Ungase umangale, kodwa ubuciko bokuqoqa amakhowe yisayensi yangempela. Kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukwazi lapho futhi kungenzeka khona ukuqoqa, kodwa futhi ukwazi ukuhlukanisa amakhowe ezidliwayo ezingenakutholakala futhi ezinobuthi, njengoba abagcina bakwazi ukuzifihla kahle kakhulu. Ukungazi kahle izinto ezisisekelo ze-mushroom mastery kungashintsha. Ake sihlole izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhowe ezikhula esifundeni saseSaratov, kanye nemithetho yokusesha kanye nezindawo zamakhowe.
Amakhomikhali edlayo
Amakhowe adlayo adla. Kunezinkulungwane eziningana zazo ezaziwa, esifundeni saseSaratov zikhula okulandelayo:
- abamhlophe;
- ubisi lwesafroni;
- ama-milkcakes wangempela
- iziphequluli ezimnyama;
- i-boletus;
- ama-mushroom nama-ambulli;
- izinyoni ze-aspen;
- ukulayisha;
- ama-chanterelles;
- i-russula;
- uju agaric;
- imigqa.
Amakhowe amhlophe
Amakhowe amhlophe (amhlophe, ama-boletus, ngesiLatini I-Bolétus edúlis) ukhetha ukukhula eduze kwesihlahla sase-spruce, i-pine, i-oki, i-birch ku-moss noma isembozo se-lichen, inhlabathi enesihlabathi, enesihlabathi, ne-loamy. Ikhula kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Australia. I-cap yakhe ingafinyelela ku-50 cm ebhinceni, futhi umlenze - u-10 cm ngobubanzi no-25 cm ukuphakama. 
Hat Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zombala obomvu - kusukela emnyama kunazo zonke kuya ezilula kakhulu. I-shaped shape shape, kodwa njengoba ubudala le fungus ishintsha isimo kuya flatter eyodwa. Ikhasi kwi-bonnet ingase ibe ngisho, imiswe kancane noma ifakwe, ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophezulu umswakama kuya ekuthinteni, kodwa akufanele ilale ngemuva kwe-pulp.
Funda ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvuna ama-mushroom e-porcini ebusika, ukuthi ungafisa kanjani kahle, kunamakhowe amhlophe awusizo.
Pulp umbala obukhulu, obunzima, obunamahloni, nobudala bungaba buhlungu futhi buphuzi, uma buphukile, ngeke buguqulwe umbala. Ngendlela yayo eluhlaza, iphunga elicashile, kodwa ngesikhathi sokupheka, ama-aromas athathwa kulo lonke indlu.
Ngaphansi kwe-pulp ungqimba lwe-tubular kuze kube ngu-4 cm ubukhulu. Ngokuya ngobudala befungus, umbala uhluka kusuka kumhlophe kuya obala ophuzi noma umnqumo omncane.
Umlenze ukhululekile, ufana nomgqomo omile, futhi kumakhowe amadala kuyisilinda. Umbala ulula kancane kunekhanda, unomthamo wesimo esibi. 
Isikhathi esivuna kakhulu se-boletus siphelile ngo-Agasti, kodwa singaqoqwa kusukela ehlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba, futhi ekwindla efudumele - ngo-Okthoba.
Uyazi? Isikhunta esikhulu kunazo zonke esimhlophe esingamasentimitha angu-140 no-2m ububanzi saqedwa ngo-1985 eWisconsin (eU.SA).
E-Italy, ama-boletus adliwa aluhlaza, ayaziswa ngemva kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokupheka, njengoba lusakaze ukunambitheka okuthakazelisayo kakhulu futhi akulutholi uma kuphekwe.
Izinhlobo zokupheka ama-boletus:
- Ukomisa - ngenkathi ukunambitheka kubonakala kakhulu;
- ukugcoba;
- abilayo;
- ukucima;
- ipholile;
- ukuhlanza.
Kungenziwa wengezwa izitsha eziyinhloko nezindwangu zokudla, amasoso, isobho, ukwenza izinto zokufaka ama-pie, ama-pancake, amadombolo. Izinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kwazo ziboniswa ekuvuseleleni kokugaya kanye nokudla kahle kwamaprotheni.
Ubisi
Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zamakhowe ezinezici ezifanayo, kodwa eyodwa (yangempela) ibhekwa njengokudliwayo, konke okudliwa yizimo.
Umsuka wangempela (wet, omhlophe, pravsky, ohlaza, Lactárius résimus) ikhula eduze kwe-birches, amapayipi, ama-lime kumaqoqo amakhulu. Ikhula esikhathini kusukela ehlobo kuze kuqale ekwindla.
Funda ukuthi ukuqoqa nokuvuna kanjani i-aspen, inkinga emnyama, indlela yokuvuna amakhowe ebisi ebusika.
Hat kuze kufinyelele ku-20 cm ngesibalo, amakhowe amancane ahlala phansi, bese ethatha uhlobo lwe-funnel, emaphethelweni ahlanganiswe ngaphakathi, ehlanganiswe isikhumba esimhlophe esimhlophe, amabala okukhanya okuphuzi nokubomvu kungenzeka. 
Pulp ukuqina, kuphuma iphunga le-mushroom, liphelelwa ijusi elifana nobisi, kodwa ngokunambitheka okubukhali okugqoka futhi kube yiklaphu engcolile.
Umlenze ingaba nokuphakama okufika ku-7 cm no-girth kuze kufike ku-5 cm, ubushelelezi, ingenalutho phakathi, umbala ufana nalokho we-cap.
Emazweni aseYurophu, amakhowe amabi abizwa njengamakhowe angenakutholakala, ezweni lethu abakhetha ukukhamba futhi ahambe. Ezinye zezilwane zomile, zisemhlabathini futhi zisetshenziswe njengezinkathi ezinomsoco.
Izambulela ezimibalabala
Isambulela i-variegated (i-macrolepiota, isambulela se-mushroom, Macrolepiota procera) okuthiwa ngemuva kwesambulela okufana nalo. Leli howa liyisihlobo se-champignon, inkokhelo yayo ibukeka kuqala njenge-dome, bese ivula futhi ithatha isimo sensimbi, ibonakala njengesambulela kumakhowe avuthiwe, futhi kukhona inqwaba encane phakathi. 
Ingumbala obomvu obomvu, ogcwele izikali eziphakanyisiwe zomthunzi omnyama (ngenxa yalokhu, i-mushroom ibonakala iyinkimbinkimbi), isilonda sinzima. Ububanzi be-cap bungafinyelela ku-30 cm.
Pulp umbala omhlophe, unamafayili amahle, unomsoco oqinile wama-mushroom, ukuze emazweni aseYurophu, ase-Asia nase-Afrika athengiswe ngamanani aphezulu. Kuphela ukudliwa kwamakhowe amancane lapho, ngoba kuba nzima kulabo abavuthiwe. Ngaphansi kwenyama kuhlanganiswe namacwecwe amhlophe amancane.
Umlenze esincane, kuze kufike ku-50 cm high, egcwele izikali, i "skirt" ikhula ngaphansi kwe-bonnet.
Ama-ambrellas aqoqiwe kusukela ephakathi kwehlobo kuze kube maphakathi no-ekwindla emahlathini angavamile ukuba atshalwe. Badla ikakhulukazi ethosiwe. 
Chanterelles
I-Chanterelles (I-Cantharéllus) - lawa amakhowe akhula eduze kwezihlahla ze-coniferous and deciduous, ikakhulukazi emhlabathini, ngezinye izikhathi emanzini.
Kufaka lezi zinhlobo:
- i-velvety chanterelle (izinhlobo ezingajwayelekile);
- inhlanganisela;
- i-odorous;
- ejwayelekile (i-chanterelle yangempela, i-cockerel);
- i-yellowing;
- amanga (angaziwa);
- grey
- i-tubular;
- i-funnel uphondo-ifakwe (omnyama).
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ukuhlukanisa i-chanterelle yamanga kusuka ku-chanterelle yangempela, indlela yokugcoba ama-chanterelles, ukukhipha ama-chanterelles, ukuphatha ama-chanterelles.
I-Chanterelles ikhula emilenzeni, ehamba kancane ibe yi-cap ngaphandle kokushintshwa okushiwo. Inyama isinyene, imhlophe noma iphuzi, umlenze kanye ne-cap zikhulu, amakhowe ngokwawo aphansi, ngokuvamile aphuma ngaphandle. Ingaphansi kwekhanda ihlungwe. 
Ngokuvamile, amakhowe anemibala ephuzi ephuzi, amafolda omthunzi omnyama, ezinye izinhlobo zegrey noma ezimnyama.
I-Chanterelles ikhula phakathi nohlobo futhi ingaqhubeka ikhula kuze kube phakathi kwekwindla. Abacishe bangapheli.
Ngokuvame ukuthosiwe, abilisiwe, omisiwe, okusemathinini.
Maslata
Maslyata (Suillus) zikhula eduze kwezihlahla ze-coniferous kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya phakathi kwekwindla futhi kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingu-50. Hat ziyi-dome-shaped noma flat, isikhumba sibushelelezi, sinamathele, simnyama, sisuswa kalula enyameni yombala ophuzi.
Funda ukuthi ama-boilers ayasiza yini futhi ayingozi, kanjani ukuhlukanisa amabhuzu amanga, ukuhlanza ngokushesha amathumba ngaphandle kommese, yiziphi izindlela zokulungisa amabhoyili ebusika, indlela okumnandi ngayo yokupheka izikhumba ezibandayo ebusika.
