Ukusika kunamandla okuziqhenya masinyane, kanti izithombo ezikhula zivela kuzo zinezici ezifanayo kanye nezici ezinhlobonhlobo njengesihlahla somama. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu ukuhlanganiswa yiyona ndlela evame kakhulu yokutshala amagilebhisi. Ungakhetha kanjani ukusika okulungile? Isikhathi sokulungiselela Kungcono ukuvuna ama-cuttings ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla.
Isigaba I-Parthenocarpic ikhukhamba izinhlobo
Emakethe yanamuhla yambewu ikhukhamba, izimpahla eziningi kakhulu zivela, okuwumphumela wezithelo zabakhiqizi banamuhla. Wonke umuntu ujwayele imibhalo ejwayelekile yohlobo "oluhlukahlukene" noma "hybrid." Kodwa ngamanye ama-sachets ungathola inkulumo efana ne "Parthenocarpic hybrid", futhi abantu abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi leli gama lisho ukuthini.
Ekuqaleni kwenkathi, izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zifuna izinhlobo ezintsha zamakhukhamba ezingadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile futhi zizokwenza isivuno esiqinile. Kodwa kungase kuvele inkinga lapho kukhula lesi sitshalo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Phela, izinhlobo eziningi zamakhukhamba zidinga ukuvundiswa kwezinyosi ngezinyosi, nokuthi zingayenza kanjani endaweni evaliwe?
Kunzima ukuthola isitimu se-amateur esingeke senze amakhukhamba. Kodwa ngisho uyazi ukuthi impumelelo ekukhuleni lesi sitshalo sezitshalo incike ekukhethweni okulungile kwezinhlobo zezitshalo. Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile ibanga elifanelekile "Isibindi". Ikhukhamba "Isibindi F1": izici ze-varietal Incazelo yamakhukhamba "Isibindi" iqukethe ulwazi lokuthi lesi sitshalo sibonakala uhlobo lwesifazane lwezimbali.
Ukubaluleka kwama-ukhukhamba asekuqaleni kungukuthi izithelo ezakhiwe ngesikhathi esifushane azibabazi. Phakathi kwabalimi bemifino, imifino ye-ikhukhamba "i-Zozulya F1" ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bemifino. Eminyakeni engama-40 ekhona futhi ekhula izikhathi ezingu-100, kulungile ukuthembela kwabathengi. Cabanga ngezici zokutshala kwalo ku-greenhouse kanye nasensimini.
Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo eziningi zekhukhamba, iDutch, i-ikhukhamba elivuthiwe elivuthiwe negama elithakazelisayo elithi "Masha f1" lihlala endaweni ehamba phambili. Umlando wokuzala Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezivela kwamanye amazwe amakhukhamba "Masha f1" futhi uqonde yonke imininingwane yokulima, kufanele ubheke incazelo yayo eningiliziwe.
Namuhla, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-ikhukhamba zikhulu kangangokuthi izakhamuzi zasehlobo zigijime amehlo. Indawo efanelekile kulolu hlu olukhulu lusetshenziswa yi-hybrid enezithelo "I-Colonel yeqiniso", enomusa omuhle kakhulu futhi ehambisana nokusetshenziswa. Incazelo ye-Ikhukhamba "I-Colonel Yeqiniso" ehlukahlukene ingabhekiswa ezinhlameni eziphakathi nesikhathi esinezivuno eziphezulu futhi zinikeze incazelo elandelayo: Kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-45 emva kokuvela kwezithombo ezigcwele, baqala ukuthela izithelo, futhi izithelo zivuthwe ndawonye.
Naphezu kokuthi amakhokithi we "Taganai" ahlukahlukene akhululwe abalimi ngokusanda kutholakala, sebevele bakwazi ukwenza izintandokazi zabalimi abaningi nabanikazi bama-cottages ehlobo. Lezi zinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Ural zinkulu zokutshala emagcekeni endlu encane, ngoba ikuvumela ukuba uqoqe imiqulu emikhulu yesitshalo kusuka enombolweni encane yezihlahla.
Abalimi abaningi banesithakazelo ezitshalweni ezenza kube khona ukuvuna ngaphambi kokujwayelekile. Akukhathaleki uma ukhula utamatisi, ukhukhamba noma iminye imifino - isikhathi sokuqala sokuvuthwa noma isikhathi esiphezulu kuyoba yisiphikisana esinamandla ngokuqondene nomunye noma okunye okuhlukahlukene. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngama-ukhukhamba owodwa okuthakazelisayo, okuvumela ukuba uvune isivuno sokuqala ngesikhathi esifushane.
Naphezu kokuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zekhukhamba, abalimi abaningi badumisa amacici e-Emerald, okuyinto enencazelo enhle. Asiqonde ndawonye izici zalezi zihlukahlukene kanye nezinzuzo zayo phezu kwabanye. Isithombe nencazelo Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe zekhukhamba zinokubukeka okungakahleleki, kepha abalimi abanolwazi banamathela eminye imibala.
Ngezinye izikhathi ubukhulu bendawo yasemadolobheni abuvumeli ukunikeza isikhala esanele semibhede ngemifino ethandwa kakhulu njengamakhukhamba. Kulesi simo, umhlali wehlobo angasindisa ukulima kwezinhlobo eziphezulu ezinikezelayo "Isigqoko saseSiberia F1". Ukhukhamba lwekusasa: incazelo Kusuka ku-index F1 esihlokweni, kusobala ukuthi "i-garland yaseSiberia F1" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle samakhukhamba, udinga ukuthatha indlela enesibopho ekukhethweni kwezinhlobonhlobo. Zombili impova yizinyosi, futhi zizitholela impova. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zekhukhamba "Mvereng". Ake sihlolisise zonke izici zayo nobuchwepheshe obandayo. Incazelo yezinhlobo zekhukhamba "i-Meringue F1" iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene ye-hybrid self-pollinating ezihlotsheni zakudala ezakhiwe ngabalimi baseDutch.
Ukukhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezikhishwa ngamakhukhamba, ngokuvamile kunzima ukunquma ngenxa yokungabaza ekuvuneni, ukumelana nezifo, ukunambitheka izici kanye nokuhlelwa kwezici, ukulima, ukugcina. Kulesi sihloko sizocubungula yonke imibuzo ejabulisayo mayelana nekhukhamba ephakathi kwe-Ekol F1-enye yezingcono ezintsha zokukhetha.
I-"Cedric" ikhukhamba - i-parthenocarpic, okungukuthi, engadingi ukuvota impova, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuvula. Kunconywa ukuba sikhulume ku-greenhouse noma ngaphansi kwefilimu, nakuba ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile nakho akuvunyelwe. Lokhu kuyitshalo eliqinile elinomsoco, hhayi okuthakazelisayo ekunakekeleni. Incazelo Ukuhlukahluka kunezimpande ezihluthulelwe kanye nezithelo zokuvuthwa zakuqala.
Ukhukhamba seziyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwethu kwansuku zonke, lezi zitshalo zikhona etafuleni lethu cishe wonke unyaka wonke. Isihlala ngasinye sasehlobo sibakhula kakhulu emibhedeni yakhe noma ku-greenhouse. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ziyamangalisa futhi yenza ukuthi uzibuze ukuthi hlobo luni lokuthandayo lunikezwa.
Ngokuvamile, abalimi nabalimi babhekene nenkinga yokuthi yikuphi uhlobo lwekhukhamba lokukhetha ukutshala. Abantu abaningi baqondiswa ukukhetha iseluleko sabangane noma bamane nje bathanda imifino abayithandayo ekubukeni. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala, kufanele kubhekiswe ukunakekelwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene endaweni yendawo yezulu lapho kuhlelwe khona ukuthi itshalwe.
Ikhukhamba "i-spino" - i-hybrid kanye nokuvuthwa kokuqala kakhulu. Lolu hlobo aluphikisana nokuntuleka kokukhanya futhi luhloswe ukulima emaphethelweni amabili okuqala enhlabathi evikelwe. Umlando wokuzala Lolu hlobo lwadalwa ngabalimi baseDashi bevela "eqinile" iSyngenta. Bakha intsha ethembisayo phakathi kwemifino.
Ikhukhamba ngegama elingavamile nelithembisayo - "Wonke umuntu abe nomona we-f1" - iyintandokazi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasehlobo ezinokuhlangenwe nakho okungafani kwezimila ezikhulayo. Le hybrid inezinzuzo eziningi, phakathi kwazo, okuyiqiniso, isivuno esikhulu. Ngokwezibuyekezo zabalimi abanolwazi, inqubo yezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali iyathandeka ngobuhle, futhi inani lokuvuna lihlaba umxhwele ngempela - cabanga ngezici zalezi ukhukhamba kulesi sihloko.
Ikhukhamba - mhlawumbe enye yezithelo zemifino ethandekayo emhlabeni wonke. Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa okuluhlaza, njengengxenye yama-saladi ahlukahlukene, kanye nokukhethwa, ukukhetha kanye nokulondoloza. I-Zelentsy ingajabulisa iso kulo lonke ihlobo. Ababelethi bakhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene, okwaqeda ezinye izici zokukhubazeka kwamasiko futhi basebenzisa ezinye izimfanelo eziwusizo.
Izinhlamvu ze-partenocarpic zamakhukhamba zinenzuzo ecacile ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zemvelo esizisebenzisayo-azidingi impova. Yiqiniso, abalimi abadluli ngezinhlobo ezinjalo. Phakathi kwalezi nzalo zamakhukhamba abamele emakethe yethu, kwavela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuthi "Shosh F1", okwakhiwa yiboshi beRussia.
Imifino emisha njalo ivela etafuleni lethu, kodwa omunye "omthengi" endala kakhulu ikhukhamba. Namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Phakathi kwazo kukhona zakuqala, phakathi, ngasekupheleni, izitshalo ze-hybrid nezimila. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa nge-hybrid yokuqala "Paratunka F1".