Ama-raspberries angenye yezihlahla ezidumile kakhulu zezithelo ezingadini zethu. Amajikijolo amnandi, anojusi athandwa yibo bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala, futhi ujamu we-raspberry usisiza siphume ebusika obubandayo. Ukuze ama-raspberries athokozise umlimi ngesivuno esicebile sezithelo esimnandi esiphundu, amajikijolo kumele anakekelwe. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zokunakekela isivuno esincike kuzo ukuthenwa okufanele kwama-raspberry.
Ukuthena okusajingijolo
Ama-raspberry yi-shrub yezithelo zisetshenziswa ezinhlamvu zawo ezinomjikelezo weminyaka emibili wokukhula. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ihlumela elincane likhula, amagatsha futhi lalela izimbali zezimbali. Ngonyaka wesibili, uthela izithelo, futhi isihlahla sikhula ihlumela elisha elisha. Ukuze amajikijolo abe makhulu futhi amnandi, futhi lesi sitshalo ukuthi sihlaselwe izilokazane nezifo, ama-raspberries adinga ukunakekelwa. Ukunisela okwanele nokondla okufanele kuyizindlela ezidingekayo, kepha njengasikho esinye isitshalo, ama-raspberries adinga ukuthenwa. Uma amahlumela engagawulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isihlahla sikhula kakhulu, ihlumela elincane alitholi ukukhanya okwanele nezakhi zomzimba futhi, ngenxa yalokho, alikhulisi kahle futhi lifaka inani elanele lezithelo eziqhakazayo. Amajikijolo ngasikhathi sinye awagcini nje amancane, kodwa futhi abe enganambitheki.
Ukuthena okulungile kwama-raspberries kuyisihluthulelo sesivuno esihle
Izihlahla ezijikijolo zigawulwa ngezikhathi eziningana ngenkathi yokukhula - entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla. Indlela ngayinye inenhloso ethile, ngakho-ke izindlela zokutshala azifani.
Ividiyo: unquma kanjani ama-raspberries
Ama-raspberries wokuthena we-Autumn
Ukuthenwa kwe-Autumn kwenziwa ngaphandle kokulinda isimo sezulu esibandayo. Isikhathi esihle salokhu kusebenzisa isonto ngemuva kokuvunwa. Ama-raspberry asheshe abunyuzwa, kuzokhanywa amahlumela amancane nokudla okunempilo, futhi isivuno sonyaka olandelayo sincike ngqo kuso. Zonke amahlumela ahlanjululwe asikwa ama-secateurs eduze komhlaba ngangokunokwenzeka. Iqiniso ngukuthi kuma-stumps, uma engasuswa, izinambuzane eziyingozi zingahlala, kepha lokhu akunakugwenywa. Ngenhloso efanayo, wonke amagatsha aphukile noma athintekile ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ayasuswa.
Abalimi abaningi batusa ekwindla ukuthi bangasusi kuphela amahlumela aneminyaka emibili, kodwa futhi amahlumela amancane ngokweqile. Mhlawumbe, ezindaweni ezinobusika obufudumele, lesi seluleko siyangqondo, kodwa ezimweni zezulu ezinobunzima kungcono ukushiya wonke amahlumela amasha kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Isihlahla esiminyene singamelana kangcono nesithwathwa bese sihlephuza iqhwa. Ebusika, kuyalulekwa ukubopha izihlahla nge-twine bese ugoba phansi - ngakho-ke isitshalo sizothola ngokushesha eqhweni futhi ngeke sikhulule.
Ngokuthena ekwindla, wonke amahlumela konyaka owedlule ayasuswa
Ama-raspberries okuthena entwasahlobo
Ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, ama-raspberries entwasahlobo ayalungiswa. Kuboshwe futhi kugxiliwe, amahlumela akhululekile futhi ahlolwe. Onke amagatsha aqandisiwe futhi aphukile kufanele asuswe. Ngasikhathi sinye, okutsaliwe okugqinsiwe kuhlutshiwe. Uma ama-raspberries etshalwe ezihlahleni, khona-ke amahlumela angama-7000 asele kwisitshalo ngasinye. Amagatsha Amancanyana futhi abuthakathaka asikwe emhlabathini.
Ngesikhathi sokuthena kwentwasahlobo, amahlumela ngokweqile asuswa bese izihloko zamahlumela zifinyeziwe
Uma ama-raspberries etshalwe ngemigqa, khona-ke phakathi kokuhlumela okucishe kusondele ibanga kufanele kube yi-10-15 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa engaphansi kwamamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Ukutshala okuvame kakhulu okutshaliwe, yilanga kanye nezakhi zomzimba izitshalo ezizokuthola, futhi amajikijolo amakhulu futhi abe mnandi.
Entwasahlobo, udinga ukufinyeza amahlumela ukuze ukuphakama kwawo kungangeqi amamitha owodwa nesigamu. Izihloko zinqunywa ezinso ezinempilo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kunikeze umfutho ekukhuleni kwamahlumela, lapho kuzovela amajikijolo ehlobo elizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane noma amagciwane zihlala zicasha eziqongweni zamahlumela, ngakho-ke lokhu kuthenwa nakho kungokwesimo sokucoceka.
Fushisa amahlumela ngesikhathi sokuthena kwentwasahlobo
Imvamisa abalimi ukuze bandise isikhathi sokuzala kwama-raspberries baya kumaqhinga. Ngesikhathi sokuthena kwentwasahlobo, banciphisa amahlumela ngobude obahlukahlukene - abanye ngama-10 cm, abanye ngamasentimitha angama-20, kanti abanye babengu-30. Ngenxa yalokho, amajikijolo avuthwa kuqala emagatsheni amade kakhulu, bese kuba kulawo amafushane futhi ekugcineni kuma-low-cut. Isivuno, ngokuthena okunjalo, ngeke sibe nobungane, kepha izithelo zihlala kuze kube ukuwa.
Izihlahla raspberries ehlobo
Ukuthola isivuno esihle, ama-raspberries kufanele anakekelwe ihlobo lonke. Uma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezihlahla kunezibonakaliso zezifo, ikakhulukazi ezingamagciwane, okunzima ukuzisusa, amahlumela athintekile kumele asuswe masinyane, asike ngaphansi kwempande. Amagatsha aphukile kanye neziqongo ezomile nazo ziyagawulwa. Kuyadingeka ukususa amahlumela ngokweqile, okuthatha amandla futhi kuqinise okusajingijolo. Uma ungayihlehlisi le nqubo kuze kube ukuwa, ihlumela ngeke libe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi ngeke kube nzima ukulisusa.
Uma ama-raspberry okuthenwa enziwa kahle - ukuvuna amajikijolo amakhulu ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside
Phinda usebenzise ama-raspberries ngokusho kweSbolev
Abalimi abaningi basebenzise ngempumelelo ama-raspberries othenwe kabili, ngokusho kwendlela yeSbolev. Sika ngale ndlela, ama-raspberries anokubonakala kwesihlahla.
Umphumela wokutshala okuphindwe kabili:
- ukukha amajikijolo okuhlala isikhathi eside;
- isivuno esikhuphukayo ngenxa yamahlumela amaningi aseceleni;
- okunempilo, okuhlelwe kahle okusajingijolo amahlathi.
Ividiyo: imigomo yama-raspberries othenwe kabili
Ukuthenwa kokuqala ngokusho kweSbolev kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho amahlumela amasha ama-raspberries efika ku-80-100 cm. Iziqongo zisikwa ngo-10-15 cm, okucasulayo ukuvela kwamahlumela amancane kusuka kumacembe amaqabunga. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle nendawo eyanele, ukukhula okuvela kamuva kukhula ngo-40-50 cm ngokuwa.Ngakho lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona isivuno sonyaka olandelayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungalibali ukuthatha izihlahla zokuqala, uma kungenjalo amahlumela amasha ngeke abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa futhi afe ebusika.
Ukuthenwa kwesibili ngokusho kweSbolev kwenziwa entwasahlobo yonyaka wesibili futhi kubalulekile. Ngaphandle kokulinda amaqabunga ukuqhakaza, amahlumela aseceleni afushaniswa ngo-10-15 cm, odonsa isihlahla ekuqubekeni kwamagatsha amasha. Avela ezinhlamvwini zamaqabunga bese kuthi ezinye ezincane ezimbili zakhiwe ohlotsheni olulodwa. Uma uqaphela isikhathi sokuthena, khona-ke ama-ovari avela kuzo zonke amahlumela asohlangothini. Ukuthenwa kwe-Autumn kuleli cala akuhlukile kunokwejwayelekile - zonke amahlumela lapho isivuno sivunwa khona, kanye namagatsha anesifo futhi aphukile, ayasuswa. Lokho nje ukukwenza masisha emva kokuvuna, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuwa. Uma ususa ngokushesha amahlumela we-seedling, ihlumela elincane lizothola isikhala esithe xaxa, ukukhanya kanye nezakhi zomzimba futhi libe nesikhathi sokuguqula sibe ngamasethi anamandla ngaphambi kokuwa.
Njengomphumela we-raspberries othenwe kabili, isivuno sanda kaningana
Ngokuthenwa okuphindwe kabili kwama-raspberries, isihlahla sikhula sibanzi. Uma ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lilincane, khona-ke ukutshala kuzoqina, bese lokhu kuholela ekusakazweni kwezifo kanye nokwehla kwesivuno. Ngakho-ke, lapho uqala ukutshala ama-raspberries, kubalulekile ukucubungula ezinye izindlela zokuthena.
Izihlahla raspberry okusajingijolo
Ukutshala kokulungisa izinhlobo zomjikijolo kunezinzuzo zako nokubi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuthola kusuka ehlathini elilodwa izilimo ezimbili ngonyaka - ehlobo nasekwindla, okwesibili, ekwindla kube buthakathaka. Akunamajikijolo amaningi kangako, futhi ikhwalithi ngeke ibe ngaphezu kwezithelo ezincane, ezomisiwe akunakwenzeka ukujabulisa umlimi. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bakhula esizeni sabo kanye nama-raspberries ajwayelekile, nokulungiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlobo zokulungisa zivunyelwe ukuthela izithelo kanye kuphela - ekwindla. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuthena okulungile.
Ukulungisa izinhlobonhlobo, i-fruiting livela kokubili amahlumela waminyaka yonke nakwabo abaneminyaka emibili. Ukuvuna isivuno esisodwa esihle ngoSepthemba, ama-raspberries asikwa ngokuphelele ekwindla. Zonke amahlumela zinqunywa ngama-secateurs abukhali asondele emhlabathini, kusale ama-stumps hhayi aphakeme kuno-3 cm.
Ukuthola isivuno esihle, izinhlobo zokulungisa zigawulwa ngokuphelele ekwindla
Izihlahla kwenziwa kangcono ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugeleza okuphelele kwezitshalo kunciphisa, futhi izihlahla zikubekezelela kahle ukusebenza. Ukunakekela ukuthenwa okunjalo kulula kakhulu - asikho isidingo sokugoba amahlumela emhlabathini, futhi mancane amathuba okuba nezifo nezinambuzane. Uma ngesizathu esithile kwakungeke kwenzeke ukunciphisa ama-raspberry asekwindla, ungadlulisa ukuthenwa kwentwasahlobo. Ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuzodingeka anqume wonke amahlumela.
Ehlobo, izihloko zezithombo ezikhulayo zingafushaniswa ukukhuthaza ukubonakala kwamagatsha aseceleni. Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nangama-raspberry ajwayelekile.
Ukhula lwenhlabathi olusikiwe
Ukuthwalwa kwentwasahlobo kokuthenwa kwezihlahla, ungasika ngesikhathi esisodwa okusajingijolo. Izimbambo zisikwa kahle kusuka ihlumela elincane.
Ukulandelana kwezimpawu ze-cutways:
- Enzalweni inqume ingxenye yehlumela ngamaqabunga ama-3-4.
- Susa amaqabunga aphansi, ushiye amaqabunga amabili aphezulu.
- Izicucu ze-cuttings zicwilise endaweni yesisombululo seKornevin noma i-heteroauxin amahora angu-14-16.
- Sika izihlahla esikoleni esinenhlabathi evundile evundile ne-moisten.
- Esikoleni, faka ama-arc bese umboza nge-agrofiber.
Kuyadingeka ukugcina umswakama ku-greenhouse - ukufafaza nokunisela ukusikeka ngesikhathi. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3-4, ama-cuttings aqala izimpande bese eqala ukukhula. NgoSepthemba, izihlahla ezikhulile zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo noma zihlehlise lo mcimbi kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo.
Izithombo ezisikiwe ezinsipheni ze-raspberries ezikhule ekwindla zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukusika kwe-rooting eluhlaza kuyindlela elula nethembekile yokusabalalisa ama-raspberries. Amahlumela asuka kalula, futhi ezitshalweni ezincane zonke izimfanelo ezihlukile zesihlahla sikamama ziyagcinwa.
Ukuthena ama-raspberries kuyindaba elula futhi akuthathi isikhathi esiningi. Kodwa-ke, le yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekelweni, ngaphandle kwayo i-raspberry ikhula ngokushesha futhi iphenduke izilo zasendle ezingenakudlula. Awungethembeli esivunweni esihle ngokutshalwa okunjalo. Kuyafaneleka ukwenza umzamo omncane futhi ama-raspberries azobonga umphathi wensimu ngamajikijolo amakhulu, amnandi futhi amaningi.