Uma kunqunywe, inyama ingaba obomvu noma i-bluish, i-tubular ngezansi. Umlenze ubushelelezi noma uqine kancane, kuncane, kungase kube khona indandatho ngaphansi kwe-cap. 
Ama-Butters aphekiwe, abilisiwe, ayethusiwa, ashukela, afakwe ezinosini, amasoso, izitsha zangasese, izikhathi ezincane-omisiwe.
Amakhowe we-autumn
Amakhowe we-autumn (yangempela, Armillaria mellea) eqoqwe kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kukaDisemba. Izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokuzithola ziyimifula emanzini anamanzi, imifula, iziqu.
Isikhumba sabo sikhula kufika ku-10 cm ebhincini, kancane kancane - kuze kufike ku-17 cm, i-shape shape, ivula kancane kancane. Omdala i-mushroom, i-capter i-cap yayo izoba.
Umbala wesikhumba kuma-caps unombala obomvu noma obomvu okhanyayo ngokuxubana okuncane okuluhlaza, okumnyama phakathi. Emaphethelweni akhule izikali ezinemibala ekhrimu, okungenzeka kungabi amakhowe amadala. 
Inyama kuqala yinyama, ilula, ibuye ibe mncane kakhulu, ilukhuni, iphunga kahle, i-lamellar evela ngezansi.
Umlenze unomzimba omncane, ubude obungaba ngu-10 cm, obomvu, emgqonyeni womthunzi okhanyayo, oseduze nomhlabathi - omnyama, ngamapuleti, eduze kwebhanethi kukhona ifilimu embuthanweni. Ema-mushroom aphezulu, ukunambitheka kwe-stem kunzima futhi kwehla zibe amafayili.
Kubalulekile! I-100 g ye-honeydew iqukethe izinga lansuku zonke lethusi ne-zinc.Amakhowe ahlanza, usawoti, gazinga, ubilise. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, azithandwayo, ngezinye izikhathi zibhekwa njengezinobuthi.
Funda ngezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zamakhowe omunyo, ukuthi ungafisa kanjani ama-amakho amakhowe ebusika, ukupheka, ukupheka, ukupheka kanjani i-caviar kusuka ku-honey agaric.
Inhlanzi uju agaric
Inhlanzi yama-honey agaric (amadlelo, imifino negnuchchiki, ama-clove, i-meadow marasmius, UMarasmius oreades) eqoqwe kusukela ekupheleni kwenkathi yesentwasahlobo kuze kube phakathi kwekwindla, ikakhulukazi enotshani - ezindaweni ezihlala emigodini, emigodini, emigwaqweni eseduze, ezindaweni ezivundwe. Bakhula emikhayeni emikhulu. 
Hat i-dome-shaped ekuqaleni, bese iba flat, kumakhowe amadala kakhulu imigqa ephakanyisiwe phezulu, phakathi nendawo kukhona umhosha omnyama. Ibhande layo lifinyelela ku-5 cm, kancane kancane - u-8 cm. Amaphethelo we-cap aguquguqukile, atholakala kancane. Ikhasi brown brown, kungenzeka kube okunamathelayo. Pulp esicashile, une-clove elula noma i-almond. Ngezansi kwekhanda limbozwe ngamacwecwe.
Umlenze ingaba ngu-10 cm ubude no-5 mm ebhodini. Iyakuthanda kanzima futhi iba nzima ngokuguga. Umbala wemilenze kungenzeka ukuthi awunamandla kakhulu njengokwesikhumba.
Ekuphekeni, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ama-caps kuphela - aqoshiwe, anewosawoti, ethosiwe, abilisiwe. Imithwalo edliwayo, kodwa enzima.
Ama-Brownberries
Izithombo ze-Brownberry ( Leccinum) kunezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukile embala wesikhumba owomile, kusukela ompunga obomvu kuze kube mnyama. 
Ikhanda labo liyi-dome-shaped, inyama iyamhlophe, ithambile, ububanzi bayo buba ngu-15 cm. Inyama imhlophe, umbala ugcwele imicu enjengezintambo ezimnyama ezineminyaka yobudala befungus. Uma ukuwaphula akuguquki umbala (ngaphandle kwe-pinking podberzovik). Ukunambitheka nokuhogela akungathathi hlangothi.
Umlenze unomzimba omncane (ezinhlotsheni ezimnyama nezibuhlungu umumo womgqomo), ungaba ngamasentimitha angu-12 ubude, ububanzi obumbala obugqamile, ubude obunzima, obunamafutha.
