I-Tunbergia ingokomndeni wakwa-Acanta. Kuyinto eminingi, futhi kuyo ingatholakala amafomu ama-shrub nama-liana. Kuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200, indawo yokuzalwa yaseTanbergia yizindawo ezishisayo zase-Afrika, eMadagascar nase-Asia eseningizimu. Uyazi? Leli gama labizwa ngegama lohlonishwayo wemvelo waseSweden nomhloli weJapane neNingizimu Afrika uKarl Peter Thunberg.
Isigaba Iphakathi
Izithelo ezimnandi, ezinobucayi noma eziluhlaza, ezicebile kakhulu, ezithinta ushukela sekuyisikhathi eside zibhekwa njengezithelo ezizithandayo kakhulu. Iphayitha iveza umuzwa wokugcwalisa, futhi u-pulp wayo ushukela nje emlonyeni wakho. Iningi lezinhlobo ze-pear liyaziwa, kepha enye yezinhlobonhlobo zezintandokazi yi-Lada pear ehlukahlukene. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezici ezikhethekile zokukhula kulokhu okuhlukahlukene, ngakho konke okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Lada.
Zonke izitshalo izitshalo zibhekene nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane, futhi amapheya azikho. Ungathathi nhlobo izindlela zokuvikela izihlahla okungenani ngokungenasici, njengoba lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo kuphela, kodwa wonke umuthi. Kule ndaba, abalimi bezinsizwa bakhathazekile kakhulu ngombuzo: "Yiziphi izinambuzane eziyingozi nokuthi iyiphi indlela okufanele isetshenziswe ukuze izinambuzane zepayari zisuke ziphuma emthini?"
Izithelo eziphakathi kwe-pear ziletha umuzwa we-saturation okusheshayo futhi zijabule nge ukunambitheka kwazo okumnandi futhi zenze iphunga elimnandi. Enye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo zamapheya "Nika", okuningi mayelana nokuthi sizoxoxa ngani kulesi sihloko. Incazelo ye-pear yebanga elithi "Nika" Ukuphakama kwesihlahla sezinhlobonhlobo "Nika" kuvamile, kanti izinga lokukhula ngokwalo lilinganiselwe.
Ukuphakamisa amapheya ensimini kubonisa ukuphela kwehlobo. Ungagcina ucezu lwayo ngokulungiselela lesi sithelo esishisayo ebusika. Amakhemikhali, amakhemikhali, ama-marmalades, ama-compotes, ama-syrups nezithelo ezifakwe emanzini, kanye nama-dessert ayenziwe nawo, azovusa izinsuku ezibandayo zasebusika nasebusuku. Pear jamu izindlela zokupheka Ukupheka for izikhonkwane eliphakathi kwebusika kukhona ezihlukahlukene, futhi cishe zonke zilungiswe ngaphandle inqubo eyingozi yokubulala inzalo.
Iphayari isithelo esihlwabusayo kakhulu futhi esinempilo esingasetshenziselwa kuphela uhlobo lwayo lwemvelo noma uhlobo lwezinhlamba, imishado, ama-marmalades, izithelo ezitshontshiwe, njll, kodwa futhi njengesithako esinikeza ukunambitheka okusha kokubili kokubili ama-dessert nama-saladi, isobho nezisekelo inyama nenhlanzi izitsha. Ezinye izinhlobo zamapheya zingagcinwa kahle kuze kube sekushiseni, kepha umbuzo wokuthi kufanele uvunwe kahle kanjani amapheya ebusika uhlala ufanelekile kwabaningi besifazane.
Ipeyari iyalinywa iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu. Endle, likhula kulo lonke elase-Eurasia kuze kufike kuma-degrees angu-60 enyakatho ye-latitude. Ososayensi baye baqaphela izikhungo ezimbili zasendulo zokuhlalisa izilwane zasendle - i-Ancient China ne-Asia Minor, kodwa indawo lapho kuqalelwa khona yayingaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Ukunambitheka okuthakazelisayo nezakhiwo ezinempilo kwenza i-pear eyodwa yezithelo ezithandayo kakhulu (kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5000 ezilinywa).
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-pear bekuyisihlahla somuthi esithandwa kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukutshala ikhasi elihlukahlukene elithi "Elena" ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi ujabulele izithelo zalo ezihlwabusayo. Izimpawu zamapheya ezihlukahlukene "Elena" Pear "Elena" kuyinto ezihlukahlukene ebusika zakuqala. Lesi yisihlahla esincane esifana nomkhiqizo we-pyramidal.
I-pear ithandwa ngabalimi ngenxa ye-pulp yayo ethakazelisayo nezithelo zamanzi, ukungathobeki kokulima kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo. Namuhla kukhona ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezikhathi zokuvuthwa ezihlukene eziphikisana nezifo nezimo zezulu - ukumelana kwamaqhwa, izinkathi ezomile. Ngenye yezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya - inkhulumo yeKokinskoy kulesi sihloko.
Amapheya, ikakhulukazi, izitshalo ezingenakuzithoba ezingadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile noma izimo ezikhulayo. Ngenxa yabalimi, abalimi banamuhla banethuba lokugcwalisa iziqoqo zabo zezihlahla zezithelo nezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ezifanele ukulima ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu. Umlando wezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-pears "I-Rogned" Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya "I-Rogned" yisithelo sabasebenzi baseRussia abasebenzayo.
Среди летних сортов груш самым ранним по праву считается груша Детская, которая к тому же отличается особенно сладким вкусом и хорошей урожайностью. По этой причине ниже мы подробно изучим особенности выращивания груши Детской, чтобы каждый садовод мог украсить ей свой участок. Umlando wokwakhiwa kwezingane ezihlukahlukene eziphakathi kwezilwane Izithombo zokuqala ezihlukahlukene ze-pear Izingane zitholakala emasimini ase-Russian-wonke eMoscow, lapho abakhiqizi baseYurophu basebenza kuyo.
Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlayiya zamapheya ezenziwe, phakathi kwazo lapho amazolo ka-Agasti ethatha indawo ehloniphekile. Wathandana nabalimi ukuzithoba nokuvuna okukhululekile. Yikuphi okunye okuphawulekayo okuphakathi kwe-Agasti amazolo, kanye nalokho incazelo yalo kanye nemithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa, esikuchaza ngezansi. I-pear Avgustovskaya idokodo: incazelo yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Avgustovskaya dew yavulwa ngo-2002 ngokudlula izinhlobonhlobo ze-Tenderness ne-Sucumph Pakgam yi-breeder odumile S.
Amapheya - okuthakazelisayo kakhulu, kanye nesithelo esihle kakhulu. Kusukela emaapula ajwayelekile avamile ahlukanisa ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga elimnandi. Ngokuvamile emasimini nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni kunezihlahla eziningi zama-apula kunezihlahla eziphakathi kwe-pear.Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zepey. Njengomthetho, zonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyafana kakhulu.
Ukutshala yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokulima. Uma kukhiqizwa ngokungalungile, isivuno esihle sizovuthwa isikhathi eside, noma, cishe kungenzeka, ungalindelanga ukuvuna nhlobo. Indlela yokukhetha isikhathi sokutshala? Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wokuqala uvela kumgadi wegadi oyifunayo ofuna ukutshala isihlahla: kungcono nini ukutshala ipey entwasahlobo?
Ngokuvamile, balimi babhekene nezifo ezihlukahlukene zezihlahla nezinambuzane. Omunye wabo uyi-mite yamapare, nokuthi angayibhekana kanjani nayo, sizoxoxa kulokhu kulesi sihloko. "Isitha" sibheka kanjani? Inkathazo inamanani amancane kakhulu - ubude bomuntu omdala kuphela ngu-0.18 mm kuphela. Izinambuzane zinombala omhlophe, ozofika ekwindla esikhundleni sabantu abomvu noma obomvu obukhanyayo.
Umonakalo wokugqwala kwe-fungal ujwayelene nabo bonke abalimi abanamapulazi abo abathandekayo babo. Lesi sifo asithathi nje kuphela ukubonakala kwesihlahla, kodwa futhi silimaza isitshalo. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngendlela yokuhlukanisa ukugqwala kwesola kwezinye izifo, ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani nokuthi uyayiphatha kanjani.
Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu abalimi abahlangana nazo lapho bekhula izihlahla ze-pear yi-moth yezinambuzane. Le nkathazo ikwazi ukushaya cishe yonke indawo yesitshalo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. I-pearheheet idinga izindlela ezisebenzayo, ezisheshayo, ezibaluleke kakhulu, nezindlela zokuphepha zezitshalo zokubhekana nazo.
Ukuxhunyelela i-stalk pear kuyindlela yokutshala izimbali ezithakazelisayo, ngosizo ongakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngayo ingadi yakho kanye nokudla kwakho, uthole ithuba lokususa izithelo ze-varietal eziphakathi kwe-pear noma eminye imithi. Ekugcineni, kungase kube nesifiso sokuzama into entsha. Izizathu zingase zihluke, kodwa akulimazi ukutadisha le mbono, ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi othakazelisayo wabalimi - ukugoma.
"I-Krasulya" iyinhlobonhlobo ye-pear ehlobo, ethandwa futhi ethandekayo phakathi kwabalimi ukuze banambithe izithelo nokungazitholi ekulimeni. Ngenxa yobulukhuni bawo obusika, i-pear ingakhula ezindaweni ezibandayo. Umlando wezinhlobonhlobo zezimapheya "Krasulya" Amapheya "Krasulya" - umkhiqizo womsebenzi wokuzalanisa usosayensi we-South Ural Scientific-Research Institute for Ukulima kanye namazambane,
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamahlobo zasehlobo "Petrovskaya" yavulwa ngo-1959 ngokudabuka inhlamvu. Isihlahla sinokuphakama okulinganiselwe nobukhulu bomqhele, amagxolo anesundu futhi ashelele. Amagatsha amakhulu atholakala esitokisini esiseduze ngakwesokudla. Amagatsha aphikisiwe, amalungiselelo abo ajwayelekile, aphezulu naphakathi. Izithelo zokukhiqiza - uhlobo oluxubekile.
I-pear ngumuthi omuhle ongabonakala kakhulu kunoma iyiphi insimu. Kodwa yini okufanele uyenze lapho umuthi othandekayo wonke umuntu ehlaselwa ngokungazelelwe ngesikhumba? Yini eyingozi futhi i-Scab ivelaphi-isifo esijwayelekile sofungal ngokuvamile esitholakala ezihlahleni zesimo sezulu esiphezulu. I-agent causative yesifo yi-marsupial mushroom Venturia pirina.