Amakhowe amanga: izinhlobo, indlela yokuhlukanisa futhi hhayi ukudideka

Abaqoqi abaningi be-mushroom bathanda ukuqoqa amakhowe ngenxa yokukhula kweqembu. Lezi amakhowe zinomsoco, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa cishe noma yimiphi imibono yezolimo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamanga ezinjenge-honey agarics, ezingase ziphelelwe ngengozi ebhasikisini lomqoqo we-mushroom bese zidala inhlekelele, okuthiwa ubuthi obuyingozi. Ukuze ungalokothi uthathe i-gauze yamanga emahlathini, kudingekile ukwazi imithetho yokwahlukana phakathi kwamakhowe adlekayo kusuka kubalingani babo abangenakulinganiswa. Yilokhu okuzoshiwo lesi sihloko.

Okuqukethwe:

• I-Coniferous yamanzi
• Swallowtail Kandoll
• Ibhande lesibhakabhaka elibomvu
• I-bast slate ephuzi
• I-Rod cone seroplastichny
• Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamakhowe amanga nama-edibles
• Umbala
• Iphunga
• Ukubonakala kwekhanda
• I-Skirt
• Amarekhodi
• Ukudla
• Izimpawu zobuthi
• Usizo lokuqala
• Ividiyo: indlela yokuhlukanisa amakhowe wangempela amakhowe angamanga angenayo
• Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi

Ayini amakhowe amanga

Ama-Mycologists ahlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko ze-agaric yamanga. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo inezici ezithile ezifanayo namakhowe adlekayo: umbala, isakhiwo sekhanda, isakhiwo somlenze, njll.

I-Coniferous yamanzi

Lolu hlobo lwe-fungus luvame ukubhekwa njenge-spatially noma i-hydrophilic psatirella. Itholakala emahlathini amancane noma e-coniferous, eduze namabhange omfula, kwi-stumps noma emasimini asetsheni. Okuvamile kakhulu e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Isikhathi sokuvuna siwela ngoSepthemba - Novemba.

Uyazi? Esikhathini esidala, izicubu zazibhekwa njengama-mushroom omlingo. Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ingcebo kufanele ingcwatshwe endaweni yokuqoqwa kwamabele okusanhlamvu.

Abamele abancane balolu hlobo lwe-fungus banekhanda elihlotshwe ngebell, eliba isambulela esifane nobudala. Isici esihlukile sophethi lwamanzi yisikhwama esiqhekeziwe emaphethelweni. Umbala walo ikakhulukazi uxhomeke ekungenikeni kwemvelo yemvelo ekhulayo: emahlathini enomswakama kakhulu inqola inombala onosawoti obomvu, emahlathini anomswakama ophansi umbala uhambela umthunzi wekhilimu.

Zijwayele ngezinhlobo ezidliwayo zamakhowe.

Umlenze walolu amakhowe uhlelekile futhi ubushelelezi, ufike ubude buka 8-10 cm nobubanzi buka-0.5 cm. Amacwecwe abamele abasha banomthunzi omncane. Ukutholakala kwamathoni amnyama kuqala njengoba i-Psatirella iyindilinga. Kukhona izingxabano mayelana nokubonakala kwalowo omele umhlaba we-mycology. Kuye kwaqalwa ukuthi i-mongrel yamanzi ayikwazi ukulimaza kakhulu izindlu zezindlu nezesevisi kanye nezinhlaka zesistimu eziphakathi kwezinzwa, kodwa kungcono ukuthi ungadli.

Swallowtail Kandoll

Lewa amakhowe anamanye amagama:

• I-Candall ebuthakathaka;
• I-Candolom Candol.

Itholakala cishe kuwo wonke iNyakatho Melika, eYurophu nase-Asia. Ikhula emahlathini amancane futhi ahlanganisiwe, atholakale nasemasimini, ezindaweni zokupaka, ezindaweni zokupaka. Ngokuvamile likhula ngamaqembu amakhulu. Inkathi ye-fruiting iwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Uhlobo lwe-cap kanye noshintsho lwayo ngobudala lwenzeka ngokuya komthetho wesimame esandulele. Ububanzi bekhanda ngokuvamile aludluli ku-7 cm. Umbala wayo uhluka kusuka kumhlophe okwemhlophe kuya kwelekholethi. Inyama ka Candolla inombala omhlophe-ukhilimu, iphunga elimnandi le-mushroom kanye nesakhiwo esiqinile. Amacwecwe abamele abasha abhalwe ngombala obomvu, ekugcineni uthola imibala emnyama.