Inkathi yokuqoqwa kwabo ifika ngoJuni futhi iphela ngo-Okthoba. Ama-brownberries akhula eduze kwezihlahla ezinqabile, kaningi - eduze kwama-birches. Zingaba zomile, ziphekwe, zithosiwe, zifakwe emathisini.
Uyazi? Izakhamuzi zasezindaweni ze-tundra ne-forest-tundra, lapho i-birch ebomvu ikhula khona eduze kwezihlahla ze-birch ezinamahlathi, ngokubizayo zibabiza ngokuthi "ngaphezulu-birch".
Hlanganisa amakhowe
Hlanganisa amakhowe yizinhlobo ezinjalo:
- Olubomvu (redhead, krasik, krasyuk, amakhowe obomvu, i-aspenik, idayi, Leccinum aurantíacum) - enekhanda elibomvu.
- Ubunqunu obomvu (obomvu obomvu, isikhumba esincane, Leccinum versipélle) - ngesigqoko sombala ophuzi obomvu.
- Okumhlophe (Aspen white, Leccinum percandidum) - ngekhanda elimhlophe.
- Ipeyinti (Ama-movie ne-TV yami) - ngesigqoko sombala okhanyayo obomvu nomlenze ophezulu obomvana obukhanyayo, ngezansi - umbala ophuzi.
Ahluke kunama-browns ngenyama enwebekile futhi umlenze omkhulu ububanzi.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-boletus ze-orange-cap, okuyibukhoma obubomvu bobukhulu obubonakalayo, ukuhlukanisa ama-boletus amanga.
I-cap ikhula kuze kube ngu-15 cm ububanzi, kaningi kakhulu - kufika ku-30 cm. Emakhowe amancane inhlangothi zonke, eseduze ne-pedicle, iba ne-shade eneminyaka yobudala.
Inyama yamakhowe amancane inamandla, i-overripe iyashesha, umbala ubumhlophe, kuphuza umnyama lapho kuphukile. 
Ngaphansi kwe-cap itholakala nge-villi-tubules kuze kube ngu-3 cm ubude, phakathi kwamaphi ama-pores akhiwa. Omdala i-fungus, emnyama umbala walolu ungqimba.
Umlenze ungafinyelela ku-15 cm ubude no-5 cm ngokubhinca, umbala omhlophe, i-scaly. Inomumo we-cylindrical, ingaba nobubanzi obukhulu eduze nomhlabathi. Ngokungafani ne-browndockers, ayikho imifino emise. Ukunambitheka kwakuthola imicu elula.
Ukunambitheka kwe-fungus kunobuthakathaka, ukunambitheka akungathathi hlangothi, ngenqubo yokupheka abantu abamnyama. Kungenziwa okuthosiwe, okufakwe emanzini, okumile, okubilisiwe, okusawoti.
Kufanele isetshenziswe eduze kwezihlahla ezincane ezivuthiwe, kaningi - eduze kwe-aspen ne-poplar, kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sehlobo kuze kube sekwindla. 
Ukulayisha
Imithwalo engaphansi:
- abamhlophe;
- omnyama
- kumnyama.
Eqinisweni, lezi amakhowe azihlobene nobisi amakhowe, nakuba zingaphandle zifana nazo, kepha zibhekene ne-russula. Zikhula ngokuyinhloko eduze kwe-oki, i-pine, i-aspen, i-spruce, i-birch, i-beech, ne-alder. Qoqa nabo kusukela ephakathi kwehlobo kuze kuphakathi kwekwindla. I-Podgazdki inambitheka kahle esimweni sosawoti.
Umehluko podgruzdka omhlophe (omisiwe owomile, I-Rússula i-delica) kusuka kulo mthwalo kanje:
- esikhwameni esomile nesingenayo imoto esikhwameni;
- emacwecwe amhlophe amhlophe ane-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- uma kungekho juice omhlophe;
- uma kungekho ukunambitheka okubukhali emaspini ngaphandle kwamapuleti.
Hat ezimhlophe ngaphansi komumo nombala kufana nesigxobo, futhi sinomqondo womngcwabo wombala omhlophe obumnyama. Ku-cap ye-girth ingafinyelela ku-18 cm. Pulp ngaphandle kwamacwecwe anganambitheki, amapuleti anambitheka ebukhali.
Umlenze i-fungus, efana ne-bummer, imhlophe, i-cylindrical, ingenalutho ngaphakathi.
Ukulayisha okumnyama (Rússula adústa) zihlukaniswa ukungabi khona kwejusi elimhlophe nokunambitheka okubukhali, ngokuphambene nalokho, inyama inezinambitheka ezimnandi. Uma uphula i-mushroom, i-pulp izophenduphenduka, kamuva iyoba mnyama, izindawo ezimnyama zivela ekucindezelekeni. Amakhowe anuka njengesikhunta.
Ukuma kwekhanda kufana nalokhu kwesikhumba; umbala wesikhumba unama-gray-green (isikhathi eside umkhuhlane ukhula, ubumnyama obunzima), kunamathele ekuthinteni.
Ukuqothulwa kwe-blackening (Rússula amaNigeria) abaneminyaka yobudala bashintsha umbala we-cap: kumakhowe amancane kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakho-ke kumnyama, kumakhowe amaningi kakhulu. 
Ukuma kwe-cap kufana nesipuni.
Inyama imhlophe ngombala, iphendukile ebomvu, bese iphenduka emnyama. Iphunga njengezithelo, iyakuthanda okubabayo.
Umlenze uphinde ushintshe umbala ovela kumhlophe kuya kumnyama, ukunambitheka kwawo kumnandi.
Podgazdki ikakhulukazi okumnandi ngendlela efakwe usawoti.
Ryzhiki
I-Ryzhik (elovik, Lactarius) ingenye yamakhowe ayigugu kakhulu, njengoba aqukethe amavithamini A, B, C, amino acid nezinye izinto ezizuzisayo, kunezinhlobo eziningana. Igama layo libophezelekile kumbala we-orange.
I-cap yayo ingakhula ibe ngu-18 cm ububanzi, emakhowe amancane i-dome efana nesigodi phakathi. 
Kancane kancane, kuvela futhi kuthatha ifomu le-funnel elinemiphetho ephakeme ephihliwe. Ukukhwabanisa kwesikhumba kulahlekile, kungase kube mnandi. Isikhumba sesikhumba esidala singaba mnyama. Amacwecwe atholakala ngaphansi kwekhanda.
Umlenze ikhula ngesimo se-cylinder ngaphandle kokungena ngaphakathi, umbala ufana nalokho we-cap. Ukuphakama kukhula kufika ku-7 cm, ngokubhinca - kufika ku-2 cm.
Pulp i-orange, lapho isika imnyama, iphunga izithelo, elihlwabusayo, ijusi liphuma umbala ocebile we-orange, okusheshayo ubumnyama.
Ikhula eduze kwamapayipi kanye ne-spruce otshanini noma ku-moss kusukela phakathi nohlobo kuze kube phakathi kwekwindla.
I-Huskies iyinambitha, uma isetshenziswe noma ishukela, ngaleyo yokwelashwa umbala wabo uba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ungadla futhi ukudla okuluhlaza. 
Ukuphakama
Ukuphakama (tricholom, I-Tricholoma) kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-90 zefungi, kufaka phakathi ubuthi. Amahhashi emigqeni ingaba yindilinga, efana noma efana ne-funnel. Zingaba ngamasentimitha angu-10 ngesayizi, kancane kancane kuze kube ngu-15 cm. Amarekhodi akhula ngezansi.
Thola ukuthi ubukeka kanjani nokuthi ngabe kukhona umugqa we-poplar, umugqa ompunga, irowu elibomvu, irowu elimhlophe, irowu eluhlaza, irowu elingumhlaba, umugqa ophuzi ophuzi.
Umbala isikhumba singabomvu, sibomvu, sihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, siphuphu, njll, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Ikhasi ingaba eyomile noma enamathele.
Umlenze ingaba ngu-10 cm ubude futhi kuze kube ngu-2 cm ngokubhinca; ingaba mhlophe noma ibe nombala ofanayo ne-cap. Ukunambitheka kuphefumula.
Pulp kungenzeka ukuthi ayinambitheka, ivutha, kancane ebabayo, i-mealy kuya ukunambitheka. Kuyinto encane noma eminyene, emhlophe noma ephuzi, engenamnandi noma enambitheka ye-mealy. 
I-Ridovki ikhula kuyo yonke indawo - ezindaweni eziqhamukayo namahlathi e-coniferous, emigodini, emaphethelweni ehlathi, ekuhlanjululeni. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha futhi zikhetha izihlahla eziqhamukayo, ikakhulukazi - i-birch, noma, ngokuphambene, - coniferous (ipine). Hlanganisa i-ryadovki kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuze kuphakathi kwekwindla.
Ekuphekeni, izinhlu azikwaziswa, njengoba zidla ukunambitheka noma ezingenakusihlwa, kodwa ifomu elithosiwe, elisawoti nelitokisi, ukunambitheka kwabo kuba ngcono.
Russula
Kusukela ku-275 izinhlobo ze-russula (Roussula) 60 atholakala ensimini yaseRussia emahlathini amancane nama-coniferous ehlobo nasekwindla. Zonke zihlukile embala wesikhumba, ongahlukaniswa kalula kusuka ku-pulp.
I-pulp i-lamellar, i-brittle, kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo zishintsha umbala uma uxhumane nomoya, ukunambitheka kuyithambile, kubuhlungu noma kubukhali. 
Amakati amakhowe amancane angaba ngendlela yebhola, kancane kancane aqondiswe, ahlanganiswe ngamacwecwe avela ngezansi. Ububanzi bufinyelela ku-5 cm, ngezinye izikhathi - 10 cm, kwezinye-30 cm.
Imigqa ukuthayipha noma ukwandisa phansi, kungabi nalutho phakathi, kumhlophe kumbala noma kufana nekhanda. Ukuphakama komlenze kufinyelela ku-8 cm.
Ukuqeda ubuhlungu, i-russula kumele iqale ibiliswe noma ifakwe. Ngemuva kwaloko, bahlosiwe, bahisiwe, bakhuphukisiwe.
Amakhowe anobuthi anobumpofu
Amakhowe abizwa ngokuthi anobuthi, aqukethe izinto eziyingozi ezibangelwa uketshezi kokudla, zithinte isistimu yezinzwa noma zenze ukufa. 
Lezi zihlanganisa amakhowe:
- I-grebe ephahlazayo iyona enobuhlungu kakhulu;
- i-fly agaric;
- govorushka;
- i-spider web;
- igalari;
- umugqa;
- i-fibrin;
- i-lepiota;
- i-honeycomb yamanga;
- amakhowe amanga amanga;
- amakhowe kaSathane;
- ingulube enhle nezinye (cishe izinhlobo ezingu-150).
Izindwangu ezidliwayo ngamakhowe anezinambitheka ezingathandeki noma eziholela enobuthi ngendlela engakalungiselelwa, futhi emva kokupheka kuyodla:
- ubisi amakhowe ngaphandle kwamanje;
- Geza;
- i-valui;
- I-Duboviki;
- i-whitefish;
- i-mokruhi;
- i-raincoats;
- ama-amanitas ama-gray-pink.
Ngokuvamile badla amakhowe amakhowe, izinqola kanye ne-walui.
I-grebe yama-Pale
I-Pale Grebe (Amanita phalloides) - i-mushroom eyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-cap yayo ingaba ngu-15 cm ngobukhulu, ingaba yindilinga noma igqamile, umbala wayo wesikhumba uphukile-onobuhle obomvu noma obuhlaza. Снизу шляпка покрыта мягкими пластинками. Мякоть белая, толстая, пахнет приторно-сладко, запах слабый.
Umlenze ungaba ngu-16 cm ubude futhi ufike ku-2.5 cm ubukhazikhazi, obunomshini wesilinda, obhalwe ngombala omhlophe noma we-cap, kwenzeka ngephethini ye-wavy. Umlenze ongezansi ongaphezulu kunesihloko esiphakeme, ufakwe "esikhwameni" esimhlophe.
Ikhula enhlabathini evundile emahlathini alula kusukela ekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, ikhetha izindawo eziseduzane nezihlahla eziqhamukayo, isakazeka kahle. 
Izimpawu zokudakwa zivela lapho abantu bengasabahlanganisi nobuthi be-mushroom, emva kweminyaka engu-6, kwenzeka ukuthi ngemva kwamahora angu-48. Ngolunye usuku, izibonakaliso ziyanyamalala, kodwa ukudakwa kuqhubeka. Ukuqhafaza kungadlulela kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-4, bese konke kubuya ngamandla amasha.
Ngesikhathi umuntu efuna usizo lwezokwelapha, ukulimala kwesibindi nezinso kungenakwenzeka. Ungathola ushevu ngisho nesikhumba esincane salesi mushroom.
Kubalulekile! Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zohluka phakathi kwe-toadstool ephuzi kanye namakhowe adlayo yizingcwecwe ezimhlophe, ukuba khona kwefilimu ngaphansi kwekhanda nezindandatho, nenyama engeyona inyama enomzimba.
Wolf
Izimpisi zingena:
- Ama-Whites (ezimhlophe, I-Lactárius pubéscens) - isikhumba sipendekile esimhlophe, maphakathi ne-cap kungenzeka ibe mnyama.
- Pink (volvyanitsa, rubella, volnyanka, umhluzi, volminka, volzhanka, ukugaya, i-volvenka, i-wave, Lactárius torminósus) - isikhumba senziwe ngombala okhanyayo obomvu.
Ubukhulu be-cap ngu-8-12 cm; kumakhowe amancane yi-flat-convex; kulabo asebekhulile yakha umbhoshongo omncane; emaphethelweni egeyinki elibomvu liyancipha. Ngezansi kwekhanda limbozwe ngamacwecwe.
Inyama ibinyene, imhlophe ngephunga elikhanyayo kanye nokunambitheka okubukhali. Ukusula okumhlophe kunenyama enesibindi, i-pink ayikho. Ijusi elimhlophe, njengobisi, likhishwa emaspini uma lichotshoziwe.
Isiqu sifike ku-6 cm ubude futhi kufinyelele ku-2 cm ku-girth, esimweni se-cylinder, emthunzini ofanayo njengoba ibhanethi, eqinile, nakwamakhowe amadala kukhona ngaphakathi ngaphakathi.
Usesho kufanele lusondele eduze kwe-birches ngo-Agasti no-Septhemba. Yidla ngendlela efakwe usawoti futhi eqoshiwe.
I-Value
Okubaluleke kakhulu (ingulube, Kubur, podtopolnik, inkunzi, inkabi, i-tiller, i-plakun mushroom, i-cam, i-whitefish, i- Rússula foétens) ikhula emahlathini e-coniferous and deciduous kusukela ephakathi kwehlobo kuze kuphakathi kwekwindla. 
I-cap ingafinyelela ubukhulu buka-15 cm. Isikhumba sinobuphuzi obuphuzi noma obuphuzi, eceleni kwemiphetho ye-grooves, kulula ukuhamba ngemuva kwe-pulp, ehlanganiswe ne-mucus. Emakhowe amancane, emaphethelweni ekhanda adjoin the stem, enza ibhola, khona-ke imiphetho iphakama. Ngezansi kukhona umthunzi omnyama weplate.
Inyama isuke ibuthakathaka, imhlophe imbala, lapho iphula imnyama. Ukunambitheka kwakhe kunomunyu, iphunga likhumbuza ibhotela eliyingozi.
Umlenze ungaba ngesilinda noma ibhayili, kuze kufike ku-12 cm ukuphakama kuze kufike ku-3 cm ngokugqoka, umbala ubumhlophe ngamachashazi. Ngokuguga, ukungabi nalutho kubonakala ngaphakathi.
Badla i-walui usawoti noma i-pickled, kodwa okokuqala susa ubuhlungu ngokuqhubekela phambili.
Skripitsa
I-Skripitsa (uzizwa uzizwa, u-euphorbia, umile, u-milk podskrebysh, Lactárius velléreus) kuvame ukukhula eduze kwe-birch, izihlahla ze-coniferous nezinqamule ehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala. 
Ibukeka njengekhasi le-pepper, kodwa amapuleti ngaphansi kwekhanda atholakala kude kakhulu komunye nomunye.
Isigqoko se-violin sinamandla, amakhowe amancane asuke e-convex kancane, khona-ke emaphethelweni aphelile, futhi maphakathi awela, enza umbhoshongo. Umbala wesikhumba ubumhlophe, yizinwele ezibhekene nokuthinta. Ububanzi be-cap bungaba ngamasentimitha angama-26. Umbala we-cap, u-pulp, amacwecwe kanye nejusi kungancipha kancane.
Inyama imhlophe, iyanwebeka, ivuke, lapho iphukile kuyo ilandela ijusi elimhlophe elinombala elinomunwe obukhali kakhulu nephunga elimnandi.
Umlenze ungaba ngu-8 cm ubude futhi ufike ku-5 cm ububanzi, umbala omhlophe, u-fleecy.
Lezi amakhowe zidla usawoti emva kokusila eside. 
Amathimikhali asezindaweni zaseSaratov
Amakhowe amaningi esifundeni saseSaratov angaqoqwa ezindaweni ezinjalo:
- Idolobha lasePopovka yesifunda saseSaratov (volnushki, ubisi amakhowe, ama-brooms).
- Village Yagodnaya Polyana District Tatishchevsky (chanterelles, amakhowe).
- Umzana wase-Alekseevka Baltaysky wesifunda (brownberry, boletus, izinyoni ze-aspen, ujusi ekwindla agarics).
- Umzana wase-Ozerki, isifunda sasePetrovsky (ama-boletus, ama-boletus, amakhowe amabi, izinyoni ze-aspen).
- Ukuhlala kwe-Ivanteevka, isifunda saseKrasnoarmeysky (ama-mushroom ama-boletus, utshani obunundu, amakhowe amakhowe).
- Ihlathi le-Tignes-Zinhes Lake ye-Engelsky District (amakhowe obisi, amakhowe ase-aspen).
- Umzana waseKamenka, esifundeni saseTatishchevsky (ibhota).
- Indawo yokuhlala e-Urban Bazarny Karabulak, District Bazarno-Karabulaksky (podberezoviki).
- Umzana waseVyonyovyovka wesifunda saseMarksa (amhlophe, ama-mushroom ase-aspen, amakhowe asephuzi).
Uyazi? Akekho owaziyo uma amakhowe avela emhlabeni, kodwa kwaziwa ukuthi akhule eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-400 edlule, lapho ama-dinosaurs engekho okwamanje.
Amathiphu awusizo
Ukuze uqoqe amakhowe amaningi adlekile futhi ungatholi ubuthi, udinga ukunamathela kule mithetho elandelayo:
- Zwayelana nemithetho yama-mushroom ukukhetha, ama-mushroom amabala, izithombe zamakhowe ezinobuthi, umzila.
- Vuka ekuseni. Ama-mushroom abonakala kangcono lapho ilanga lingagubuli ebusweni, futhi amazolo e-caps akhazimule futhi azinaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi nokushisa namanye amakhemikhali azungeze kungabangela ukuvunwa okuhle. Ngosuku ozohamba ngalo ehlathini uphindele emuva elangeni.
- Izembatho nezicathulo kufanele kube sezulu-friendly futhi zikhululekile - ukuvikela kusuka izibungu, hhayi ukuphazamisa ukunyakaza, hhayi ukugcoba, hhayi wet. Izikhumba zenjoloba zivikela ukulwa nezinyoka.
- Emasakeni esikhwama samapulasitiki, amakhowe aphehliwe, aphihliwe futhi aphikisiwe, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthatha ibhasikidi nawe. Beka amakhowe phansi.
- Ukuze ungalahleki, kungcono ukungayi ehlathini elingavamile ngaphandle kwabantu abajwayele khona. Ungakhohlwa ukukhokhisa ifoni ngaphambi kokuhamba, ungathatha ikhampasi kanye nomgibeli. Ehlathini, khumbula ngezimpawu izikhumbuzo.
- Thatha amanzi ahlanzekile nawe futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyayiphuza ukuze ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kungenzeki.
- Uma ufika ehlathini, thola induku ongayifaka ngayo amahlamvu ukuze ungaguquki njalo.
- Ukungabaza okuncane kakhulu mayelana nokubonakala kwe-fungus kuyisizathu sokushiya ehlathini. Ingozi kuleso simo yinto engavamile, ubuthi obunobuthi bamakhowe bunzima kakhulu ukunqoba.
- Ukuze ungadli kanye namakhowe wamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, ungathathi lezo zitshalo ezikhula eduze kwemigwaqo, izindawo zezimboni kanye nezinye izindawo zokudambisa izinto ezinobuthi.
- Sika i-mushroom bese uyiphunga: iphunga elimnandi liyisibonakaliso samakhowa anobuthi.
- Asikho isidingo sokuthatha amakhowe angathandeki nawe ukuze ubone ulwazi mayelana nabo kwi-intanethi ekhaya. Izithombe ezimbi zekhwalithi nokukhanya kwesigameko kungenzeka kungabonakali umbala owenziwe.
- Ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho kufanele uqaphele ngokucophelela, hhayi nje ukuthi ungaphuthelwa amakhowe, kodwa futhi ungakhubeki, hhayi ukuwa, ukuze ungene phezu kwenyoka.
- Amakhomikhali akavami ukukhula yodwa, ngakho-ke bheka nxazonke, uma uthola eyodwa, bheka okuningi.
- Akunakwenzeka ukuzama amakhowe aluhlaza - amanye awo anobuthi efomeni lawo elihlaza, futhi okuphekweyo akulimazi.
- Ungawubhubhisi amakhowe awungawuthathi. Isikhunta esinobuthi siphinde senze imisebenzi ethile ohlelweni lwendalo.
- I-fungus ayinqunywanga emhlabathini, kodwa iyalwelwa ngokucophelela ukuze ingalimazi i-mycelium futhi idale ukubola kwayo.
- Ngamakhowe we-lamellar, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukungabikho kwe "isikhwama" ngezansi kanye "nesketi" ngaphansi kwekhanda.
- Amakhowe kumele ahlanzwe, ahlanzwe futhi aphekwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze angadli.
Kubalulekile! Amakhowe amadala angadliwa angabe enobuthi. Ingozi nayo ibolile futhi ibolile.
Kunzima ukuthola umuntu ongenqaba ukudla amakhowe. Uma unquma ukuziqoqa ngokwakho, funda kuqala isihloko kahle.
Ngakho-ke, esifundeni saseSaratov ungakwazi ukuvuna isitshalo esikhulu samakhowe anambithekayo futhi anempilo, kodwa udinga ukwazi ukuthi kuphi, nini, nokuthi yiziphi okufanele uzibheke. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa amakhowe adlekayo avela ezinobuthi, ngoba ubuthi buzotholakala kuphela uma kuzobe sekwephuzile kakhulu ukwenza okuthile ukulondoloza impilo.
Kungcono ukubuyela ehlathini ngaphandle kwamakhowe, kunokuba uzame ukuqeda ukudla ngokungaziwa, ngoba izibonelo eziningi ziyaziwa uma ngisho nabaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi bephutha.
