Abaningi bethu bebazi kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuthi okusajingijolo kuyinto iberry elihlwabusayo kakhulu futhi enempilo, kodwa ingabe ngempela inezinto zokuphulukisa okunjalo? Sizoxoxa ngakho ngokuqhubekayo. Iyini ukusetshenziswa kwama-raspberry, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amajikijolo okuphulukisa Umbuzo walokho okuyizinto eziwusizo kangaka zomzimba womuntu, kungcono ukuqala ngokubunjwa kwamakhemikhali kwalesi sitshalo.
Isigaba I-Currant
Uyini usizo lomkhiqizo omnyama? I-currant emnyama ibhekwa njengamanye amajikijolo awusizo kakhulu futhi ahlwabusayo. I-currant emnyama isetshenziswa ekudleni, ukupheka. Isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izifo ezithile. I-currant emnyama inikeza umzimba womuntu ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamavithamini (A, amavithamini eqembu E, B, C, H), ama-microelements (i-fluorine, insimbi, i-iodine, ithusi, i-cobalt, i-zinc, i-manganese), i-macrocells (i-calcium, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-calcium).
Sekuyisiko kithi ehlobo ukuqoqa amajikijolo ama-black currant kanye namajikijolo abomvu. Yilezi izinhlobo ezimbili ze-currants seziye zagxila ezindaweni zethu. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi ngezinye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zaleli berry - i-currant yegolide, igama lesibili elithi "krandal". INyakatho Melika ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yalolu hlobo lwe-currant, lapho endaweni ephakathi nenyakatho-ntshonalanga neMexico lezi zihlahla zikhula ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kosizo lomuntu.
I-Currant iyisitrub esingafinyelela ku-2.5m ukuphakama. Amaqabunga e-Currant anamazinyo amakhulu eceleni, amajikijolo afinyelela ku-1 cm ububanzi futhi abe nephunga elinamandla elimangalisayo. I-currants ingakhula emthunzini, kodwa indawo enhle kakhulu iyoba inhlabathi endaweni enelanga, ekhanyayo. I-currant amajikijolo aqukethe amavithamini amaningi, ama-acid, ama-micro-macronutrients.
Samukela abathandi bensimu! Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezinambuzane ze-currant. Sizokutshela ukuthi iyiphi inkathazo ngayinye, ukuthi ingakanani umonakalo ongayenza esihlahleni sakho se-currant nendlela yokulwa nayo. Uyazi? Ijusi le-blackcurrant lisetshenziselwa ukulungisa amachayi okudla.
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngama-currants amhlophe. Sizokutshela indlela yokutshala i-currant emhlophe entwasahlobo, ukhethe indawo yokutshala nenhlabathi efanelekayo. Ngemuva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzoba nolwazi olwanele lokukhula currants enempilo kanye ne-fruiting. Uyazi? I-currant ibhekisela ku-oda le-Camouflaged.
I-currants ingatholakala cishe kuyo yonke ingadi, njengoba ibheji ethandwa kakhulu. Leyo currant emnyama iyathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabanye (obomvu negolide). I-currant emnyama inamavithamini amaningi futhi idlula ama-strawberries ngezikhathi ezingu-5 ekuhlungeni kwawo, izithelo ze-citrus ngezikhathi ezingu-8, ama-apula nama-pears izikhathi ezingu-10, namagilebhisi izikhathi ezingaba ngu-100.
Cishe bonke abalimi nabanini bomhlaba bakhetha ukulimala i-currant. Ezindaweni ezivame kakhulu ukuhlangabezana ne-black currant (i-Ribes nigrum), obomvu (i-Ribes rubrum) ne-currant emhlophe (i-Ribes niveum), futhi i-currant ephuzi isanda kudumile. Izifo ze-currant kanye nokwelapha kwazo Uma ufuna isihlahla sakho sikujabulise ngamajikijolo unyaka nonyaka, kufanele ungazi nje kuphela izinselele eziyinhloko zokunakekelwa, kodwa nezama-currants nezinambuzane ze-currants.
I-currant ingenye yezitshalo ezivame kakhulu ezibhekele ezitsheni zethu. Abalimi abalulekayo ukungazithobeki ekunakekeleni, emifino enomnandi, enomnandi namajikijolo amnandi, amavithamini anamandla kanye nama-microelements. Ukulima ngokuphumelelayo kwezitshalo kufanele kuchaze indlela yokubhekana nama-aphid kuma-currants-inkathazo ejwayelekile.
I-currant ingenye yamajikijolo enomnandi kakhulu futhi enempilo, ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla ezenziwa yizo zonke izivande futhi ziyadingeka ikakhulukazi ekwindla. Isicelo salo singatholakala kokubili ekuphekeni nasekudleni. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-compote kanye ne-jam iyabiliswa kusuka kumajikijolo e-currant, asetshenzisiwe amasha, ngisho namaqabunga e-currant asetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa, futhi ama-teas anomsindo aphulwa kubo.
Ama-currants amnyama, abomvu nalabo abomhlophe yizilimo ezithandwayo kakhulu, ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zinesithakazelo ekunakekelweni kwe-currant ngemuva kwebusika. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nge-nuances yokusika izihlahla, ukudla, ukuchelela nokucubungula kusuka ezinambuzane zalezi zitshalo, futhi futhi uhlale ekubhekeleni kokuvikela izihlahla ezivela emaqabungeni asehlobo entwasahlobo.
I-currant iyisitshalo esingenakuzithoba, okhiqiza izithelo eziwusizo ezidlula ezinye amajikijolo ukunambitha nokuningi kwezinto eziwusizo. Inani laso elikhethekile liwukungathobeki. Kodwa okwamanje izithelo ezinkulu nezinkulu, kubalulekile ukunikeza isitshalo izisebenzeli ezengeziwe zokukhula ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abanakekelayo bakondla ama-currants entwasahlobo nasesikhathini sonke.
Amaqoqo amancane anezithelo ezibomvu ze-currant ezibomvu endaweni yethu ajwayelekile. Zitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izigceme. Futhi konke ngoba lezi zitshalo ezingenasithunzi zinegunya lokuphulukisa lonke ubunzima bamavithamini namaminerali. Ngisho nokhokho bethu babiza ukuthi izithelo zabo ezibomvu ziwumthombo wobuhle, amandla nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Iphunga le-currant ehlathini alikwazi ukudideka nanoma yini enye. Uma uzizwa empilweni yakho, uzoyikhumbula kuze kube phakade. Amajikijolo, amaqabunga, amahlumela - konke kugcwele lephunga. Ngakho-ke, eRussia, le berry sekuyisikhathi eside ibizwa ngegama elithi "currant" (e-Old Church Slavonic, "iphunga elinamandla"). Ngaphezu kwephunga, lidumile ngezimfanelo zalo ezikhethekile ezikhethekile.
I-Currant ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko - abamnyama nabomvu. Owokuqala, njengoba uyazi, uqukethe izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo, kodwa ngokuqondene nezimfanelo zokunambitheka zomuthi ngamunye wezokwelapha. I-currant emhlophe iyinhlobo yezitshalo eziningi kakhulu, kodwa nokho, ngokubaluleka kwayo, akuyona neze ephansi "kwesihlobo" esibomvu.
Iwayini elihle - eliphekwe ngezandla zakhe. Enye yamajikijolo athandwayo okwenza isiphuzo i-currant emnyama. Emva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzothola ukwenza iwayini elenziwe nge-blackcurrant. I-Black Currant Wine: Uhlu Lwezingxube Ukwenza isiphuzo sewayini okuzenzelayo inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enzima.
Ukugqwala kungenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu neziyingozi ze-currants nama-gooseberries. Incazelo, ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa - sizokhuluma ngakho ngezansi. Ingozi yokugqwala Isitshalo esibulalayo siqala ukulahlekelwa amaqabunga, ikhwalithi lamajikijolo ayawohloka, futhi ukushisa kwamaqhwa kunciphisa. Izinqubo ze-shrub ze-metabolic ziphazanyiswa, i-photosynthesis, ukukhula kulahlekile, nokukhuphuka kwamanzi kuyanda.
Ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa konyaka, izihlahla ze-currant ngeke zikwazi ukusebenzisa amandla azo okugcwele okukhiqiza ukulimala okuningi. Futhi konke ngoba amajikijolo ahlanganiswe namagatsha okukhula konyaka odlule, okungengaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhipha konke okudala, okomile, okonakalisiwe, okuncintisana omunye komunye futhi okuphazamisa ukukhula kwezici ezintsha.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-black currant "Yadrenaya" yaziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Bred by abalimi base-Altai, lezi zihlukahlukene ngokushesha zizibiza ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa okukhulu, ukuvunwa okuhle kanye nobukhulu obukhulu bamajikijolo (kwakungenye yezinto zokuqala "ezinkulu" emhlabeni we-currant). I-Currant "Yadrenaya" iyaqhubeka ithandwa phakathi kwabalimi.
Iphunga le-Mealy (ngamanye amazwi, umlotha noma umlotha) yisifo esiwufungayo esibangelwa isikhunta esincane kakhulu esiphila enhlabathini - umyalelo we-powdery erysipelas noma i-erysiphoid. I-Currant ihlushwa yi-fungus. I-mealy idonsa ingxenye yesitshalo esingaphansi komhlabathi - amaqabunga, ama-petioles, amaqabunga, izithombo kanye namahlumela kulo nyaka, kanye nephuzu elikhulayo.
I-Currant iyi-shrub enamagatsha emndenini wokugcoba. Inqubo yokutshala nokunakekela amajikijolo kudinga ulwazi oluthile namakhono. Kulesi sihloko sizobuka indlela yokutshala ama-currants entwasahlobo, kanye nokunikeza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuqondisa isenzo. Lapho ukutshala Ukwindla kwasekuqaleni yisikhathi esihle sokutshala ama-currants, kusukela ebusika umhlabathi ozungeza amahlumela e-bush and thickens, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa okungcono kweberry.