I-Tunbergia ingokomndeni wakwa-Acanta. Kuyinto eminingi, futhi kuyo ingatholakala amafomu ama-shrub nama-liana. Kuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200, indawo yokuzalwa yaseTanbergia yizindawo ezishisayo zase-Afrika, eMadagascar nase-Asia eseningizimu. Uyazi? Leli gama labizwa ngegama lohlonishwayo wemvelo waseSweden nomhloli weJapane neNingizimu Afrika uKarl Peter Thunberg.
Isigaba Ukulima
I-subspecies yama-broilers (noma iziphambano) ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zokuma kwenyama, okuthandwa kakhulu emapulazini avulekile nasemapulazini amakhulu. Izinzuzo zokuzalisa i-broiler zichazwa yisisindo sabo esisheshayo: ezinyangeni ezimbili umuntu ufika esisindo sokuhlambalaza. Ukukhula nokugcina iziphambano kunemibono ehlukile ekuzaleni izikhukhula ezivamile.
Izinkomo zokuzala (izinkunzi) ekhaya abaqalayo yibhizinisi elinenzuzo, njengoba kungenzeka ukunikeza imikhiqizo emndenini, kanye nezindleko zokuthengisa nokuzenzela inzuzo. Ukuqala kwabalimi ngephutha becabanga ukuthi izinkomo ezizalisayo zenyama njengebhizinisi inqubo eyinkinga futhi eyindleko. Kodwa ngokuhlelwa kahle nokuhambisana nezidingo zokunakekelwa, ibhizinisi lizokhula, lilethe imali engenayo.
Sekuyisikhathi eside inkomo eRussia ibizwa ngokuthi umhlengikazi wethambile, futhi umcebo womndeni wakuleli uzimisele ngenani lalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo. Kuningi okushintshile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa ukukhiqiza ukoma kwezimbuzi kuyisimboni esihamba phambili semfuyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphawula ubuhlanga obumnyama nabomhlophe, buye kwabiwa ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi ensimini yezwe lakithi, e-Ukraine naseMoldova.
I-Golshtinsky (Holstein-Friesian) izinkomo zohlobo lwezinyosi - enye ethandwa kakhulu futhi ethandwa emhlabeni. Ithole ukusakazwa okukhulu kunawo wonke e-USA, Canada, emazweni athile aseYurophu, kodwa manje ekhulile ngokugcwele kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Indaba yokuvela kohlobo lwe-Holstein Loluhlobo oluhle lunomlando othakazelisayo.
Izinkomo zeJersey, ezaziwa emhlabeni jikelele, ziyizifiso zephupho lomlimi lohlobo olukhululekile nolulutho. Ikhono layo linamandla kangangokuthi ngisho nasesimo sezulu esibi seRussia singabonakala senye yezinkomo zezilwane ezinobisi obuhle kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Umlando omfushane Lolu hlobo oludala lwavela esiqhingini saseNgilandi saseJersey eSingland Channel, esasinika igama.
Izinkomo ze-Aishirskoy zilungiswe ukuzalanisa enyakatho ekude. Lezi zilwane azibekezeli ukushisa futhi zingenza ngaphandle kokudla okunomsoco ocebile. Babhekwa njengokuvuthwa ngokobulili kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Umlando wokubeletha Ngesihlandlo sokuqala lezi zinhlobo zezinkomo zavela eScotland. Ngakho-ke, igama layo livela endlini yaseScottish Air.
Ukufana kwangaphandle kweProrusrus yaseRussia kusukela ezindabeni zomuntu kuya kumuntu ovuthiweyo ovela emhlambini womlimi wase-Austria noma waseBelgium kuchazwa ukuthi okhokho besizwe odumile eRussia naseYurophu badla emadlelweni anomsindo amaSwitzerland Alps. Umlando wesiqalo sohlobo Igama lomkhiqizo "Uhlobo lwe-Simmental" lusezinkoma kuphela ezixhunyaniswa nezinhlobo zezinhlobo zefa kanye ne-horned enkulu yase-Bernese e-Oberland.
Uma ukwenziwa kwepulazi kungukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yobisi, ukhetho lokugcinwa nokulinywa kweenkomo ezibomvu i-Red Steppe isisombululo esinengqondo futhi esisebenzayo. Esikhathini eside, cishe eminyakeni engu-200 yokuhlangenwe nakho ekuzaleni nasekusebenzeni kwe-zootechnical ngokuzalwa kuqinisekisa lokhu. Umlando we-Red Steppe breed Indawo yokuzalwa yohlobo yindawo engeningizimu ye-Ukraine.
Inyama evunyelwe ukuzenzela ibilokhu ibaluleke kakhulu kunomkhiqizo owathengiwe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yekhwalithi yayo ephakeme kanye nezinzuzo ezithinta impilo yabantu. Abalimi abazakhele ibhizinisi labo ekukhiqizeni inyama yenkomo, bakhetha ukhetho lwabo ngokuqondene nalabo bezinkomo, ezibhekwa izinga eliphezulu lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zezulu kanye nokukhiqiza okuhle.
Izinkomo zohlobo lwe-Yaroslavl zihlukaniswa nombala wazo omnyama. Ubisi lwabo lunomuthi ophezulu we-fat, ikhalori ephezulu. Ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni, imikhiqizo yobisi ephezulu yenziwa ubisi lwezinkomo ze-Yaroslavl: i-cottage shizi, ukhilimu omuncu, ushizi ... Umlando wezinkomo ze-Yaroslavl wenziwa eminyakeni eyi-XIX.
Ngelinye igama elithi "inkomo", abaningi bethu bacabanga ubuhle obumnyama nabomhlophe obubonakalayo ngobuningi obuhle obubushelelezi. Yileyo ndlela amahlathi asezintabeni - abameleli bohlobo, omunye wabathathu abadume kakhulu eRussia, kubonakala sengathi. Izinkomo ze-kholmogory zilungiswa ngokuvumelana nesimo sezulu esibandayo, futhi ubisi lwabo lunomthelela ophezulu we-fat nokunambitheka kakhulu.
Imbuzi ye-Zaanensky ngokudla ithatha indawo yokuqala phakathi kwezimila zobisi ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nokuvunwa okuhle. Indawo yokuzalwa yale ndawo iyindawo encane ebizwa ngeZaanen, e-Bernese Alps yaseSwitzerland. Lolu hlobo lwalethwa kwi-Paris World Exhibition ngo-1856. Cishe ngo-1905, izimbuzi ze-zaanensky zalethwa eRussia.
Izinkukhu zezinkukhu ze-hybrid - ama-broilers - ahluke ezinyoni ezincane ezivamile ezinamandla okuthuthukiswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko zokudla okuphansi nge-1 kg yenzuzo. Ukukhulela izinkukhu ze-broiler engadini kuyindawo enenzuzo. Bahlatshwa inyama ngemuva kokugcinwa izinyanga ezingu-2.5. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, isisindo senkukhu ngalesi sikhathi ngu-1.4-1.6 kg.
Isikhathi nesikhathi sokuphila komunogwaja kakhulu kuncike ezimweni zesilwane kanye nohlobo lokudla. Kodwa akuzona nje kuphela lezi zinto eziqunyiwe. Uhlobo ngalunye luba nezinombolo ezithile zokuphila. Umphumela wohlobo lokuphila kwanogwaja Ngokwemvelo, onogwaja abaphila kancane kunabo abahlotshaniswa nabo.
Izigwaca zinenani lokudla okunomsoco, futhi lokhu kusebenza enyameni yalezi zinyoni ezincane kanye namaqanda azo anamabha. Kubonakala ukuthi ukukhulela ekhaya kulula, kodwa okokuqala sidinga ikhala, esizozama ukuyichaza. Amakheji ama-quail angasetshenziswa, awenziwe nge-plywood ngisho nangeplastiki, ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kwezindlu zezigwaca kufanele kuthathwe ngokucophelela, ngokuyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni okunethezeka kwezinyoni ezincane.
Kungani ukuzalisa izigwaca unyaka ngamunye kuyaba yinto ethandwa kakhulu? Ngoba ngezindleko eziphansi zamaqanda ezigwaca kanye nokushesha okusheshayo kwabantu abadala, lokhu kungenye yezindawo ezinenzuzo kakhulu zokulima kwezilwane zasekhaya. Sizokukhuluma ngokuthi singathenga kanjani, sikhule futhi sigcine kahle lezi zimemezelo zabafowethu abaphethwe ngamaphephozi esihlokweni sethu.