Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esifudumele nesimnandi, isifunda saseKaliningrad sinemifino nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, ezihlukahlukene. Kunezintaba ezinhle, amahlathi, ama-steppes, ama-reserve, kunezilwane ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe zikhula. Kodwa-ke, lapho uqoqa amakhowe, okuthiwa "ukuzingela okuthulile", udinga ukunakekelwa ngokukhethekile, ngoba isimo sezulu asijabuli nje kuphela izinhlobo ezidliwayo, kodwa futhi lezo ezingavumelekile neze ukudla. Kubalulekile ukutadisha kusengaphambili izici zabo zokuziphatha ukuze ungaphambuki ngemuva kwalokho.
Amakhomikhali edlayo
Isikhathi sama-mushroom esifundeni saseKaliningrad sinezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kusukela ngo-Ephreli futhi siphela ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaNovemba. Lapha, amakhowe akhula cishe yonke indawo - ayengena ehlathini, ngoba umbhangqwana ungatholakala ngisho nasensimu yabo.
Kunezindawo ezine eziyinhloko kule ndawo lapho kutholakala khona iziqu ezikhethekile "zezipho zehlathi":
- Intaba yaseNeman, ehlanganisa imboni yaseSlavskoye, izingxenye zehlathi zase-Illichivsk nasePolesskoe. Lesi sifundazwe sibhekene nobukhona be-podzolic, i-peaty, i-marsh ne-silt-marshy nenhlabathi, lapho i-alder emnyama ihlala khona ngobuningi.
- Amahlathi aseBaltic namaRussia, ahluke enhlabathini enhlabathi. Kanye nemimoya evamile evela olwandle, zakha izimo ezifanele zokukhula kwefungi. Ezimweni eziningi, ungahlangabezana nephayini. I-birch ne-black alder ikhula ezindaweni eziphansi, ngezikhathi ezithile ungathola oak, umlotha nophondo.
- Esinye isifunda, ikakhulukazi esihle kakhulu ekukhuleni kwefungi, kubhekwa njengeziqhingi zamahlathi aseNesterovsky kanye namahlathi aseKrasnoznamensk, ahlukaniswa nezinsiza ezihlukahlukene. Endaweni yeNesterovsky ibuswa indawo enezintaba eziningi. I-Pine ikhula kahle emhlabathini. Ama-spruce kanye namahlathi anqabile ahluma ezweni elihle.
- Izifunda ezisele zihlanganisa indawo yesine, ecebile emahlathini ase-spruce-birch. Lapha, i-hornbeam, umlotha nomuthi we-oki zivame kakhulu, futhi i-alder emnyama ikhula ezindaweni eziphansi.
Amakhowe ahlukaniswe abe yizidlo ezidliwayo, ezidliwayo futhi ezingenakulungiswa, kanye nobuthi obunobuthi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezingenakwenzeka ezingenakwenzeka njalo ukuba zithole ubuthi; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amakhowe ezidliwayo, imithetho yemibuthano, ukuthengwa noma ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphuliwe, kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo.
Ayikho umehluko ocacile phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidliwayo nezinobuthi. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo eziningi ezinobuthi - isibonelo, amanita - kunzima ukudideka nabanye.
Uyazi? E-Italy akuvunyelwe ukuqoqa ama-boletus ehlathini ngokuzimela. Ukuze "uzingele" i-fungus emhlophe, udinga ukuthola imvume ekhethekile eziphathimandla zendawo.
Uphawu olucacile kakhulu lwe-toadstool kanye ne-toadstools kuba khona kwe-volvo, izinsalela zegobolondo yangaphandle, lapho esemncane ihlanganisa wonke umzimba, bese ibumba "potty" lapho isitshalo sikhula khona. Amakhowe afanele ukusetshenziswa, isakhiwo esihlukile se-cap, kodwa iningi lalawo angenakulinganiswa, li-lamellar. 
Kubalulekile! Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinobuthi, isakhiwo se-spongy se-cap sinamakhowa a-satani kuphela, afana ne-boletus. Kodwa ukuhlukanisa okuvela ebhokisini kuyinto elula - i-mushroom enobuthi enekhanda elimhlophe, hhayi elibomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye engaphakathi yomlenze inombala obomvu noma obomvu, futhi inyama enqunyiwe ijika ngokuphuzile.
Esigodini saseKaliningrad ungathola inamba enkulu yamakhowe, kokubili yendabuko nokuqala. Zisetshenziselwa ukupheka isobho, izitsha zangasese, ama-appetizers, ama-saladi, ama-sauces. Amakhowe afisa, ubilise, isobho, omile, ukhukhamba, wenze zonke izinhlobo zamalungiselelo ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisetshenziselwa ukuphulukiswa kwabantu ukuphathwa nokwelashwa kwezifo eziningi.
Amakhowe amhlophe
UCep, ungumuntu oyedwa kakhulu othandekayo futhi odumile phakathi kwabantu. Wathola udumo olukhulu hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokubonakala kwakhe okubonakalayo, okwenziwe kahle, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokudla kwakhe okuhle kakhulu. I-Borovik ihluke ngobukhulu obukhulu: i-cap ifika ku-25-30 cm ububanzi, umlenze usinyene, uqiniswe kusuka ngezansi. 
Umbala we-cap uzoxhomeka endaweni okhulayo ngayo. Emahlathini e-birch, isigqoko sinombala obomvu okhanyayo, emahlathini asephayini ithola ithambo elibomvu, emahlathini asePruyrus - obomvu obomvu. Inyama iqine, ilula, imhlophe, ayishintshi umbala wayo uma inqunywe.
Zijwayeze ngezinhlobo nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zamakhowe amhlophe, futhi ufunde ukulungisa amakhowe amhlophe ebusika.
Indawo ekhululekile kakhulu yamafungulu amhlophe yi-birch, amahlathi ephayini namahlathi ase-spruce.
Okuvamile bushelelezi
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamahlathi ahlanganisiwe esifundeni saseKaliningrad, esivumelana nokuphila okubushelelezi. Iqoqo labo liqala kusukela ngenyanga eledlule yehlobo kuze ku-Okthoba. I-Smoothys ingabonwa ngombala obomvu ompunga we-cap. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, amasongo asekhanda ayanyamalala, futhi uba obomvu obomvu. 
Umlenze ubude futhi obuncane, uqine phansi noma phakathi. Umzimba omhlophe unzima futhi unesibindi; uma ucindezelwe, kukhishwa i-acrid juice, ephenduka iphuzi ekuthintaneni nomoya. Ama-smoothie angcono ekukhethweni. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kwalokhu badinga ukungena emanzini anosawoti bese ubilisa.
Abomhlophe abamhlophe bamnyama
I-Milkworms iqoqwa ngokulangazela kuphela eRussia - eNtshonalanga ihlukaniswa njengengenakutholakala. Kodwa-ke, ngokupheka okufanele (ikakhulukazi i-salting), amakhowe amakhosi ayidli kuphela, kodwa futhi ayinambitha. Esikhathini saseKaliningrad, zitholakala yonke indawo: ku-birch, i-pin, amahlathi ase-spruce, kuma-glades, emaphethelweni ehlathi, njll.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhowe amakhowe akhona, ukuthi awusizo kanjani, nokuthi uqoqa kanjani futhi uvunwe amakhowe amnyama, ase-aspen.
Amakhowe omhlophe amhlopheIzinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-moori zimhlophe futhi zimnyama.
- Isici esihlukile sabamhlophe ngumbala omhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi umbala we-cap ophethe ama-specks amancane namasongo ahlukile. Thepha ku-8 cm ububanzi. Amakhowe afushane, aqinile, akhula ngamaqembu. I-pulp ine-dense structure, lapho icindezelwe, ijusi elimnandi lihlukanisiwe, eliphenduka ophuzi emoyeni.
- Ubumnyama obumnyama noma obumnyama yisici salmon omnyama. Ngesinye isikhathi nazo zibizwa nge-chernushki. Umlenze ufushane, i-cap inamaphethelo aphihliwe kancane, amacwecwe angumbala ohlaza ongcolile. Izintandokazi olwenzeka endaweni Chernushkas - amahlathi okuxubile. Zingatholakala futhi emaqabungeni amadala, ama-mosses, ngaphansi kwamagatsha.
Amakhowe amnyama omnyama amnandi ngesimo saline; ngakho zingagcinwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu.Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokulondoloza amakhowe amabi amnyama amnyama, kumele agwetshwe okungenani izinsuku ezintathu, bese abilisiwe.
Zelenushka
Indawo enhle kakhulu yokukhula kwe-greenfinches yimihlathi yama-pine eyomile, lapho ihlala khona imindeni yonke. Baqala ukuqoqa ekupheleni kwenkathi yamakhowe ekwindla. Zinegama labo ngenxa yombala ophuzi obomvu we-cap - lo mbala ugcinwa ngisho nangesikhathi ukwelashwa kokushisa.
I-Zelenushka ine-pulp elincane, elincane elinombala omhlophe, elizophenduka libe liphuzi ngokushesha. Ngaphansi kwe-cap kukhona amapulethi amancane ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. I-Zelenushki Kunconywa ukuba ubilise, gazinga noma u-pickle. Into esemqoka - ngaphambi kokupheka kudinga ukuhlungwa 
Imbuzi
Imbuzi iyi-fungus embi, okuyinto ngesikhathi esifanayo inezinambitheka ezimnandi kakhulu. I-Cap enobubanzi obuyi-4-12 cm inebala elibomvu elikhanyayo elibomvu. Emaqenjini abasha, kuthatha isakhiwo esizungezile, kamuva sizungeze ngokuphelele, sibe yindlala.
Umlenze - omncane, obomvu, wombala ofanayo ne-cap. Ngesikhathi sesimo sezulu lembuzi ihlanganiswe nengqimba encane ye-mucus, okwenza kubonakale kungathandeki nakakhulu. Inyama iminyene futhi inephunga elimnandi.
Izimbuzi kufanele zifunwe ezindaweni ezinogwadule, ezindaweni ezimanzi, emahlathini anamanzi angaphansi kwamapayipi. Ekudleni kufanele usebenzise amakhowe amancane. Kunconywa ukuba gazinga, ubilise, ukhuphe noma ume. 
Chanterelle
Ama-chanterelles amancane, aqhakazile futhi amahle ahlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, acwebile kanye nephayini, ema-glades anotshani noma ama-moss. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo okuphawulekayo, kunzima ukudidanisa nezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe.
Cishe uzoba nesithakazelo ekufundeni ukuthi i-chanterelles ikhulela nokuthi ungayitholi amakhowe angamanga, ukuthi awusizo kangakanani, nokuthi angabhala kanjani futhi ahambise ama-chanterelles ekhaya.
I-Chanterelles ibhekwa ngendwangu efana nomngcwabo, i-wavy, ehlanganiswe ngamapulethi afane ne-fan ngezansi, nomlenze omncane kuze kube ngu-12 cm ubude. Unombala okhanyayo, ophuzi nelaphuzi. Inyama isinyene, ijubane, igcina i-freshness isikhathi eside futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, i-wormy.
I-Chanterelles inambitha efanayo namakhowe nama-porcini amakhowe. Ziyisiphuzo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo: okuthosiwe, abilisiwe, okuphekwe, okufakwe emathisini. Ngokuvamile baba yithuluzi yokwelashwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. 
Maslata
Amafutha angatholakala cishe yonke indawo: emahlathini, ama-glades, emaphethelweni, emasimini, ezindleleni, phakathi kohlaza. Isivuno sokuqala siqoqwa ngabathengi bamakhowe ngesikhathi sokuvuna kwephayini, okwesibili - yizimbali ze-linden. Nokho, isivuno esiphezulu sibonakala ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
I-Maslata inesihluthulelo se-shades ehlukene, kuye ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala: kusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokugqamile kuya obomvu obomvu. Ububanzi be-2-10 cm. Uhlaka olungezansi, olubekwe ngaphansi kwekhanda, luhlanganiswe nefilimu elimhlophe, eliphinde laguqulwa libe yindandatho. Inyama inomusa, iphuzi, inephunga elimnandi namanothi ezithelo.
Ama-Maslata ayaziswa ngokuzwakala kwawo okuhle, ngenxa yokuthi asetshenziselwa ukupheka. Zingapheka futhi zithosiwe, zifakwe ekhethiwe futhi zifakwe emathisini. Ubhotela obilisiwe obisiwe ebisi unambitheka kakhulu. 
Mokhovik
Ku-CIS, izinhlobo ezingu-7 zezinundu zivamile; I-green and yellow-brown (i-chestnut) ivame kakhulu kule ndawo. Indawo yokuhlala - indawo enhlabathini, ama-coniferous amahlathi, izihlahla zemithi ehlotshisiwe, emaphethelweni, emadlelweni.
- I-Green Moss ihlukaniswe isisindo esikhulu (3-12 cm), isikhwama esincane se-convex sama-green shades noma omnqumo omzimba, esembozwe ngezikali ezincane ezivela phezulu. Umlenze uqonde, ubude, kancane ukhula phezulu. Inyama imhlophe.
- I-chestnut flywheel Unombala obomvu, ushokoledi noma umbala obomvu, i-bonnet enesisindo futhi enamafutha anezikali, umlenze we-cylindrical wesakhiwo esiqinile nombala ophuzi. Inyama iphuzi.
Kuzo zombili izilwane, inyama enqunyiwe ithola isicu se-bluish, kodwa lokhu akuwona uphawu lweengozi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-mokhovikov enobuthi noma amakhowe afana nawo ayikho. I-Mokhoviki inezinambitheka ezimnandi, ezisetshenziselwa ukukhethisa, ukomisa, u-salting. Ukuphatheka kahle ngokushisa, ukudoba noma ukupheka.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqoqa ama-boletus, kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ngokucophelela ukuthi amakhowe awazange afakwe isikhunta. Kuyingozi empilweni.
Isithandwa sehlobo sasehlobo
Inzuzo enkulu yalolu phiko ukuthi ikhula emindenini, amaqembu amakhulu. Amakhowe asehlobo - noma amakhowe ase-linden, njengoba ebizwa nangokuthi - ahlelwe ngezinkuni nezihlahla ezibolile.
Isibungu sinesayizi encane; i-cap ifika ku-3-6 cm, inomfanekiso wokuthutha nge-tubercle phakathi, lapho umjikelezo obonakala khona kusimo sezulu esimanzi. Umlenze uphansi, kuze kube ngu-7 cm ubude, engxenyeni engenhla ukukhanya, okubushelelezi, okunezikali ezingezansi. It is ring ring ngesimo skirt, okuyinto kungahle ziphele kamuva. 
I-honeycomb yase-Autumn
Amakhowe we-autumn amakhulu ngobukhulu. Umlenze wabo ungafinyelela ku-10 cm, futhi i-cap ku-girth ifika ku-17 cm. Isisekelo saso sigcwele uhlaka lwesilinganiso. Ngaphansi kwengubo ngokwalo ingubo, umbala omhlophe nomngcele ophuzi.
Umbala we-honeycomb uxhomeke kuhlobo lomuthi lapho ahlala khona: i-oki ibomvu, i-poplar iphuzi ngunyosi, i-pin ibomvu obomvu. 
Funda kabanzi ngamakhowe adlekayo njengama-boletus, izingane, amakhowe ama-boletus, amakhowe ase-aspen, amakhowe ama-greenfinch, i-parsley, ama-mushroom amakhowe, amakhowe.
I-Boletus
Phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-viburnum, ngesikhathi se-haymaking, abaqoqi be-mushroom bahamba befuna ama-boletus ekhula kakhulu ezindaweni ezivulekile, emaphethelweni ehlathi, emaphethelweni ensimu nasemahlathini e-birch.
I-Boletus ihluke ngobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu: i-cap ingafinyelela ku-15 cm, umlenze ubude, obunzima, obugcwele izilinganiso ezimnyama. Kukhona amakhowe ombala omhlophe, ophuzi noma obomvu. Ama-boletus amakhowe afaneleka ekukhethweni. Zomile, zithosiwe noma ziphekwe. 
I-Boletus
Kulula ukubona i-boletus ye-orange-cap ehlathini. Ihlukaniswe ngesikhwama esikhulu esikhulu esine-orange, emnyama noma emhlophe, futhi nangomlenze osindayo nangomude, sinyanyiswe phansi, lapho ubuso bawo bugcwele khona izikali. Uma kunqunywe, inyama iyabhakabhaka. Ukutshala amakhowe ukukhetha ukuhlala emahlathini axutshwe, ama-birch nama-blueberries.
Uyazi? Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-mushroom "ekhuluma" igama litholakala ngenxa yendawo yokukhula, futhi ngenxa yombala we-cap, ofana nombala emaqabungeni ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, ingatholakali kuphela ngaphansi kwe-aspens, kodwa futhi emaphethelweni ehlathi, emasimini e-forest, glades.
Iqoqo le-Aspen liqala ngoJulayi futhi liphela ngeqhwa lokuqala. Lawa amakhowe asetshenziselwa ukupheka isobho, ama-stews, afakwa emifino. Futhi ikhethiwe futhi yomisiwe.
Abalimi be-mushroom bazoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ngalokho amakhowe adle akhula ekwindla.
Amakhowe asePoland
I-Chestnut mokhovik eyaziwa esifundeni saseKaliningrad ngaphansi kwegama elithi "mushroom yasePoland". Indawo oyithandayo yendawo yayo yimihlathi yamapayipi enexhaphozi, ama-conifers, amahlathi emithi. Ingatholakala futhi enhlabathini enhlabathi.
I-mushroom yasePoland ine-chestnut eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emnyama noma umbala omnyama omnyama onesikhumba esingahlukanisi. Ngemuva kwemvula, i-cap iyaqina futhi iyashesha kuze kuthinte. Umlenze unobuso obunamathele omthunzi ophuzi nesakhiwo esiqinile. Uma kunqunywe, inyama iyaphenduka okwesibhakabhaka. 
Njengoba i-chestnut flywheel ine-ukunambitheka okumnandi, ifaneleka kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokucubungula: ama-pickle, i-pickling, i-frying, njll.
I-Redhead
I-Ryzhiki, nakuba engenawo "ukubukeka" okuphawulekayo, yayithandwa ngabathengi abaningi be-mushroom ngokunambitheka kwabo okuyingqayizivele. Ukuqoqa ezindaweni eziphakanyisiwe phakathi kwezihlahla zemithi yamapayipi ne-spruce, kusukela ngo-Agasti. I-Ginger ihluke umbala okhanyayo we-orange kanye nokuba khona kwama-blotches aluhlaza ku-cap.
Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde ukuthi amakhowe awudli nobuthi obuthakathaka, nokuthi ufunde kanjani ukuhlola amakhowe ukuze uqiniseke ngezindlela ezidumile.I-mushroom stem nayo i-orange. Ubukhulu be-cap buhluka kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-17 cm, futhi kubamele abasha banikezelwa phezulu, futhi kulabadala baba nemigodi eqondiswe ngqo. Ama-hoog asetshenziselwa ukunambisa nokuhamba, kodwa indlela engcono kakhulu yokuluma.
Isihlalo somkhumbi
I-redbird noma, njengalokho abantu bakubiza ngokuthi, i-plantain iyi-mushroom ekhulayo emahlathini axutshwe nama-birch, emigwaqweni, emigwaqweni. Izici zayo ezihlukile: ijaji eliqinile, elibomvu neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 4-10 cm ngamasongo, umbala ofanayo nomlenze omncane, inyama enomzimba, ukukhulula isobho semifino uma ucindezelwe.
Uyazi? Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3000 zama-mushroom we-cap, okuphakathi kwazo okungenani ezingu-400 ezifanele ukusetshenziswa.I-Cherry ikhula ngamaqembu, ngokuvamile imizimba yabo ikhule kancane ndawonye. Lolu hlobo lufanelekile kuphela ukuthola i-salting. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathrekhi ahlukahlukene wezokwelapha namafutha asuka kuwo.
Russula
URussula wayebizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi ezinye zezinhlobo zazo zingadliwa eziluhlaza. Amakhowe ahlukaniswa nemibala ehlukahlukene: ikhanda labo liyakwazi ukuthola yonke imibala yocingo. Kodwa umlenze unomhlophe futhi unamandla.
Lapho usemncane, i-cap is convex, ihlanganiswe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba yindlala noma imisebe. I-pulp isinyene, i-spongy, i-white at the cut. I-Russulae ihlala ezindaweni ezinomkhumbi e-spruce-pine, emahlathini amnyama. Bakhula ngamacembu, bangafihli enotshini noma emaqabunga, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthola ngisho nabakhulethi bamakhowe abanolwazi.
Noma kunjalo, azithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esincane. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkathazo zinomuncu obabayo, ovuthayo, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokupheka kumele kufakwe emanzini abandayo izinsuku ezimbili. 
Inedible, amakhowe anobuthi
Ingozi eyinhloko yamakhowe angenakulungiswa futhi anobuthi ukuthi ikwazi ukuzifihla ngobuciko njengezinhlobo ezithile ezidliwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze angabi yisisulu sobuthakathaka, umuntu kufanele afunde ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidliwayo nezingafanelekile.
I-grebe yama-Pale
I-pale toadstool - eyingozi kakhulu phakathi kwamakhowe anobuthi. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuphelelwa ukukhubazeka, bese sekufa. I-fungus encane ingaba neyothuthukisa abantu abadala abane.
Ukucushwa kwe-cap kuyinto hemisphere, kodwa esemncane inomjikelezo owengeziwe, isimo esifane neqanda. I-cap enobubanzi obuyi-5-15 cm, inombala womnqumo (ingahluka kusuka ezimhlophe kuze kube yimfucuza), ubuso bufiphaza emaphethelweni ashelelayo. Umlenze omncane - cishe u-2.5 cm, onobuso obumhlophe be-scaly. 
Inyama ishaqeka, isineke, imhlophe imbala, nge ukunambitheka hlangothi kanye iphunga kancane, kodwa engathandeki. Отличительная черта бледной поганки - наличие широкой вольвы у основания ножки.
Kubalulekile! Основная опасность поганки в том, что человеку становится дурно только после того, как яды начали действовать. Umuntu ubhekene nezinkinga zomzimba, ubuhlungu bomzimba, isifo sohudo, ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, isimo sesiguli singathuthuka, kepha lokhu kungukuthula okungamanga, lapho izinso nesibindi kubhujiswa khona.
I-Gall mushroom
Ngokuvamile, imfucumfucu yengulube itholakala emahlathini ase-coniferous nasezintabeni, emhlabathini onobuthi ovuthiwe. Ngaphandle, kufana ne-mushroom emhlophe, kodwa ingabonwa kalula ngephethini eliyingqayizivele le-mesh elisezingeni. 
I-cap inesimo se-hemispherical, ingafinyelela ubukhulu besuka ku-4 kuya ku-15 cm; Ubuso bayo bunomile, kancane kancane, esimweni sezulu esimanzi sithinta. Umbala we-cap uhlukile: kusuka obala ophuzi kuze kube mnyama. Umlenze ubude futhi buncane, u-cylindrical, uvimba phansi.
Inyama imhlophe, nge-pink cut, ine-ukunambitheka okumuncu okumnandi, akuyona into embi futhi ayinayo iphunga elizwakalayo. Izimpawu zobuthi ngenxa yalesi senyama zifana nokudla i-toadstool noma u-fungus we-satanic. Kulaba asebekhulile, amacala angu-85% we-poisoning aphela ekufeni.
Amanita obomvu
U-Amanita - ummeleli obala kakhulu kunawo wonke amakhowe anobuthi, okuyinto enzima ukudidanisa nabanye. I-cap yayo ebomvu ye-hemisphrical cap inebala elimhlophe. Umlenze osindayo, omfushane futhi obunzima. I-fly agaric ikhula ngokuyinhloko emhlabathini onobuthi, emahlathini ahlanganisiwe. 
Ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-mushroom ebomvu akubangelwa ukufa, kodwa kuholela ekubukeni kwezindlebe, ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kanye nombono. Ngokukhipha okuncane okuvela ku-fungus kusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ekukhiqizeni izidakamizwa ezinomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala, umphumela wokulwa nomdlavuza.
Sincoma ukuthi sifunde ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-toadstools zibukeka kanjani, kanye nezakhiwo eziwusizo ze-agarics fly.
Amanita amakhowe
Okuncane okucacile, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwesifo esinesihlungu, yisihlobo esiseduze se-mushroom ebomvu - i-mushroom amakhowe. Izici zalo ezihlukile zibhekwa njengombala obala omonti ophuzi kanye nobunzima obukhulu, obuhlanzekile, obuthakathaka ekuqaleni, bese kuthiwa i-cap, egcwele ama-flakes amakhulu kakhulu. 
Isiqu sisekude isikhathi eside, kuze kube ngu-12 cm, esimweni sesigxili, sinyanyiswe ekugcineni ngemifantu engaphezulu kwendandatho. Inyama ithambile, ikhululekile, nephunga lamazambane kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo, okungathandeki.
Izimpawu ze-fungal poisoning zifana nobuthi obomvu: ukuphefumula, ukucabangela, ukuhlanza kwenzeke, futhi ukuxubana, ukucabangela, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi kungathuthuka ngokugxila kokubuthi.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze ngencazelo yesikhunta esinjalo esingenakulinganiswa, njengezinyosi zezinyosi, ama-boletus amanga, amakhowe kaSathane, izinyosi zezinyosi, i-pedal toadstool.
Amakhowe kaSathane
Amakhowe kaSathane abukeka afana nomhlophe. Itholakala emahlathini axutshwe futhi azinzile ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi wokubala. Kungcono kakhulu ngobukhulu: i-cap ifinyelela ku-8-20 cm, umlenze ufike ku-15 cm high, futhi ububanzi bufinyelela ku-10 cm. 
Imibala ye-Cap isukela kusuka ekhanda elimhlophe ukuze iholele. Umlenze uvunguza, unesimo se-tuber. Inyama ihlukaniswe ngotshani ophuzi; lapho kunqunywa, ithola umbala obala okwesibhakabhaka.
Umehluko emkhatsini we-fungus kaSathane nomhlophe ubukhona emlenzeni wesigcawu somnqumo noma umbala obomvu. Futhi kusukela ku-fungus kuyiphunga elimnandi. I-fungus kaSathane, lapho idliwe, iveza ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa, iyathinta isibindi nesipere.
Champignon amanga
Isici esivelele se-champignon yamanga iyiphunga elimnandi eliphikisanayo elimnandi noma elimnandi lika-carbolic acid. I-cap isemhlophe, ine-basebushelelezi enezilinganiso ezincane. Inyama imhlophe, kodwa uma icindezelekile ephuzi. Amakhowe amhlophe amanga aqina, aqiniswe ngesisekelo.
Uma kunqunywe, inyama yomlenze iphenduka iphuzi, kancane kancane iphenduka i-orange, bese ibomvu. Lapho upheka ama-mushroom angamanga, iphunga elimangalisayo liyakhula, futhi amanzi aphenduka ophuzi.
Kubalulekile! Ngisho nokupheka isikhathi eside, ubuthi obuvela ku-fungus abuhambi. Emva kwamahora amabili kuphela emva kokudla i-champignon yamanga, kunezibonakaliso eziqhakazile zobuthi: ukuhlanza, i-nausea, isifo sohudo.
Izindawo zokudlalwa emasimini esifundeni saseKaliningrad
I "Mushroom Hunt" esifundeni saseKaliningrad iqala kusukela ngo-Ephreli futhi iphetha ngama frosts okuqala.
Ukuze umkhankaso wamakhowe uphumelele, kufanele wazi "izindawo ze-mushroom":
- amakhowe Ngokuvamile kungatholakala ezindaweni zamabhizinisi asehlathini laseCuronian naseBaltic, eduze kwedolobha laseNesterov, esifundeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifunda, ihlathi laseNovoderevensky, iBolshie Gorki, ihlathi laseBolshakovsky;
- izindawo ozithandayo ama-chanterelles yizilwandle kanye nomakhelwane wePovarovka;
- Zelenushkas Abaqoqi be-mushroom bafuna ukuzungeze izintundane ku-Curonian Spit;
- ekufuneni bhala ungaya emgqeni waseBaltic, Kumachevo, Kruglovo, uhambele izindawo eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga - ihlathi laseLadushkinsky, iChertov Most, u-Ushakovo;
- ukufeza iphupho lamakhethi amakhowe futhi uthole ukuhlanza okukhulu borovikov, ungaya emzaneni iKosmodemyanskaya, Big Village, ehlathini lamaSoviet; Indawo ezungeze iLish Vishtynetskoye nayo ibhekwa njengendawo enhle yamakhowe amhlophe.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphandle kokuhlukile, zonke izinhlobo zefungi zikhetha izimo ezamukelekayo zokukhula. Uma amahlathi emnyama, amakhowe kufanele afunwe emaqenjini amancane, emaphethelweni ehlathi, eduze kwemigwaqo; Uma kukhona ukukhanyisa okuningi, kufanele uqondise usesho ezindaweni ezimnyama. Ngomswakama ngokweqile, amakhowe azohambela ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi uma engekho, bazofihla emiphakathini.Imithetho yokukhetha amakhompiyutha
Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namakhowe adle angabi nengozi. Futhi konke okukhona lapha kuzinto ezinobuthi - lezi zinhlobo ziyakwazi ukuzibamba njenge-sponge.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuqhubeka nokuzingela okuthulile, kudingeka ulandele imithetho ethile:
- "Ukubusa kwegolide" kwababhikishi be-mushroom ukuqoqa amakhowe ajwayelekile kuphela. Uma kukhona ngisho nokungabaza okuncane mayelana nomsuka kanye nohlobo lwesikhunta - futhi ngisho nangaphezulu uma kunezinkukhu ezinjenge-tuber phansi kwesitshalo se-mushroom - kungcono ukulahla ngokushesha. Amakhowe angakajwayele awakwazi ukuthintwa futhi awanambitha nakakhulu.
- Qoqa kuphela amakhowe anempilo, amancane. Ungazibeka engozini, uqaphele izinambuzane ezimbi, ezomile, ezimbi, ama-mushroom abolile, okungenani, alahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwawo nezinto eziwusizo.
- Ungaphazamisi i-mycelium. Uma ukuqoqa kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi i-mycelium, okuzosebenza njengokuzalwa kwesitshalo esisha. Kunconywa ukuthi amakhowe afana ne-tubular "asontekile" enhlabathini, kanti ama-marsupial kufanele aqoshwe ngommese obukhali phansi.
- Qoqa amakhowe ezindaweni ezinobungane. Akudingekile ukuba "ukuzingela" eduze komgwaqo, amafemu, endaweni yezimboni. Kungcono ukuvakashela ehlathini noma ukuya ezintabeni.
- Beka amakhowe emabhakheni. Ukuze kuqoqwe amaphakheji afanele kusuka ezintweni zemvelaphi yemvelo: lubyanka ngokhuni, amabhokisi ebhokisi le-wicker. Asikho isidingo sokuthatha izikhwama ze-cellophane, lapho amakhowe azokwazi khona "ukumisa".
- Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthi "ukuzingela okuthulile" ngamahora okusa. Amakhowe akhula ebusuku, ngakho-ke ekuseni uzoba esisha, aqinile futhi aphikelele ekuhambeni.
- Isikhathi esengeziwe kubhekwa njengokusesha "umphangi" otshanini obude namagagasi amakhulu. Isikhulu esingahle sithembeke yizicucu ezimbalwa ngehora.
- Ngokushesha ngemva kokufika ekhaya, "izintambo" ezitholakalayo kufanele zisuswe, njengoba zilahlekelwa ngokushesha impahla yazo. Amakhowe ahlongoziwe abilisiwe nakanjani.
Kubalulekile! Kuvinjelwe ukuba usebenzise umhluzi we-mushroom, noma ngabe ulungiselela izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zazo zonke.
Isifunda saseKaliningrad sinothile ezinhlobonhlobo zama-mushroom, okuyinto abaqoqi be-mushroom abajabule ukubeka kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Kodwa, ngokuqhubeka "nokuzingela ngokuthula" kwezintambo ezinomsoco, ezimnandi futhi eziwusizo kakhulu, akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezinobuthi.
Vele ulandele imithetho esemqoka yokuqoqa nokusetshenziswa - bese inqubo yokulungiselela ngeke ibe yinto ejabulisayo kuphela kodwa futhi iphephile impilo.
Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi
