane. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokuphathelene nokubunjwa kwamaprotheni, basondelene nezilwane, kodwa ngokwemvelo ye-carbohydrate namanye amaminerali - zifana nezitshalo, ngakho-ke zihlukaniswa zibe umbuso wazo ohlukile.
Zibukeka kanjani
Ama-mushroom alezi zinhlobonhlobo abe nokubukeka okwehlukile, okungawaphikisi nezinye amakhowe angabonakali. 
Ubunzima ukuthi i-Dunka ayinayo izibonakaliso ezinhlobonhlobo ezinobuthi, ngakho-ke leli khowa lifana kakhulu nazo zonke ezinye izilwane ezitholakala emahlathini. Kodwa ingulube ingabonakala ngezibonakaliso eziningana zezici.
Yazi kahle izinhlobo zezingulube nezici zazo.
Hat
Isikhwama samakhowe singaba usayizi ohlukile, konke kuxhomeke eminyakeni yobudala nendawo yokukhula. Ama-specimens amakhulu afinyelela kumamitha angu-15. Amakhowe amasha abamba umkhuhlane, aphihliwe kancane emaphethelweni. Omdala i-fungus, ephansi ingxenye ephakathi iba.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-cap ithatha uhlobo lwe-funnel, elidonsa phansi. Izithelo zamagqabhagqabha nazo zingaba nemimoya enjengemisipha, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ziyancipha, zigobile noma zavy. 
Umbala wamakhowe amancane ngokuvamile umnqumo noma umnqumo omnyama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baba grey ngokwengeziwe, bathola umbala ogqamile noma obomvu. Ubuso bungaba ngamanzi, amanzi, abomile, anamathele, anesithunzi - konke kuxhomeke ngesimo sezulu kanye nemibandela yendawo lapho ukhunta ikhula khona.
Kubalulekile! Kungenzeka ukukhomba ingulube encane eyingozi ngesibonakaliso esisodwa esilula: i-mushroom ihlanganisa umswakama enyameni, ngakho-ke, uma ucindezela kuyo noma ngokusika, ngokushesha ubumnyama. Lesi isici esihlukile esiza ukuhlukanisa i-Dunk kwezinye amakhowe ezidliwayo ezijwayelekile.
Umlenze
Umlenze ube mfushane, kuphela ngamapentimitha angu-8-9. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kulokhu kukhula kunombala ompunga. Isakhiwo saso sincane kakhulu futhi sinomsoco. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bekhanda, umlenze uncane futhi unomzimba omncane, u-2 cm kuphela ubukhulu. 
Pulp
Inyama yinyene futhi ithambile. Umbala wayo uvame ukuphuzi noma umbala obuthakathaka ophuzi, kodwa kumaphuzu okusika iba mnyama kakhulu. Iphunga le-fungus emalindeni cishe lingekho, njengalokhu kuvamile ukunambitheka kwe-mushroom. Amacwecwe aminyene, amancane futhi amancane, ahlukaniswe kalula nomzimba ophansi. Umbala wabo uvame ukufana ophuzi, kodwa ungaba nombala obomvu.
Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nokuthi yikuphi amakhowe akhule eRostov, eSaratov, Volgograd, eLeningrad, ezindaweni zaseKaliningrad, eKrasnodar Krai naseBashkiria.
Ukuphi futhi kuphi
Ama-Dunks akhula ngamaqembu amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukeka kungahluka kancane kuncazelo ejwayelekile kuye ngokuthi indawo ikhona kuphi. Ukuhlala emaphethelweni ehlathini noma eduze nemifula, ngoba bathanda kakhulu umswakama. Ukuhlala emithini ewile noma e-stumps. Yande ezindaweni zethu.
Ukukhula ngokuqinile esikhathini kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla, kuyilapho kungabanda kakhulu. Izithelo ikakhulu kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Ngakho-ke, cishe lonke ihlobo lekwindla lingatholakala emazweni amahlumela amancane anama-coniferous. 
Ngingadla
Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule i-solokhs yayibhekwa njengezidliwayo, nakuba yayibhekwa njengeyingozi kakhulu (isigaba sesine - amakhowe angadliwa kuphela ngemva kokugaya kakhulu isikhathi eside nokupheka isikhathi eside), manje kubhekwa njengobuthi, ngakho-ke ukuqoqa akukhuthazwa futhi kuvinjelwe ngisho.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuvamile kukhona umphumela obulalayo lapho udla ingulube. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngisho nangokwelapha okushisa okuphindaphindiwe nokwedlula isikhathi eside, i-toxin equkethwe ku-pulp ayishiyanga kuphi.
Yiziphi amakhowe eziyingozi
I-toxin lectin equkethwe ezingulubeni, ukungena egazini, ivuse ukubola kwegazi elibomvu, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele i-hemolytic anemia, uma ngabe umthamo uyingcosana, i-nephropathy, i-jaundice kanye nokungaphumeleli kwezinguquko kumafomu acute. 
Ikakhulu ukuzwela okukhulu kobuhlungu ezinganeni, abantu emva kwezifo. Amakhowe ayingozi uma umuntu ene-urolithiasis nesimo sengqondo sokugula. Kubuye kwabikwa ukuthi umscarin, i-alkaloid ethile, etholakala ku-red fly-agarics, nayo itholakale nge-solokh.
Siyakutshela ukuthi ufunde ukuthi amakhowe awudli futhi awunobuthi, amakhowe adlayo akhula ekuwa naseMeyi, futhi afunde ukuhlola amakhowe ukuze akwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezidumile.
Ngezici eziningi kubangela ukuhlanza, uhudo, ubuthi, i-bradycardia, ukuphazanyiswa okubukwayo. Ezimweni ezinzima, kuholela ekuphazamiseni ukuphefumula kanye ne-edema ye-pulmona. Kubangelwa ukuvela kokulutha izidakamizwa.
Kubalulekile! Akuyona into engathandeki kakhulu ukuphuza utshwala obuthwetshiwe noma obilisiwe yizihlwanyela, nakuba lokhu kwenziwa, ngoba kubangela ukuhlobisa okumibalabala, kodwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukwesaba. Umphumela wokucabangela ungenxa yezinto eziqukethwe muscarin chuninomimetic.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umphumela we-toxin awukwenziwanga njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ku-toadstool ephuzi. Ubuthi lungenzeka ngemva kwesikhathi eside, konke kuncike kwinani lefungi, ubudala kanye nesimo somzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fungus yi-accumulator ye-isotopes e-radioactive, ikakhulukazi i-cesium nethusi, eyingozi kakhulu empilweni.
Izimpawu zobuthi kanye nosizo lokuqala
Inkinga ukuthi ukuthola ubuthi kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa kusekhona ezinye izimpawu ukuthi akuzona zonke izinto ezihambisana nomzimba futhi, mhlawumbe, i-fungus isabuthi:
- ngamanani amancane futhi esebenzisa isikhathi eside, i-toxin ibangela ukusabela okufana nokutheleleka emathunjini. Kulesi simo, umzimba ungavamile ukubhekana nawo futhi ungagudli umphumela we-poison, ngoba uhulumeni uhlala isikhathi eside;
- ukukhathazeka isikhathi eside;
- uma amakhowe amaningi edliwe, ukusabela kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-2-4 futhi kunamandla kakhulu;
- ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, i-peristalsis eyanda kakhulu - izimpawu ezivelele kakhulu zobuthi;
- ukuvela kwe-hematomas nokuphuma kwegazi, i-pallor;
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ushintsho kwinani lamaseli abomvu wegazi, ukwanda kwe-bilirubin kubonakala;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-jaundice kuqala;
- abafundi bavinjelwe, umbono awunzima;
- umuntu angase athole ukuphefumula, akanalo umoya okwanele;
- isigqi senhliziyo siyaphazamiseka.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uma ubuthi obuncane, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukulala, isimo sokugxekwa, ukuhlanza nokuhuda kudlulela isikhathi eside, kodwa kudlula ngokwabo. Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu angase angacabangi ukuthi yini eyabangela lesi simo kuye.
Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kokutholakala esibhedlela. Qiniseka ukuthi udlulisa izivivinyo zokubala kwegazi. Ezimweni ze-jaundice noma ukuhluleka kwe-renal, kudingwa izihambi.
Uyazi? Amakhowe ayekhona emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-400 edlule, okuqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi. Ngoba amakhowe akhulile kunama-dinosaurs kanye nezakhamuzi ezindala kunazo zonke zomhlaba, kanye nama-ferns.
Ividiyo: usizo lokuqala lwe-mushroom poisoning
Usizo lokuqala, okumelwe lunikezwe umuntu ngempela uma kunezibonakaliso ze-mushroom poisoning, kanje:
- Ukwenza ukuhlanza. Lokhu kuzosiza ukusula isisu sezingcezu ezinkulu zamakhowe. Lokhu kungenziwa ngosizo kasawoti ehlanjululwa emanzini noma emasinini omasinaphi. Udinga ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, futhi kubangela ukuhlanza.
- Kubalulekile - uma ukuhlanza okungenalutho kungavunyelwe ukubangela, njengoba ukuhlanza kungangena emaphashini.
- Gastric wash.
- Phuza umshini osebenzayo.
- Ezimweni ezimbi, qiniseka ukuthi ubiza i-ambulensi.
- Uma kwenzeka ubuthi lwezingulube, uhambo oluya esibhedlela luyimpoqo.
Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde ngamakhowe angenakulungiswa, njengama-mushroom e-panther, i-toadstool, i-boletus yamanga, i-mushroom yama-satani, i-rose rose, i-mushroom ebomvu, i-foxfish.
I-Svushki iyi-mushroom eyingozi kakhulu engaba nethonya elibi kakhulu emzimbeni. Futhi nakuba zingase ziphekwe, akukhuthazwa ukuba udle, njengoba izifundo zamuva zibonise ukuthi ubuthi obuqukethwe kuwo abubhujiswa. Kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu lapho uqoqa amakhowe ehlobo nasekwindla.
Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi
