Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-gerberas afanekisela injabulo, ukumomotheka, injabulo, kanye nama-gerberas aphuzi afana nokumomotheka kwelanga uqobo. Banganikezwa njengabantu bomdabu, kanye nomuntu ongaziwa ngokuphelele.
Ababelethi bangatholakala emvelweni bese bekhula ekhaya noma ezweni.
Kusukela kulesi sihloko, ungafunda umlando wesenzakalo, izici ezikhethekile zokukhuphula i-gerbera, ukunakekela isitshalo, nokubona isithombe sembali, ucabange ukungafani kwazo kusuka ezitshalweni ezifanayo futhi ujabulele ubuhle.
Incazelo ye-Botanical nomlando
I-gerbera ephuzi ingokwezihlahla ze-herbaceous ezimilayo ze-Asteraceae yomndeni (i-Aster). It has a stem obukhulu futhi wandisa amaqabunga plumose, wabonisa ekupheleni, kuze 20 cm ubude. Ama-Inflorescences - amabhasikidi anesisindo esingu 5-15 cm, umbala ogqamile. Iqukethe izimbali ezibuhlungu kakhulu.
Bloom cishe izinyanga ezingu-3 kuya kwezi-5, emvelweni kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka. Amapetal avelvety. Izithelo zeGerbera iyinzalo. Uhlelo lwempande lusungulwa, lukhulu kakhulu. I-peduncles ephakeme, kufika ku-60 cm.
Ngokwemvelo, ikhula ema-subtropics, ekhaya - eNingizimu Afrika. Lapho, imbali yatholwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 yi-botanist uGerber, ngakho igama layo. Kodwa kukhona futhi umlando omuhle omude ovela emgodini. Ezikhathini zasendulo, wayehlala ihlombe lehlathi lesigqoko sezingalo zobuhle obuhle, wonke umuntu wayemhawukela, akazange aphumule. Futhi wayefuna ngempela ukungaqondakali futhi ekugcineni abe yimbali elula.
Ukubukeka kanye nezici
I-gerbera ephuzi ibukeka njenge-sun disk, futhi amacembe - imisebe yelanga.. Kodwa kunezinhlobonhlobo lapho amacembe aphuzi khona, futhi ingxenye ephakathi imbali ibumnyama kakhulu, futhi ibuye ifinyelele emnyama.
I-gerberas ephuzi ingaba yi-terry (efana ne-aster), elula (efana ne-daisy) ne-semi-double (into ephakathi kwe-astra ne-chamomile). Akumangalisi ukuthi igama lesibili le-gerbera yi-Transvaal daisy. Amapetali atholakala kokubili azungezile futhi akhomba.
Izimbali ububanzi zingaba zincane nezinkulu. Uphila iminyaka engu-3 kuya kwemi-4 i-gerbera ephuzi. Ngokuyinhloko, zonke izinhlobo ze-gerberas eziphuzi ezitholakala lapha ziyizinhlamvu ezizalwe ngabalimi (Helios, Vega, nabanye).
Yonke igumbi, ama-gerberas engadini avela enqabeni eluhlaza likaJames noGerbera. Kodwa izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezinamaphesenti angaba ngu-30 eziphakeme ezifanele ukukhiqiza ekhaya. Ngokuvamile, i-Orangina, i-Sweet Caroline ne-Honey Honey iyakhula kusuka e-yellow gerberas. I-gerbera ephuzi ihlala inqunywe isikhathi eside.
Isithombe
Ngezansi uzobona isithombe se-gerbera ephuzi:
Kuphi nokuthi ungayitshala kanjani?
I-Gerbera ingeqembu lezitshalo ezingavumi ukubekezelela ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane kusuka ekunakekeleni okuhle. Ngakho-ke, uma isazi sezimbali, ikakhulukazi isiqalo, singeke sikwazi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi kulo msebenzi, abalimi abanolwazi abamcebisi ukuba bayithole.
Cishe wonke ama-gerberas aphuzi, athengiswa emabhokisini esitolo, avela eHolland. Ngakho-ke, uma uthenge imbali enjalo futhi uyiletha ekhaya, akudingekile ukuba uthinte ngokushesha futhi uyishintshe. Myeke aphumule futhi azivumelanise amasonto amabili. Khona-ke udinga ukufakelwa ngokucophelela.
- Gcina umhlabathi ususwe ngokucophelela, ungawageza.
- Ungatshala i-gerbera enhlabathini evamile eyenziwe ngomumo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amanzi.
Awukwazi ukwengeza i-humus ne-compost ebolile, ukuze ungashise izimpande. NgoDisemba - Januwari, lesi sitshalo asondliwe.
Kungcono ukubeka i-gerbera efakwe ngaphakathi efasiteleni elisegumbini elibheke entshonalanga noma empumalanga ngokushisa okulinganayo.. Ufanelekile ekamelweni elivamile lomswakama, ukuqhuma njalo. Kodwa ebusika kunconywa ukuthi kuthuthukise i-pallet ukuze ungabi ngaphezu kwezimpande.
Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukuthi angeke aphinde akhokhe i-gerbera ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Ngalesi sikhathi ubuthakathaka kakhulu.
Ngokuzivumelanisa kabi kwe-gerbera, ungakha indlu encane yokushisa ngokuyibeka esikhwameni futhi ngezinye izikhathi uyayifaka.
Isikhathi sesibili i-gerbera ephuzi ekhulile iyakhiwe kabusha, ikhulise ububanzi bebhodini ngo-2 - 3 cm, kodwa isisondelene kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuba kube nezimbali eziningi.
Ehlobo, i-gerbera ephuzi ingahlwanyelwa ngaphandle emhlabathini ovulekile.. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi izimo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo kufanele zibe eduze nezihlobo. Akathandi izinguquko ngokuzumayo emazingeni okushisa emini nasebusuku. Ebusika - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-12 C. Ngakho ungavumela ukuba ukhule i-gerberas ephuzi kuphela eningizimu yeRussia. Kwezinye izindawo, kungcono ukukwenza ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma endlini.
Ababelethisi bathanda ukukhanya okukhanyayo okungafani, basuke benomswakama-mnandi ngokulinganayo, kodwa bengenangqondo ngempela.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi uzotshala nini i-gerbera emva kokuthenga, funda lapha.
Ukukhanyisa nendawo
I-Gerberas yizitshalo ezinothando, kodwa azibekezeli ukukhanya kwelanga.. Ngakho-ke, uma ibhodlela lezimbali limile efasiteleni noma emkhathini, ngokushisa okukhulu kungcono ukwenza isithunzi esincane. Usuku lokukhanya olujwayelekile - amahora angu-10 kuya kwangu-12.
Ngokuvamile, ukukhanyisa kwemvelo akwanele, khona-ke udinga ukwengeza ukukhanya okungeziwe, i-phytolamp engcono, kuhle kakhulu ukuthi i-microclimate. Isibani sitholakala ngenhla ebhodini cishe ngo-80 cm ngecala elincane.
Ngokukhanya okufanele, i-gerbera ephuzi ikhula kakhulu. (ukuthi kungani ama-gerberas angaphakathi angase angaqhakazi, funda lesi sihloko). Isikhathi sokuqhakaza - ngo-September-Disemba.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Kusukela kumhlabathi gerberas, njengazo zonke izitshalo, thola izinto ezidingekayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba usondele ekukhethweni kwenhlabathi ngokuziphendulela.
Ukuze i-gerberas ephuzi, ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi kancane kuyenzeka (pH - 5 - 6). Ubuningi be-Acidity buboniswa ngokucacile kule ilebula yensimu ephelele. Ungathenga izingxube zomhlaba wonke noma ezikhethekile (ngokungezwa kwamalahle achotshoziwe ne-vermiculite).
Cishe wonke ama-mixes emhlabeni alungiselelwe ayengezwa ngokunezakhi eziningi.. Ingxube yeqabunga lomhlaba, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat (2: 1: 1) noma i-perlite ehlanzekile nayo isetshenziselwa, kepha ukudla okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka. Amanyolo e-organic for gerberas avunyelwe.
Ngaphansi kwembiza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inhlabathi ekhethiwe, kubalulekile ukuthulula amanzi (cishe 1/4 ebhodweni). Kungcono ukutshala izithako ezenziwe ngamaminerali entwasahlobo kanye nehlobo kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ekwindla kanye ngenyanga, futhi kungabikho ukondla nhlobo ebusika.
Ungayinakekela kanjani?
Ukunakekela i-gerbera ukudala izimo ezikhula kahle.. Futhi ubunzima obukhulu ekukhuleni yilolu thando lwe-gerbera yokuzinza.
Kudingeka ukuphuza kaningi, kodwa ngokulinganisela. Lesi sitshalo sibhekene namanzi amaningi ngokweqile kunokuba kungabi khona. Amanzi athathwa itompompi, ihlelwe okungenani usuku. Akunakwenzeka ukuphuza amanzi abilisiwe, akukho moya ochithwa kuwo. Ukuphuza kungcono ukusebenzisa i-caning yokuchelela nge-spout eside.
Qaphela! Amanzi uma ukuchelela akufanele awe phezu kwamagundane, amaqabunga, ikakhulukazi ekuphumeni kwamacembe ase-basal, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande ze-gerbera zizobola.
Ngemuva kokunisela, uma umhlaba uthathe isikhukhula, kudinga ukukhululeka. Ukunisela kungcono kusihlwa. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale imanzi ngokulinganisela. Kungcono futhi ukuvuselela umoya ngokupuniza ngesibhamu se-spray noma i-humidifier. Isibonakaliso esivamile somswakama singama-70 - 80%.
I-gerberas ngezikhathi ezithile kudingeka idliwe ngamaminerali omanyolo., kodwa nakhona kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli futhi ukhumbule umthetho wegolide wokudla ngokubaluleka kwezici. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuhluma amaqabunga, i-gerbera idinga i-potassium. Uma amaqabunga ebalahlekile - udinga insimbi.
Emva kokufakelwa kwe-gerbera, ukugqoka kokuqala akukwenziwe ngaphambi kwamasonto amathathu ngamanyolo we-nitrogen ane-mineral. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha, kubalulekile ukukhipha imishanguzo embizeni bese usebenzisa i-substrate enziwe inzalo.
Indlela yokunakekela i-gerbera ebhodweni, ungathola lapha.
Buka ividiyo ngendlela yokunakekela kahle lesi sitshalo:
Izifo ezivamile nezilokazane
Izifo ze-fungal (powdery isikhutha, izimpande ukubola). Kwenzeke kakhulu ngokuchelela ngokweqile. I-Gerbera idlula, iziqu ziphenduka abamnyama. Ukuqhakaza okumhlophe noma okumpunga kungabonakala emaqabunga, baphenduka okwesibhakabhaka, i-curl (kungani amaqabunga e-gerbera engase aphuzi futhi angayiphatha kanjani angatholakala lapha). Faka izicelo ze-fungicidal systemic. Uma umhlaba ingxube ngesikhathi esisodwa kuveza iphunga elimnandi, udinga ukufaka ngokushesha i-gerbera ephuzi.- Nqoba ama-aphid. Amaqabunga aphenduka amachashazi amnyama futhi amnyama atholakala ngaphansi. Uma ubaqaphela ekuqaleni, ungakwazi ukuqeda izinambuzane ngesandla. Esikhathini esiseduze, sebenzisa amalungiselelo amakhemikhali aphid.
- Isibungu se-spider. I-Gerbera njengoba idla, njengoba ama-cobwebs amancane akhipha yonke ijusi kuyo. Kulesi simo, udinga ukuhambisa umoya ozungeze i-gerbera futhi usebenzise izinambuzane (Antiklesch). Babuye batusa ukunqunywa kwezinto eziqongweni zamatamatisi, izitshalo zomhlonyane, ama-Persian chamomile.
- I-Whitefly inqobe. Lawa amacimbi amancane adla izimbobo emaqabunga. Spray izidakamizwa nge-perimeter.
- Shchitovka. Kuyinto inkathazo, kungabonakala ngaphansi ngaphansi kwamagqabi njengoba izilinganiso brownish. Esikhathini sokuqala, kubhujiswe ngesandla, ngezigaba kamuva - ngamalungiselelo amakhemikhali.
- UMose. I-Gerbera iyancipha, izindawo ezikhanyayo zichazwe ngokucacile. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwesinye isikhathi sasihlanjululwa ne-Bordeaux ingxube. Ukusungulwa kwesifo akuphathwa.
Izifo ze-fungal (powdery isikhutha, izimpande ukubola). Kwenzeke kakhulu ngokuchelela ngokweqile. I-Gerbera idlula, iziqu ziphenduka abamnyama. Ukuqhakaza okumhlophe noma okumpunga kungabonakala emaqabunga, baphenduka okwesibhakabhaka, i-curl (kungani amaqabunga e-gerbera engase aphuzi futhi angayiphatha kanjani angatholakala lapha). Faka izicelo ze-fungicidal systemic. Uma umhlaba ingxube ngesikhathi esisodwa kuveza iphunga elimnandi, udinga ukufaka ngokushesha i-gerbera ephuzi.Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezifo ze-gerbera lapha.
Buka ividiyo ebonisa isibonelo sesifo esitshalweni:
Ukuzala
Hlanganisa i-gerberas:
- Imbewu. Kubaluleke kakhulu kubalimi, njengoba kukuvumela ukuthi ukhule i-gerbera ngezici ezifisayo. Imbewu ihluma cishe inyanga eyodwa. Batshalwe emanzini, inhlabathi evulekile, egcwele umhlaba. Bese umboze nge-foil. Vula njalo, uphefa ngamanzi. Uma kukhona amahlumela amancane ngamaqabunga, ukufakelwa kabusha zibe izimbiza. Ngaphambi kokusila kuthatha izinyanga eziyishumi. Akubona bonke abakhiqizi - abavuthiwe abanesikhathi esanele salokhu, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ama-gerberas asakazwa ngendlela yemifino.
- Cuttings. Ukuze uthathe isidingo ukunikeza ukushisa, umswakama ophezulu, sebenzisa phytohormones. Isiqu esincane esinesitshalo esincane (amasentimitha ambalwa) kanye namaqabunga anqunywa kusuka ku-gerbera omdala. Ngemuva kokutshala uvale ifilimu, umoya, umoya. Susa ifilimu ekuqaleni kokukhula okusebenzayo.
- Uhlukanisa isihlahla. Ukuze ukhulule i-gerbera emhlabathini, hlukanisa uhlelo lwempande zibe yizici eziningana ezihlukene futhi uhlale phansi emhlabathini.
Imininingwane eminingi yokuzalanisa i-gerbera ingatholakala lapha.
I-gerbera ephuzi ibhekwa njengesitshalo se-whimsical, esidinga ukudalwa nokugcinwa kwe-microclimate ethile. Kodwa uma ufisa, akunzima ukunamathela emithethweni futhi unikeze izimo ezikhululekile ekukhuleni kwembali enhle kangaka, ngesikhathi sokutshala, ukuphulukisa. Esikhundleni salokho, i-gerberas iyojabulisa emehlweni, ukunikeza injabulo.