Kubalulekile! I-Pastirella Candolla iyi-mill coam, ekubonakala kwayo ethonywe yizinto eziningi: izinga lokushisa lomoya, umswakama, iminyaka, indawo yokukhula. Ngezinye izikhathi le makhowe ayinakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa amakhowe ezidliwayo, yingakho ochwepheshe batusa ukunakekelwa okhethekile iphunga ngesikhathi sokusika (uma kungathandeki, phonsa amakhowe anjalo).

Iphoyisa le-spore le-candoll lamopod ehlukile embala omnyama, kuyilapho izinhlamvu zinesakhiwo se-ellipsoidal. Umlenze unombala okhanyayo nesakhiwo se-cylindrical. Ibhekwa yi-pubescence encane engxenyeni engezansi. Ukuphakama komlenze kungahluka kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-8 cm, ububanzi - kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-6 mm. Leli howa libhekwa njengento edliwayo ngokwemvelo, ngezinye izikhathi ayitholakali. Abanye abaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi basebenzisa i-powder yangasese ye-Candol ngemuva kokunakekelwa okushisayo okushisa ngokucophelela.

Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani ama-toadstool aphuzi kanye namakhowe anobuthi ekhula ezihlahleni, kusukela emazazini adla kanye nama-boletus.

Ibhande lesibhakabhaka elibomvu

Leli amakhowa linamagama amaningi amaningi. Kweminye imithombo yombhalo kukhona ukufana okunjalo:

• I-Hypholoma perplexum;
• I-Hypholoma sublateritium;
• I-Agaricus carneolus;
• I-Agaricus lateritius;
• Geophila sublateritia.

Ubusi obomvu obomvu bukhula konke ezindaweni ezifana nabafowabo. Ngokuvamile lo mmeli wezwe lomlando we-mycology angatholakala ezinsaleleni zokubola zokhuni oluqinile. Isikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo siwela ngoSepthemba - Novemba. Umehluko oyinhloko kusukela ku-honeydew yangempela yisigqoko, esinombala we-chocolate wezingoma ezimnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo saso sifana nensimbi, futhi umbala uba lula kakhulu emaphethelweni. Umlenze uqondile, ngaphakathi kungenalutho, iphunga elimnandi libonakala endaweni yokusika. Inqobe ngaphakathi iqukethe isembozo se-spider, ekugcineni siqala ukugubha. Umbala wamacwecwe uhluka kusuka kwhokolethi kuze kube yelanga eliphuzi.

Uyazi? Zonke izinhlobo ze-agarics ziyakwazi ukucubungula inhlabathi esebenzile ibe yi-biomass ecebile ezintweni ezincane nezincane.

Iningi lemithombo yamathekisthi iveza ngokucacile ukuthi lolu hlobo lwama mushroom ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa lungadliwa ngaphandle kokwesaba okuthile. Kodwa-ke, abanye abacwaningi bathi babhalise amaqiniso obuhlungu obuthi bastard obomvu. Yingakho ulwazi mayelana nokuhleleka kuphikisana.

Zijwayele ngamakhowe anjenge: amakhowe kaSathane, ingulube kanye nokunye.

I-bast slate ephuzi

Lezi amakhowe zinobuthi, futhi awukwazi ukuzidla ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa okushisa. Kunamanye amagama ebhilidini eliphuzi elibomvu:

• I-Agaricus fascicularis;
• I-Geophila fascicularis;
• Dryophila fascicularis.

Inkathi ye-fruiting iwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Indawo yokuhlala: eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu naseMpumalanga Asia. Ikhula ngamaqembu, evame ukutholakala ekuguleni, izihlahla zezihlahla ezinqabile noma eduze kwazo. Ikhetha amahlathi omhlaba omnyama omhlaba. Insimbi iyinsimbi enesisindo esingu-2-7 cm. Inombala ophuzi okwesibhakabhaka oba mnyama phakathi nendawo. Umthunzi wamanoni omuncu unomusa ongenakubukeka ube mnandi futhi iphunga elimnandi. Amacwecwe amancane, aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, athole umthunzi ohlaza. Izinhlamvu zi-ellipsoidal, i-spore powder yimibala ye-chocolate. Umlenze unobuningi obufinyelela ku-10 cm futhi unombala we-lemon-ophuzi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubuthi obudlayo buba khona lapho udla umkhuhlane ophuzi oluyisibhakabhaka, ohambisana nokuhlanza, ukuhlanza izinhlanzi, izikhukhula. Uketshezi olunobuthi lungabangela nokulahlekelwa ukwazi emva kwamahora angu-2-6.

I-Rod cone seroplastichny

Kuvame ukutholakala e-United States, eCanada, eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ikhetha amahlumela e-coniferous. Ngokuvame ukutholakala emaqenjini ama-stumps noma ama-trunks of pins. I-seroplastinchaty yobuwula ibizwa nangokuthi:

• Geophila capnoides;
• Dryophila capnoides;
• Agaricus capnoides.

Azikho izingxabano mayelana nokubukeka kwalolu hlobo lokuhleka, ngoba luyi-mushroom ephephile futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuphekeni ukulungiselela izifundo zokuqala nezesibili. Isikhathi se-fruiting siqala phakathi nehlobo futhi sihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Leli amakhowe lifana kakhulu ne foxfish eneshukela esinesihlungu esiphundu. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihlukaniswa yi-plate: kummeleli onobuthi, ubuso obucacile obuguquguqukayo obuvela ophuzi kuya eluhlaza kubonakala, i-seroplastin ukhunta inesipuni sombala ophuzi noma obomvu (akukho amathoni aluhlaza ahlonishwayo).

Kubalulekile! Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwephunga elimanga neqiniso yiyindandatho emlenzeni. Amafilimu amanga asinayo indandatho enjalo.

Isici se-hat of zonke izimpungushe siyi-bell. Umbala - ophuzi ophuzi, ububanzi - kuze kufike ku-8 cm. Umlenze unomzimba omncane, onobhontshisi obuncane, unomunwe omnandi ophunga endaweni yokusika. Umbala wemilenze uhluka kusuka ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza kuze kube nokugqwala obomvu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamakhowe amanga nama-edibles

Kunezici eziningi zezici ezenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa amakhowe anobuthi kusuka ezidliwayo. Umqoqo ngamunye we-mushroom kufanele abe ngekhanda lezi zibonakaliso, ngezinye izikhathi izindleko zephutha zingaba impilo ngisho nokuphila.

Funda indlela yokomisa amakhowe ama-oyster, ama-chanterelles e-pickle; ukufisa ama-mushroom, amakhowe asendle, ama-chanterelles, ama-oyster amakhowe nama-porcini amakhowe.

Umbala

Abaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi umbala we-cap kanye nemilenze yegalikhi yamanga inezinye izikhathi ezivamile ezingaboni. Ngokuvamile abameleli abangenakulinganiswa bamakhowe ase-agaric banombala ocacile, onobuthi obubi kakhulu. Ubomvu obomvu, ujuni-obomvu, i-orange, obomvu-obomvu - izigqoko ezinombala ofanayo, njengokungathi ubonisa ingozi. Thatha kuphela lawowa amakhowe, ekuqinisekisweni okungu-100% okuqinisekile.

Iphunga

Iphunga liyisici esibalulekile sokuhlukanisa ama-agarics amanga. Endaweni yokuqhekeka, isikhunta esingenakulungiswa siqala ukuphuma iphunga elimnandi lokubola, isikhutha noma utshani obubolile. Nakuba amakhowe weqiniso anamakha amakhowe amnandi, angeke adideke nanoma yini enye.

Ukubonakala kwekhanda

Ngokweqile noma ehlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngezigqoko zezikali - lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela. Ubuhlalu obungamanga abukho izikali kuma-caps abo, ngokuvamile zikhanya futhi zibushelelezi.

Kubalulekile! Udoti kuphela weqiniso ngaphandle kwezikali - ebusika. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthola ngenkathi yokuqoqa izimpungushe, ngakho akufanele kube khona ukwesaba.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba amakhowe agula asebekhulile angalahlekelwa isakhiwo se-scaly, ngakho-ke uma ungabaza, kungcono ukuqoqa abamele abancane kuphela.

Kuwusizo kakhulu ukudla amakhowe afana nalokhu: ama-cep, ama-boletus, ama-boletus nama-mushroom.

I-Skirt

I skirt ingenye yezibonakaliso ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukhubekile eqenjini lobuju be-honey agarics. Leli ring likhona emlenzeni, kancane ngaphansi kwe-cap. Inkohliso yama-agarics ine-skirt ayikho.

Amarekhodi

Ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa koju lwe-agarics, kubalulekile ukubheka ngaphansi kwama-caps abo (lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabasanda kufika ebhizinisini le-mushroom). Abameleli bamanga be-honey agarics banezinhlamvu ezimnyama eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezingcolile, ezitholakalayo zine-marsh-green tint eneminyaka yobudala. Ngesikhathi amakhowe adle abe namabala alula, avame ukhilimu-ophuzi.

Ukudla

Izimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla kufanele zanele ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokudla okunezidakamizwa nezinyovu. Yingakho kungavunyelwe ukunambitha amakhowe, uma ungabaza ukuqinisekiswa kwawo. Kodwa uma upheka ingxenye encane yobunyu obukhulu futhi uthola intukuthelo ekunambeni kwawo, ungaqiniseka ukuthi udla ubuthi! Kulesi simo, kufanele usheshe usule isisu bese ubiza ithimba labaphuthumayo labodokotela.

Izimpawu zobuthi

Ngokuqinisekile abaningi bayazi ukuthi amacala amakhowa amakhowe unyaka nonyaka awasho. Lokhu kungabonisa ukungabi nalwazi kwamakheki amakhowe noma ukuzithemba ngokweqile. Kodwa inhlekelele enjalo ingenzeka kunoma ubani, futhi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwazi ukuhlukanisa izimpawu zokuqala zobuthi, ukuze unikeze izisulu ukunakekelwa okwelashwa okudingekayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Thola ukuthi amakhowe adliwayo abukeka kanjani.

Ngakho-ke, izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zoketshezi nabasizi bamanga:

• ukuhlanza kanye nokucabangela;
• ubuhlungu esiswini, kuhambisane nesifo sohudo;
• ukushisa okubuthakathaka, umfutho ophansi noma ophezulu wegazi;
• izitho ezibandayo;
• izikhukhula zivela, ukushisa komzimba kuphakama;
• i-gastroenteritis ephuthumayo ivame ukuqala.

Uyazi? Ososayensi baye basungula ngokuqinile ukuthi amakhowe okuqala e-honey avela eMhlabeni ngisho nama-dinosaurs (cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-400 edlule). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo akuzange kuthinte lolu hlobo lwamakhowe. Ngaphandle kokuba bahlukaniswe babe yizidakamizwa futhi bengenakulungiswa.

Abanye abameleli befungi bangabangela umuntu ukuba abe nesifo senqubo yesifo sezinzwa, esiphikisana ne-clouding of consciousness, i-hallucinations, i-delusion kanye ne-coma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi, izinga leshukela legazi lihla kakhulu.

Usizo lokuqala

Izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo sobuthakathaka ngezinambuzane zamanga zizoqala ukuzibonakalisa emva kwamahora angu-1-2 (ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ziqala ukuvela emva kwamahora angu-5-6, konke kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwefungus, ukuqina komuthi wokushisa kanye nenani lokudliwa kwamaphutha amanga).

Lungisa amakhowe anamanzi asolisiwe ebusika bese upheka i-caviar.

Ngaphambi kokuba i-ambulensi ifike, isiguli kufanele sinikezwe usizo olulandelayo:

1. Ekuqaleni, isisu sageza ngamanzi abilisiwe. Phuza njengamanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze kube nomthelela omuhle, amanzi kufanele agcoke usawoti futhi i-permanganate encane ye-potassium kufanele ifakwe kuwo.
2. Khona-ke kudingekile ukuba wenze ukuhlanza nganoma yiziphi izindlela owaziwa kuwe (faka ingcindezi emmpandeni wolimi, uphuze uhlanza amalungiselelo, njll).
3. Hlanza imathumba nge-enema noma i-laxative.
4. Phuza noma yisiphi isidakamizwa se-sorbent esizosusa ubuthi obuningi emzimbeni. Isibonelo esilula kunazo zonke se-sorbent sisebenza ngomoya.
5. Ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu esiswini, okubangelwa ama-spasms, kubalulekile ukuthatha ama-antispasmodics. Isibonelo esicacile se-antispasmodics "Ayikho i-shpa" noma imiphi imithi esekelwe ku-"Drotaverin".
6. Ngenxa yobuthi, imilenze nezingalo ziqala ukugcoba, ngakho-ke kudingeka ufike ngamapayipi okushisa okhethekile noma izitsha ezinamanzi afudumele, lapho isiguli singafaka khona izitho nokushisa.
7. Qinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa amanzi amaningi afudumele, njengoba ubuthi budala ukungcola. Kodwa amanzi angcono ngegesi angayisebenzisi, ngoba angandisa ubuhlungu esiswini.

Kubalulekile! Zama ukunganiki izidakamizwa eziphikisana nezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala ukukhululeka kobuhlungu (Analgin, Diclofenac, Nalgezin" njll) Ukulungiswa kwaleli qembu kulimaza i-mucosa yesisu, esele yonakaliswe yizingxenye ezinobuthi zefungi.

Uma unethuba lokuletha isiguli esikhungweni sezokwelapha ngokwakho, kungcono ukungalindeli iqembu le-ambulensi, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi ubuthi be-mushroom bungabangela imiphumela embi (botulism, gastroenteritis). Usizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka ubuthiwe ngamakhowe. Kulesi sihloko, sizame ukuchaza ngokugcwele futhi ukwethembeka ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kwamaqanda amanga kanye namakhowe adlekayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa lolu lwazi futhi ungalimazi impilo yakho kanye nempilo yabathandekayo bakho.

Ividiyo: indlela yokuhlukanisa amakhowe wangempela amakhowe angamanga angenayo

Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi