Ukuqala kwekwindla - ukuphakama kokuvuna kwamakhowe. Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke umuntu othanda lo mkhiqizo ugijimela emahlathini ukuze aqoqe ibhasikidi eligcwele lamakhowe futhi alungiselele ebusika. Futhi lapha kuqala izinkinga zokuqala ezihlobene nendlela yokuhlukanisa i-mushroom edaywayo kusuka kumakhowa angenakudliwa - ukuze ungaphutha, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane ezibukekayo nokuthi yikuphi isikhathi sokuvuna. Qonda lokhu kuzosiza isihloko sethu.
Amakhomikhali edlayo
Amakhowe adla izinombolo ezinkulungwane eziningana. Sizokutshela kuphela abanye - labo abakhula ezindaweni zethu futhi bathandwa kakhulu.
Amakhowe amhlophe
Ukubhekwa njengamakhowe kuphakathi kwadume kakhulu. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-boletus noma imhlophe nje. Ukusabalalisa emahlathini lapho kukhona khona i-spruce, i-pin, i-oki, i-birch, nomhlabathi ihlanganiswe ne-moss noma i-lichen. I-boletus evuthiwe ine-cap efana nosayizi kusuka ku-7 ukuya ku-30 cm ububanzi.
Kunezibonelo eziphethe i-cap engaba ngu-50 cm. I-convex inomumo, futhi kubantu asebekhulile i-flat-convex enobuso obushelelezi noma obunamathele. Uma isimo sesimo sezulu sesomile isikhathi eside, isigqoko singase siphume. Ngalesi sikhathi, iba matte noma icwebe. Ngaphezulu kokuswakama kancane okumbozwe nge-mucus.
Sincoma ukuba sijwayelane nezinhlobo nezinzuzo ezizuzisayo ze-porcini amakhowe, futhi sifunde ukulungiselela amakhowe we-porcini ebusika.
Umbala we-fungus, noma kunalokho, ikhanda layo, kuncike ekutheni umuthi ukhula ngaphansi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwe-oki yi-hazelnut noma i-chestnut embala, ngaphansi kwesihlahla sephayini sinombala obomvu (onsundu), futhi kaningi ngaphansi kwe-aspen ne-birch kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esinobomvu obomvu.
Umbala kungenzeka ukuthi awufanelanga (imiphetho ilula kancane, noma umlenze omncane ubonakala umhlophe noma unomphuzi ophuzi). Isikhumba kunzima ukuhlukanisa nomswakama wamanzi, otholile (umongo) omhlophe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbala wesimo se-boletus sishintsha: ithola i-tint ephuzi, amafayili avela esakhiweni. Iphunga layo nokunambitheka kuyamnandi.
Isigqoko siqhubeka nomlenze omude, u-8-25 amasentimitha (ngokuvamile kaningi angaphezu kuka-12 cm). Ububanzi bemilenze cishe ngo-7 cm. Ngezinye izikhathi zifinyelela ku-10 cm ububanzi nokuningi. Ukuma kufana nomgqomo noma umlenze. Ku-borovik omdala ngokuvamile uthatha isimo se-cylindrical noma sanda / sinciphisa endaweni ephakathi.
Ividiyo: kanjani futhi kuphi ukukhetha amakhowe amhlophe Kungenzeka kube mhlophe, i-brownish, ngokuvamile ingabomvu noma i-shades elula ngaphezu kwekhanda. Ingxenyeni yangaphandle yomlenze ihlanganiswe nemhlophe noma ilula kancane kunezwi elijwayelekile lemivamisa yemilenze - ngokuvamile ibonakala kuphela engxenyeni engenhla.
Isikhathi sokuvuna se-boletus ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zendawo epholile siwela maphakathi noJuni kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Isivuno sokuvuna yingxenye yesibili ka-Agasti. Ezindaweni ezishisayo ungathola ukhunta ngo-May no-Okthoba. Ama-mushroom amhlophe angenziwa okuthosiwe, abilisiwe, omisiwe, asolwandle. Ama-boletus omisiwe angasetshenziswa njengendlela yokugqoka.
Kubalulekile! I-Boletus igcina umbala ngemuva kokuma futhi ithole ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele.
I-sub sub white
Umthwalo omhlophe noma owomile ungokwesihlobo sakwaSyroezhek. Kubonakala emaphethelweni azo zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu zamahlathi ezwekazi lase-Eurasian. Ngokuvamile likhula eduze kwe-birch, i-oki, i-beech, i-spruce, i-pin, i-aspen. I-podgazdki yabantu abadala inesithuthuthu esinamamitha angu-5-18 ububanzi. 
Ezilwaneni ezincane, liyi-convex, bese liba yi-concave ne-shaft. Ingqimba yalo yangaphandle imhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi igcwele izindawo eziphuzi noma ezibomvu ezibomvu. Uma kungabikho umswakama, i-cap iphinde iqhekeke. Amacwecwe ajwayelekile, ama-cream-colored, eduze kwesisekelo athola ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umlenze ufushane, amamitha angu-2-6, ububanzi - 1,5-3 amasentimitha, unciphise phezulu. Lipende ngombala, ngezinye izikhathi ngezindawo ezimnyama, kungase kube ne-bluish tint eduze ne-cap. Ingqimba yangaphakathi yinde kakhulu, imhlophe: ezitsheni ezincane ezinephunga elimnandi, kulabo abadala abanambitheka enhlanzi. Iyakuthanda ukugoba.
I-mushroom isetshenziselwa emva kokupheka kwemizuzu engu-15-20. Ukuze ukunambitheka kwe-podruzhdka kungcono, kufanele kube nosawoti ngesikhathi sokupheka. Futhi, i-fungus ingahle ifakwe, ifakwe noma ifakwe. Isikhathi sokuvuna - Agasti - Okthoba.
Ividiyo: i-podgruzdok emhlophe
I-Value
Ubizwa nangokuthi inkunzi, i-mushroom plakun, i-pig-broiler, i-whitefish encane, i-crook, i-cubar, i-cam, i-bogger, i-cow-cow. Ikhetha amahlathi e-coniferous and deciduous of the hemisphere, futhi iyakuthanda amahlathi e-birch.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana namakhowe adle njengama-boletus, volnushki, ama-raincoats, izinkomo, izimbongolo, amakhowe, ama-mushroom ase-aspen, ama-morels, ama-russules nama-mushroom.
Ngokuvamile, isigqoko siyi-8-12 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi sifinyelela ku-15. Ngombala ophuzi noma ophuzi okombala, ubuso bukhazimulayo futhi buncane. Ukubunjwa kwe-cap yezilwane ezincane kancane kancane kuguqulwa kube yipulazi, ne-notch encane phakathi nezindawo ezibonakala kahle emaphethelweni.
Ingqimba yangaphakathi le-fungus imhlophe, isibindi, iqala ukuthungatha emoyeni bese iba mnyama - ithokoza ubuhlungu futhi ishisayo, i-exudes iphunga elifana nephunga lamafutha ashubile. 
Umlenze we-Leg Valuya omhlophe, ngesimo se-cylinder noma umgqomo. Ubude bayo buyizingalo eziyisithupha kuya kwangu-12, ubukhulu bungaba ngu-3. Ngokuvame ukumbozwa izindawo ezinsundu, ngokuvamile kaningi ngezansi, kumakhowe avuthiwe akuyize futhi kukhululekile.
Ngasentshonalanga, iValui ibizwa ngokuthi amakhowe angenakutholakala. Endaweni yakithi, kubhekwa njengokungokwemvelo okudliwayo. Ngokuvamile udoti, ngezinye izikhathi olwandle, angadliwa abilisiwe. Umhluzi onenani kufanele uhlanganiswe.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuphuza i-mushroom kumele kuhlungwe noma kuphekwe futhi kuhlungwe. Le nqubo kusiza ukususa ukufutheka. Kungcono ukuvuna abesifazane abasha ngekhanda elingavulwa.
I-Oyster mushroom
I-Oyster mushroom, i-oyster, noma i-mushroom ye-oyster iyi-mushroom enkulu kakhulu enesicathulo esinebubanzi obuyi-5-15 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kuya kumamentimitha angu-30. Esikhathini esinqunyiwe, i-cap ifana ne-auricle enezingqimba ezinamahlombe. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umkhawulo uphendukela futhi uba yi-wavy. Ikhanda le-convex lezilwane ezincane kancane kancane liguqulwa libe yinto evulekile neyomngcwabo. 
Sikukwazisa ukuba ujwayele izindlela zokukhula amakhowe ama-oyster ekhaya ezikhwameni, kanye nezindlela zokubanda futhi ukomile amakhowe ama-oyster.
Ubuso bayo bubushelelezi, buhlaza, bungaba yi-wavy. Umbala ushintsho kusuka kumnyama omnyama noma obomvu kuya emgodini ompunga nge-purple hue lapho i-fungus iqala ukudala. I-saturation yombala iphinda idlulele, futhi i-cap iba yocwebezela, iluhlaza noma iluhlaza.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-mushroom ikhula emithini noma emigqumeni, umlenze wayo ubufushane, amamentimitha angu-2-5 ubude. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, likhulu, liqinile, liyi-cylindrical. Ngokuvamile ikhula eceleni kwekhanda noma ihlehlise kusukela kusikhungo sayo, ifakwe emhlophe. Kusuka phezulu kubushelelezi, kusuka phansi kancane uzizwa.
Esemncane, umongo unombala, unwebeka futhi unamafutha. Uma le ukhunta ikhula, iba yinyama, i-fibrous in structure. Iphunga layo aliqondakali kahle, ukunambitheka kuyamnandi, ngezinothi ze-anise. 
I-Oyster mushroom ikhula emahlathini owomile noma izihlahla ezinqabile (oki, birch, ash ash, aspen, willow). Isikhathi sokuvuna sisekwindla, kwezinye izindawo i-mushroom ayinyamalala kuze kube nguDisemba.
Kuthathwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla ngenxa yenani elincane lama-calories kanye nenani elikhulu lezakhi. Yidla kuphela ama-caps amakhowe amancane, ngoba imilenze inzima. Zibilisiwe, zithosiwe futhi zomisiwe.
Wolf
I-Wolf Cub ibizwa ngokuthi yi-volnyanka, i-Volzhanka, i-volvenka, i-volvynitsa, i-volminka, i-wave, i-rubella, idayi, ibilisa. Ikhula kuwo wonke amahlathi lapho kune-birch, ekwakheni i-mycorrhiza nomuthi.
I-cap inebubanzi bama-4-12 amasentimitha. Ekuqaleni liyi-convex, kamuva liba luhlaka, futhi inothi libonakala phakathi, ukuphezu kwalo kuhlale kugwetshiwe. Ubuso be-cap bugcwele i-villi eyindilinga, imijikelezo ekhulayo ekhulayo, isikhumba singaphansi kwe-mucus. 
Umbala we-cap unama-pink-pink, i-trick-pink, emnyama phakathi nendawo. Uma kungabikho umswakama, i-cap iba pink pink, ngezinye izikhathi cishe white.
Ingqimba yangaphakathi yenyama yomzimba izulu, imhlophe. Eduzane nesikhumba kune-tinge e-pinkish, futhi emlenzeni obomvu. I-fungus cishe ayikho iphunga, kodwa ukunambitheka kuyashisa-i-acrid, futhi ayibuki umbala ohlukile emoyeni.
Uyazi? Ngenxa yemimoya, into enjengejusi elimnandi liyisici. Ikwabiwa ngokuyinhloko kusuka kumacwecwe kanye ne-cap. Kuyingozi futhi ayishintshi umbala wayo omhlophe lapho uxhumane nomoya.
Umlenze kaVolnyanka unomzimba omncane futhi omfushane, kodwa unamandla. Ekude, kuba ngamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwangu-6 ububanzi obuyi-1-2 centimitha, obhalwe nge pink. Njengoba ikhunta ikhula, isikhumba sibonakala ngaphakathi komlenze wayo, umlenze ngokwawo ubheke phansi, futhi umbala wayo uguquka kumnyama ophuzi.
Ividiyo: amakhowe we-volushka Ngaphandle, ligcwele i-villi encane, ngezikhathi ezithile kungenzeka ibe emigodini, idonswe. Isikhathi sokuqoqa imimoya: ekupheleni kukaJuni-Okthoba. Kuneziqu eziningana zokuvuna: izinsuku zokugcina zikaJulayi, ekupheleni kuka-Agasti - izinsuku zokuqala zikaSepthemba. Amaqabunga angama-mushroom ayenziwe ngokomzimba: angafakwa usawoti futhi ashukela.
Ngamahlombe, amakhowe amancane amancane afaneleka kakhulu, angenawo ama-3-4 cm. Ngaphambi kokuvuna i-wolfberry ebusika, kumele ihlweliswe kahle futhi ifakwe emhlophe. Ama-fluff salted angadliwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-45-50.
I-bum yangempela
Le mushroom ibizwa ngokuthi i-gruzdem - emhlophe, eluhlaza noma emanzi. Ikhula kuwo wonke amahlathi lapho kukhona khona ama-birches: ayithola ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zaseRussia, eBelarus, esifundeni seVolga, e-Urals naseWestern Siberia. Akulula ukuthola i-dummy - ifihla kahle ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile. 
I-bonnet flat-convex ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iguqula ibe yombhobho, imiphetho yayo iyancipha futhi iyancipha. Ububanzi bayo buyi-5-20 cm. Igobolondo elingaphandle le-cap yikhumba elimhlophe elimhlophe-elimhlophe noma eliphuzi elinemikhakha ecashile.
Sincoma ukuthi sifunde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhowe ezikhona, yiziphi amakhowe awusizo, nokuthi ukuqoqa nokuvuna kanjani umthwalo omnyama, u-aspen nomhlophe.
Igcina ikhanda emlenzeni omncane ongenalutho wombala omhlophe noma ophuzi. Ubude bomlenze 3-7 amentimitha, ububanzi - 2-5. Ngaphandle kubushelelezi, kodwa ingaba nezindawo eziphuzi noma imigodi. Inyama kanye namanzi amhlophe ahlanzekile, aphunga iphunga lesithelo. Ukunambitheka kwe-pulp kubukhali, futhi ijusi - i-acrid. Ukuxhumana nomoya, umbala ushintsha umbala ube ophuzi ophuzi.
Ezindaweni ezibandayo baqoqa ubisi kusukela ngenyanga yesibili yehlobo kuze kube ngenyanga yokuqala ekwindla. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu - kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba. I-fungus iqala ukukhula kakhulu lapho izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke emhlabeni lifinyelela + ku-8-10 ° C - ngalesi sikhathi inani lokuvuna kwalo. 
Amakhowe omuncu angamakhowe adle ngokomzimba, ngakho-ke kufanele afakwe emanzini ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ukuze intukuthelo ibonakale, ngemuva kwalokho ingafakwa usawoti. Ulungele ukudla ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-40-50.
I-raincoat enkulu
Igama lesibili le-fungus - giant giant. Kubonakala sengathi ibhola elimhlophe noma iqanda elinamamitha angu-50 ububanzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbala wayo uguquka ube ophuzi futhi obomvu, futhi uqhekeka.
I-peel iyanyamalala, iveza ngaphakathi kombala omhlophe, ophenduka kancane ophuzi nohlaza, ungathatha umthunzi omuncu. Kukhona i-raincoat ekwindla ngasemaphethelweni amahlathi anqabile futhi ahlanganisiwe, emasimini, emasimini, emasimini.
I-golovach encane kuphela efanelekile, kanti inyama yayo ingakashintshi umbala. Ungadla fresh, ngemuva kokwelapha okushisa okuncane, kodwa ungayomisa, uwenze ube yizicucu ezincane. I-workpiece kufanele igcinwe ngosuku lokuqoqwa. 
Uyazi? I-Calvacin, into ephethe umphumela oncostatic, itholakala ku-giant glanadel. Futhi, le nto isetshenziswa njenge-hemostatic.
Imbuzi
Imbuzi noma i-lath iyi-mushroom ebulalayo ekhula emahlathini ephayini ehlotsheni elisezingeni elimuncu, elinomsoco nelomanzi. Itholakala emigwaqeni nasezikhungweni ze-peat. I-convex noma i-flat-convex ikhanda le-lattice enobubanzi obuyi-3-12 cm ngokukhula kwe-fungus kancane kancane iguqulwa ibe yiplanethi.
It uzizwa ubushelelezi futhi unamathela kuya touch. Lapho umswakama okwanele, i-peel ku-glitters ye-cap, futhi emswakama ophezulu itholakala nge-mucus. Umbala wawo unobomvu obomvu, obomvu obomvu, obomvu obomvu. Kuyinto enzima kakhulu noma engenakwenzeka ukususa isikhumba ku-cap.
Ngaphansi kwesikhumba kunomzimba obomvu, ophuzi ophuzi ophuzi noma ophuzi, okwenza kancane kancane ube yirabhu. Ngaphakathi komlenze obomvu, obomvu noma obomvu. Emoyeni, inyama iyabuyisa noma iphenduka i-pink, ukunambitheka kwayo kungabikho, noma ukunambitheka kancane kunambitheka. 
Ukuphakama komlenze wamasentimitha angu-4-10 ngobubanzi buka-1-2. Iqinile, i-cylindrical, ngezinye izikhathi igobile noma igxilile phansi, ibushelelezi kuya ethintweni, i-matte. Umbala ofanayo ne-cap, noma i-lighter ithoni, eduze kwesisekelo nge-yellowness.
Isikhathi sokuqoqa ingane siyi-Agasti-Septemba. Ingadliwa esisha (emva kwemizuzu engu-15 yokubilisa), kanye nosawoti kanye nosawoti.
Chanterelle
I-genus ye-fungi enjengomngcwabo, lapho ithola igama layo lesiLatin (i-cantharus). Ziyi-symbiotic enehlathi le-coniferous ne-deciduous.
Umzimba wezithelo zikaChanterelle unomzimba ophuzi, ophuzi noma obomvu, ongavamile ukuba umhlophe noma u-grey. I-cap enamahloni enomphetho ongenamathele kahle idlula emlenzeni omfushane omfushane. Ingxenye engaphakathi emhlophe noma ephuzi yomzimba wesithelo enephunga elithambile lezithelo ezomile emoyeni ngokuvamile ithola ithambo elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka. 
Kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, libomvu noma alishintshi umbala nhlobo. Esigabeni sama-chanterelles azikho amakhowe anobuthi, kodwa anezinwele eziningi eziyingozi emzimbeni wethu. Kukhona futhi i-chanterelle yamanga, engadliwayo. Ukuqoqa amakhowe ehlobo nasekwindla emva kwemvula yokuduma. Uthosiwe, ubilisiwe, usawoti, uwomisiwe futhi uqhwaqwe.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokuthi i-chanterelles ikhula kanjani nokuthi ungatholi kanjani amakhowe angamanga, ukuthi awusizo kangakanani, nokuthi ungamakhela kanjani futhi ukhiphe ama-chanterelles ekhaya.
Maslata
I-Oiler - uhlobo lwama-mushroom abulalayo, okuthiwa ngenxa ye-cap elula futhi enamafutha. Into eyinhloko ehlukanisa nabo emgodini ofanayo nesikhumba esinamathele nge-mucus, esingasuswa kalula, kanye nengxenyana ehlala egobolondo elivikelayo. Ziyi-symbiotic nezihlahla emahlathini okuthiwa yi-coniferous we-temperate zone ye-hemisphere yethu.
I-cap ye-oiler iyisicaba, i-flat-convex noma i-convex, ibushelelezi, inamathele futhi ilula kancane. Ingqimba yangaphakathi imhlophe noma iphuzi. Umbala wayo uguquka obomvu noma obomvu uma uxhumana nomoya. 
Umlenze ngaphandle kwamafutha, i-homogeneous noma i-grainy. Kusukela phezulu, ngaphansi kwe-bonnet, kungase kube khona indandatho kuwo, ushiye kwesinye isivikelo. Isikhathi sokuvuna siwela ngoJuni-Novemba. Ama-Butters adliwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, into esemqoka ukususa isikhumba kusuka kwesikrini ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Mokhovik
I-genus ye-fungi ebulalayo esuka e-oda elifanayo njenge-boletus. Bathanda ukukhula phakathi kwama-moss emahlathini ase-coniferous and deciduous, yingakho babe negama lawo. Isakazwe emazingeni aphansi asezikhungweni zombili.
I-Mokhovik ibukeka ngokuphawulekayo: i-cap yayo i-hemispherical, iphatheka kancane, iyomile, i-velvety kancane, futhi emswakama ophezulu ingase ibe yintamo. Ama-mushroom avuthiwe, aqhekeka - inyama emhlophe, ephuzi noma ebomvu ibonakala ngokuqhekeka.
Eziningi zezilwane, kuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuxhumana nomoya. Eziningi zezilwane zinomlenze omude, omncane, oqinile. Ngaphandle, ingahle ibe bushelelezi noma ifinyeleleke. 
I-Mokhovik ifakwe ngemibala enjalo: i-gray-yellow, i-yellow-brown, imnyama emnyama, i-red-yellow, i-yellow-brown, i-brown brown. Ukuqoqa amakhowe kusukela ehlobo kuya ekwindla. Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-boletus ziphekwe, zithosiwe, zomisiwe, zinosawoti futhi ziqoshiwe.
I-Boletus
Iqembu lezinhlobo zefungi ezivela ku-genus Lekcinum. Babonakala bengabonakali, ngamathoni abomvu. Kusuka egameni kusobala ukuthi i-boletus ikhula lapho kune-birch khona.
Isikhumba sabo sibukeka njengomsizi ophuziwe ompunga, obomvu noma obomvu. Ububanzi bayo buyingcosana - kusuka kumamitha angu-4 kuya ku-12. Igcina umthambo omude (kufika ku-12 cm) umlenze omncane wombala omhlophe noma ompunga. Ubuso be-stem bugcwele kakhulu amacwecwe amancane omnyama omnyama. 
Uhlaka lwangaphakathi luqinile, ngokulinganayo lube mhlophe. Ukusebenzisana nomoya, njengombuso, akuguquki umbala. Kwezinye izinhlobo zingase ziphenduke pink, hamba uhlaza, vula omnyama. Isikhathi sokuqoqa se-boletus ihlobo-ekwindla. Kudla nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ngokuvamile wormy.
I-Boletus
Elinye iqembu lezinhlobo zefungi elibizwa ngeLekcinum. Ngokungafani namakhowe we-boletus, abonakala ngokucacile kusuka kude kubonga elikhanyayo elibomvu-orange, umbala wamahlamvu ekwindla. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yembala ekwindla, futhi mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi zikhula ngaphansi kwe-aspens, amakhowe athola igama lawo.
Zitholakala endaweni yehlathi yezwekazi lase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Iqoqo elikhanyayo le-boletus le-orange-cap lihlala liqinile ngokuphakama okukhulu (kuze kufike ku-22 cm). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-hemisphere esuka ngaphansi ihamba, futhi ivela phezulu ingena, futhi i-cap iba yinto enemilenze. Isikhumba saso somile, kaningi sivelvet noma sizwa. Ngokuvamile, isikhumba sikhulu kunekhanda futhi sishaya kancane kuso emaphethelweni, sisuswa kabi kakhulu. Umbala nesakhiwo somlenze we-aspen kufana nalokho okwenziwe nge-boletus: ibuye ihlanganiswe nezilinganiso ezincane, kodwa okuningi kakhulu, okubanzi futhi okwenziwe ngendlela efanayo ne-mace.
Сверху, под шляпкой, находится пористый слой шириной 1-3 сантиметра: на нем практически нет чешуек, и он отличается цветом от общего окраса ножки. Внутренний слой плодового тела мясистый, упругий, плотный, в ножке волокнистый. На воздухе синеет, после чернеет.
Находят подосиновики под елью, дубом, березой, буком, осиной, ивой, тополем. Сезон сбора урожая - с лета по осень. Hlanganisa amakhowe yizinyosi eziwusizo kakhulu, zibhekwa ngisho ne-dietetic ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi. Amakhowe angasetshenziswa, aphekiwe, abilisiwe, ashunwe, ashunwe noma aqhwaqwe.
Ividiyo: amakhowe afisa amakhowe
Kubalulekile! Ukuze izinyoni ze-aspen zilahlekelwe umbala wazo, kuwanele ukuzinciphisa isixazululo sephesenti se-citric acid.
Okuningi
I-mushroom edliwayo engatholakala entwasahlobo emahlathini, amapaki, izingadi, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona umlilo eminyakeni emithathu noma emine edlule kule ndawo. Ukuqaphela le makhowa, i-mushroom engenalwazi ongenakukwazi ukuyithatha njengokudla.
Futhi akumangazi, ngoba ukubukeka akakho konke okukhangayo, futhi ngesimo kuyahluka kwamanye amakhowe. Esigabeni esincane sihlezi ngekhanda elibunjiwe noma elinamaqanda, isakhiwo sifana nesiponji esinomdlandla wonke ama-brown shades. Isikhumba singaba ngaphezu komlenze noma ngokuphambene nalokho.
I-tightly fastened on the stem ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuyihlukanisa, ngakho-ke ama-morels avame ukupheka noma aphethwe ngokuphelele zibe izingcezu ezincane. Bajabulela ukunambitheka kwamanzi okubabayo, okomnandi, kodwa hhayi okuphazamisayo. 
Esikhathini sokudla abangezela ngokucophelela, abomvu noma abomile bese beba powder. Ihlanganiswe izitsha eziningi. Ama-Morels aqoqwa entwasahlobo enhlobonhlobo yemvula emahlathini ase-coniferous nasezintabeni, ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi noma ubumba.
Russula
I-genus ye-fungal lamellar ekhula emahlathini axutshwe endaweni epholile. Ezilwaneni ezincane, le cap is spherical, hemispherical in shape noma efana nebheyili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, likhula futhi liba libala, lifakwe emasongweni, ngezinye izikhathi lixhumane.
Ingqikithi yayo ingahlanganiswa noma iqondile, imidwebo noma i-ribbed. Ububanzi be-cap ngu-4-10 amasentimitha. Kusenhla limbozwe isikhumba semibala ehlukene: eluhlaza, isitini, pink, pink-red, red-brown, white, yellow. 
Isiqu singumhlophe noma umbala we-cap, ama-3 kuya kwangu-12 amasentimitha ubude: emncane, inkulu futhi iqinile, kumakhowe amadala awukho. Ingqimba yangaphakathi imhlophe noma i-pink tinge, ingaba yinkinga, ibaba, i-acrid. Iphunga layo linomusa.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-russule ziyadliwa, kepha yilowo nalowo unezici zakhe zokupheka: ngenye ongenza noma yini, kanti ezinye zifanelekela ukukhethwa noma ukuma. Uma inyama ye-russula ishayela, ayiqiniseki neze. Ukubuthe ehlobo nasekwindla.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ukuthi yikuphi amakhowe okudliwayo futhi enobuthi, futhi nokufunda ukuthi ungabheka kanjani amakhowe ukuze uqiniseke usebenzisa izindlela ezithandwayo.
I-Redhead
Iqoqo lezinhlobo zefungi eziseMlechnik. Umehluko wabo omkhulu kwezinye amakhowe ezidliwayo ngumbala ogqamile (ophuzi-obomvu, obomvu-orange) womzimba wonke wesithelo, imibala efanayo ekhanyayo kanye nejusi elimhlophe. I-Ryzhik inombala wayo ocacile we-beta carotene equkethwe kuyo. 
Ukungena emzimbeni womuntu, lesi sakhi samakhemikhali siguqulwa sibe yi-vitamin A. Kunezinto eziningi ze-ascorbic acid, amavithamini weqembu B, nosawoti wamaminerali amakhowe, ngakho-ke kuyasiza kakhulu.
Kumuntu omdala we-mushroom cap ungafinyelela ububanzi bama-centimitha angu-15. Phakathi nendawo kukhona umgodi, futhi emaphethelweni ahlanganiswe kancane. Ukuthinta kubushelelezi, ngezinye izikhathi kunamathele.
I-Orange shades pulp enokuxhumana isikhathi eside nomoya iba luhlaza. It has ukunambitheka okubabayo futhi kancane, iphunga libuthakathaka, lutho kalula. Ubude bomlenze 7-9 amentimitha, okuyize, i-cylindrical. Uma ucindezela kuyo, iyoqhuma ngokushesha.
I-Ryzhiki iqala ukuvuthwa maphakathi noJulayi futhi ingabe yanyamalala kuze kube seqhwa. Ungabathola ngasenyakatho kwezemithi emahlathini ase-coniferous we-temperate zone ye-hemisphere yethu. Yidla othosiwe nosawoti.
Ividiyo: kanjani futhi kuphi ukuqoqa amakhowe
Uyazi? I-Ryzhiki ingakhuli futhi ivuthwe iyodwa - uma itholakala eyodwa noma amabili, itho ukuthi kusekhona ezincane kakhulu eziseduze.
Champignon ejwayelekile
I-champignon evamile, i-champignon yangempela noma i-caverica yi-mushroom edlawayo edumile ekhula phakathi kwezinsimu emapulazini, amapaki, amathuna: nomaphi lapho kunomhlabathi ocebile we-humus.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nobuchwepheshe bemiklamo ekhulayo ekhaya, mayelana nokuhlanza kahle lawa amakhowe, kuyini inzuzo yabo kanye nokulimala.
I-cap ye-pecheritsy ebubanzi buka-8-15 amasentimitha. Umoya wayo we-hemispherical uphenduka kancane kancane ube yindlala, bese ungena endlini. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, umkhawulo wesikhumba uncike kakhulu ngaphakathi. Ngokuvambile kumhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi nge-tinge e-brownish, eyomile, e-silky noma e-scale encane. 
Inyama iyanwebeka, imhlophe, ayishintshi umbala lapho ixhumana nomoya, ithokoza umnandi, inomsoco we-mushroom ophelile. Ubude bomlenze obude (5-9 cm) nobukhulu bama-1-2 centimitha, bushelelezi, bunganwetshwa phansi, kumhlophe. Emkhatsini womlenze yindandatho ebanzi. Isikhathi sokukhipha imifino - May-Okthoba. Ekudleni okufanelekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Inedible, amakhowe anobuthi
I-mushroom ingaba nonobuthi futhi ibangele ukugula okuncane. Kodwa kungcono ukuba uqaphele lapho udla amakhowe angajwayelekile. Futhi ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwamakhowe lungaphambi kwakho, funda kahle incazelo elandelayo yamanye ama-specimens anobuthi.
I-grebe yama-Pale
I-pale grebe, noma i-mushroom eluhlaza, i-mushroom enobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni. Kulula ukudideka nge-champignon, russula, greenfinch. Ngisho ingxenye yesine yefungus ibangela ubuthi obukhulu: ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, colic, ukoma njalo, nokuhuda kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Izinga lokunciphisa liyehla, ukucindezela kunciphisa, umuntu usekupheleni kokulahlekelwa ulwazi. I-grebe encane ifana neqanda elimhlophe, limbozwe phezulu ngefilimu evikelayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-fly agaric ikhishwa: i-cap ivuleka, ithole isimo se-hemispherical noma flat, umlenze uba mncane. 
Amaphethelo we-cap ahamba phambili, aphephile. Iqoshwe ngomnqumo, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obala. Umlenze ubude (8-16 cm), omncane (1-2.5 cm), i-cylindrical, yaqina kusukela ngezansi (ukuqina kubonakala njengesikhwama). Umbala womlenze unjengesiko noma umhlophe, mhlawumbe ngephethini ngendlela yamabala.
Ingqimba engaphakathi yomzimba wesithelo imhlophe, umbala awushintshi lapho uxhumane nomoya. Amanita ama-symbiotes anezihlahla ezinamathele (i-oak, beech, i-hazel), uthanda umhlaba ovundile. Itholakala emahlathini amancane noma ahlanganisiwe wezulu lesimo esiphezulu se-hemisphere yethu. Ivela ngomsindo noma ngamaqembu ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla.
Isitha sokuhlambalaza
I-fungus enobuthi ebangela ukucabangela, ukuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ngesikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kokungenisa. Ikhula ngamaqembu ezitsheni ezindala, zibole izihlahla emahlathini ase-coniferous nasezintabeni. Ingatholakala kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Ikhanda le-fox encane lincane, kuze kube ngu-5 cm, i-hemispherical. 
Udwezwe ngombala ophuzi obomvu obomvu noma o-orange. Umlenze uqondile, omncane (0.4-0.6 cm) futhi ubude (5-10 cm), ungenalutho ngaphakathi, futhi unesibindi esakhiweni. Umbala walo uhlanganiswe nombala we-cap. Ingqimba engaphakathi yomzimba wesithelo iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, elibabayo futhi eliphunga elimnandi.
Amanita obomvu
Leyo mushanga enobuthi kunzima ukudidanisa namanye - isicu esinomvu obomvu esinamabala amhlophe singabonwa kude. I-mushroom ikhula eduze ne-birch kanye ne-spruce emhlabathini owumile endaweni enomoya we-hemisphere yethu. Kubonakala ngo-Agasti, iyanyamalala ngo-Okthoba.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-amanitas zibukeka kanjani, kanye nezakhiwo eziwusizo zama-amanitas.
Ububanzi be-mushroom cap ngu-8-20 amentimitha. Ekuqaleni kuba yi-hemispherical, ngakho kuba flat and kancane concave. Amabala amhlophe afaka isikhumba esibomvu noma obomvu obomvu afana nama-flakes. Kusukela kumakhowe amadala ngokuvamile bahlanza imvula. 
Umlenze unomzimba omncane (1-2.5 cm ububanzi) futhi ubude (8-20 cm), ubujamo be-cylindrical, umbala omhlophe. Ngezansi kuhlanganisiwe, futhi phezulu nge "skirt." Emakhowe avuthiwe, isikhumba sibonakala esiteshini. Inyama imhlophe, eduze kwesikhumba kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluphuzi oluphuzi, iphunga layo lilula kancane.
Uyazi? Kusukela ekhulwini le-XIII, ukumnika kwamakhowe okusetshenziselwa ukubulala izinambuzane. Ngenxa yalokhu, amakhowe athola igama layo elingavamile.
Amanita amakhowe
Omunye ummeli we-genus Amanita. Njengomlingani wayo oqhakazile, une-bonnet enkulu (ububanzi buka-5-12 cm), ehlanganiswe ngama-flakes, nomlenze omncane omncane onomkhonto "engxenyeni engenhla."
Kodwa, ngokungafani ne-mushroom ebomvu, edwetshwe ngemibala elula kakhulu: i-gray gray, emhlophe emhlophe. Mhlawumbe nge touch of green. I-cap yayo enamafutha ibuye ishintshwe ukusuka e-hemispherical kuya ephahleni nge-notch encane kanye nomngcele omncane we-ribbed. 
Umlenze ugobile kuqala, bese uhanjiswa ube yi-cylindrical eyodwa: kusuka kumamitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-12 ubude, 1-2 cm ububanzi. Ngezansi kuhlanganiswe kancane, kuvele ukungabi nalutho ngaphakathi kuyo. Umbala wemilenze unombala ophuzi.
Inyama emhlophe ephethe i-tinge ephuzi iphuma iphunga elimnandi lamazambane aluhlaza, liyakuthandeka. I-Symbiocre amanita enezihlahla ze-coniferous ne-deciduous.
Uthanda inhlabathi enesihlabathi endaweni evulekile evulekile. Kutholakale cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi (ngaphandle kweNingizimu Melika). Esikhathini esivuthayo sitholakala phakathi no-Agasti futhi sihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Inani eliphakeme lokukhula liwela ngoSeptemba.
Amakhowe kaSathane
Igama lesibili lefungus ukugula kukaSathane. I-mushroom kaSathane, ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo, inomlenze okhanyayo, hhayi i-cap. Umbala wayo uhluka kusuka phezulu kuya phansi kusuka obomvu ophuzi kuze kube obunzima-obomvu ngokusebenzisa i-carmine- noma i-orange-red.
Emaphethelweni emilenze kukhona iphethini lemifino. Ifomu lakhe lingavamile: okokuqala li-ovoid noma eliyindilinga, ngemva kwalokho liba umgqomo. Isigqoko simhlophe esimhlophe, esingcolile noma esingcolile, mhlawumbe ngomthunzi omnqumo, ophuzi noma ophuzi obomvu. 
Ngendlela ye-hemisphere noma umcamelo. Kufungus ovuthwe, kugobile, isikhumba sibhebhezela noma sithandeka. I-pulp ye-bolt imhlophe noma i-yolk - lapho ihlangana nomoya iphenduka kancane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ebomvu. Iphunga alimnandi, ikakhulukazi kumakhowe avuthiwe, afana nephunga lokubola.
I-mushroom ikhula emahlathini alula, lapho kune-oki, i-beech, i-hornbeam, i-hazel, i-linden - nalezi zihlahla, i-symbiates. Ikhetha izindawo zenhlabathi zomlotha. Kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSeptemba eningizimu Yurophu, eningizimu yeRussia yaseRussia, eCaucasus, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nasePrimorsky Territory.
Kubalulekile! Ngisho negramu ye-fungus kaSathane ibangela ukugulisa isisu esinzima.
Unobuthi
I-poisonous (tiger, ingwe) yokudonsa iyinambuwa enobuthi ekhetha amahlathi e-coniferous and deciduous ngehlabathi lomlotha. Ingatholakala kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba.
Ukukhula, i-mushroom iguqula i-cap yayo kusukela ku-convex kuya ku-flat, iguqa. Umngcele ohlanganisiwe uhlala. Umbala awushintshi ngobudala: ungcolile mhlophe, isiliva-i-grey, i-brown-gray nge-bluish tint. 
Umlenze ubude obuyi-4-8 cm, no-1-3 cm ububanzi, umhlophe, ngaphandle kwesigxobo, obuncane obuncane phansi. Inyama imhlophe, eduze kwesikhumba nge-gray tinge, iphunga layo nokunambitheka kufana nokufulawa.
I-Entomoma inobuthi
Igama lesibili liyi-pink plate enobuthi. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-giant rose plate, i-entomine tin, i-entomoma ye-hemoplastic. Imushroom ayivamile. Ethanda amahlumela amancane ahlanzekile namahlathi ahlanganisiwe, amapaki ngobumba nomhlabathi we-limestone, uthanda ukushisa. Ungayithola kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba.
I-mushroom enkulu kunayo yonke: i-cap yayo ingafinyelela ngamamitha angu-25 ububanzi. Ubukhulu bayo obujwayelekile buyi-5-17 cm. Ezilwaneni ezincane, liyi-hemispherical noma liyi-conical, inqenqemeni ligcwele, linombala kusuka kumhlophe-ongcolile kuya ku-gray-ocher.
Njengoba ikhula, i-fungus ithola i-gray-brown, i-ashy hues kanye nesimo se-flat-convex noma esesigxile nge-edge ye-smooth, ngezinye izikhathi. Kungase kube nezinhlanzi ezincane phakathi nendawo. Ubuso bayo bubushelelezi, emswakama ophezulu uba mnandi, futhi uma umile ukhanya. 
Isiqu siyi-cylindrical, esincane (1-3.5 cm), amasentimitha angu-4-15 ubude, igobile esisekelweni futhi iqiniswe. Ekuqaleni liqinile ngaphakathi, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuba yisipanji. Umbala wayo omhlophe kancane kancane uguqula ocher ophuzi noma ompunga. Uma ucindezela emlenzeni, i-tint brownish ivela. Inyama ibinyene, imhlophe, ayishintshi umbala, ukunambitheka akujabulisi - iphunga lefulawa noma i-rancid.
Amathiphu awusizo
- Uma ungabaza, uhlobo luni lwe-mushroom oluphambi kwakho, kungcono ungayithathi.
- Ungazami ukunambitha amakhowe angajwayelekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhangayo kangakanani.
- Ngaphambi kokuya ehlathini, wazi kangcono izinhlobo zamakhowe kanye nezici zazo.
- Kungcono ukuhamba ukuzingela okuthulile ekuseni, kuze kube yilapho imisebe yelanga idala i-glare emhlabathini futhi amazolo ayomile.
- Ukuzingela, gqoka konke okunethezeka kakhulu futhi kulula. Thatha izesekeli ezidingekayo: ibhasikidi, ummese, ikhampasi, induku ende. Funda imithetho yokuma ehlathini.
- Ochwepheshe bathi kuyanconywa ukuthi ungayinqumanga i-mushroom, futhi uyiphambuke: ngale ndlela ugcina i-mycelium.
- Kungcono ukufaka amakhowe esikhwameni semilenze phansi. Uma i-mushroom ikhulu, khona-ke iyokwahlukaniswa. Ngaphambi kokufaka okutholakala ebhasikisini, hlambulula udoti.
- Kungcono ukuqoqa abasha.
- Hamba ngezinkuni kancane, ubuke ngokucophelela izinyawo zakho.
- Amakhowe avame ukukhula ngamaqembu amancane. Ukwaziswa, khona-ke endaweni okukhona kukhona okuningi.
- Amakhowe amasha athathwa ama-2-3 amahora. Ngakho-ke, ungahlali ehlathini futhi ngemuva kokubuya ekhaya, ngokushesha uphinde uvuselele isitshalo noma usibeke esiqandisini noma emgodini ukuze uhlehlise ukucubungula amahora ambalwa.
Uyazi? Ngo-1961, i-boletus itholakale e-USSR, enesisindo esingaphezu kuka-10 kg futhi inesihe esinebubanzi buka-58 cm.Ukuya ehlathini ngamakhowe kungaphelezelwa kuphela abaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi. Ngisho noma ungajwayele izinhlobo ezikhona zamakhowe, kukhona ithuba lokuzidibanisa nazo ezifanayo ezingafaneleki ukusetshenziswa. Kungcono ukuthi ungabe usengozini ngokwakho futhi.
