Isigaba Amakhowe

Abaqoqi be-mushroom abaqoqa i-govorushki baziwa kahle - phakathi kwalawa amakhowe kukhona nezinhlobo ezingenakutholakala. Ngaphambi kokuba uthumele okutholakele kubhasikidi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiliphi uhlobo labakhulumi. Uma ngisho nokungabaza okuncane kuvela ukuthi i-mushroom edliwayo, kungcono ukungayithathi. Ngezansi sicabangela izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-govorushek: i-orange, ebusika, i-anise, i-goblet nezinye izinhlobo (ezidliwayo nezingenayo).

Ama-Butters afaneleka ukuhamba ngezinyawo kunanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe. Ukunambitheka kwebhotela emva kokuhlanza kuyamnandi kunokuba ngemuva kokucubungula nganoma iyiphi enye indlela. Izinduna ezinenjabulo enkulu zenza amalungiselelo anjalo ebusika. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokupheka amafutha okudoba. Into esemqoka ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe obufanele bokulungiselela amakhowe bese ucabangela ezinye izici zokukhethwa kwazo.

I-Ryzhiki - amakhowe athandwayo ahlonishwa yizipheki zokunambitheka nokuxilonga ekuphekeni. Aphekiwe, aphekwe, aqoshiwe futhi anamafutha. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezindlela zokulondoloza umkhiqizo owusizo ebusika. Mayelana nokubukeka nokunambitheka. I-mushroom inombala okhanyayo omnyama noma umbala obomvu-orange, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona i-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-cap.

Amakhowe we-violin anamagama ambalwa - ayaziwa njenge-creak, euphorbia, i-podskrebysh milky. Kodwa kubantu kuthiwa yi-creak nje. Futhi konke ngenxa yomsindo owenzayo lapho egoqa ama-caps amakhowe noma ewaqhayisa ngomese. Ungayithola kanjani nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukupheka okuthile nayo - sizokwazi ukuqhubeka.

Njengoba sebethole isinkwa esibunjiwe etafuleni, bambalwa abantu abayojabula. Kubantu abaningi, lokhu kuyinto engavamile, kodwa evamile. Nakuba empeleni isikhunta esimhlophe, noma i-mushroom ka-mukor, asiyona elula njengoba kubonakala ekuqaleni. Namuhla emhlabeni kukhona izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 zalesi siko. Abanye babo baye bafunda ukusebenzisa emisebenzini yabo, kodwa kukhona nalawo ayingozi empilweni.

Ukuhamba ehlathini lasekwindla kuhlinzeka ithuba lokuphefumula umoya omusha, ujabulele ubuhle bemvelo bese ubutha amakhowe. Ukuya "ekuzingeleni okuthulile", udinga ukugxila ekuqinisekiseni kwamakhowe. Esihlokweni sethu sizoxoxa ngomunye wabo - isiPolish. Okudliwayo noma cha Anamagama amaningana - lena i-pansky, ne-chestnut, futhi "nenkosi yama-mokhovikov" noma i-pellets.

Wonke umuntu ujwayele amakhowe afana no-amanita. Zitholakala ezincwadini, ezindabeni zezingane. Ama-amanita abomvu yi-mushroom ebonakalayo kakhulu emhlabeni. Namuhla sizohlolisisa izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-mushroom, sikhulume ngokubukeka, futhi sikutshele ukuthi bakhulaphi. Thola ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezidliwayo zama-mushroom.

I-Ryzhiki ingenye yamakhowe avamile kakhulu ezindaweni ezihamba phambili - azigcini nje ngokuba nezici zokunambitheka kakhulu, kodwa nazo zinezinto eziwusizo. Lapho bekhula khona, yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona, indlela yokuqoqa nokuvuna amakhowe, ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu iRyzhiki ziphakathi kwabameleli be-genre Mlechnik, okubandakanya cishe ama-subspecies angu-7 - obomvu, i-salmon, i-alpine nabanye.

I-Poddubovik, noma i-dubovik mushroom, yizinhlobo ezingavamile ezikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Lapho ukuqoqa amakhowe, ukuthi ubheka kanjani, ukuhlanza i-subdub nokulungisa isidlo esihlwabusayo kuso - ake sibheke. Edible noma cha Le mushroom ye-genus Boletus ingokwesigaba samakhowe akhathele okwesikhashana.

Noma ubani ongaqondi amakhowe, unomkhawulo ekuthengeni kwakhe esitolo. Phela, ama-mushroom nama-oyster amakhowe, akhule ngaphansi kwelanga elenziweyo, avuselela ukuzethemba ngaphezu kwezipho ezingokwemvelo ezingaziwa. Kodwa abaqoqi be-mushroom beqiniso ngeke bakwazi ukwaneliswa ukunambitheka kwezithelo okungabheki izinaliti futhi hhayi ukugezwa emazolo amasa.

Inhlonipho eCrimea idume ngenani elikhulu lama-mushroom ahlukahlukene angabonakali emahlathini kuphela, kodwa nasemagqumeni, endaweni enotshani eduze kwemikhawulo, emaphethelweni ehlathi, emadolobheni avulekile, ezindaweni eziphakeme. Izimo zezulu ze-peninsula zifaka isandla ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lapha inkathi yamakhowe ihlala izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi iphele ekwindla sekwephuzile.

Phakathi kwezindlela eziningi zokupheka zokucubungula ukudla ngaphambi kokupheka, isihloko esibucayi kunazo zonke yisandulela ngaphambi kokuphathwa kwezifo. Wonke umsizi womuntu okungenani kanye, kepha wazibuza: kufanele ahlanzwe nokuthi angabalungiselela kanjani ukugcina noma ukulungiselela izitsha ezahlukene. Izimpendulo zemibuzo yamanje mayelana nokucubungula okulungile kwamakhowe zingatholakala kulwazi olwethulwe.

Ngomhla ka-Ephreli-Meyi, ukukhishwa kwemigqa kuvela emahlathini. Zingaba izilwane ezifanelekile futhi ziyakwazisa "abazingeli abazingelayo". Indlela nokuthi ungabheka kanjani imigqa, ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani futhi ungabuthi, kanye nokupheka kwezitsha - kulesi sihloko. Incazelo ye-botanical Imigqa ibhekisela kuhlobo lwe-fungus marsupial yomndeni we-Discinaceae (i-Discinaceae).

Abantu abaningi bathanda ukukhetha amakhowe bese bepheka izitsha ezihlukahlukene ezivela kubo. Lesi sipho semvelo sikuvumela ukuthi ukwandise amathuba okucubungula. Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ngokubonakala kwesibhakabhaka esiphuzile-sulfur, lapho sikhula khona, ukuthi singakuqoqa kanjani. Sifunda okuningi mayelana nezakhiwo zayo nezindlela zokulungiselela. Incazelo kanye nezithombe Sulphurous Cranberry iyilungu lomndeni wasePolporov.

Ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamakhowe we-govorushka, i-giant govorushka edlayo ifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile, ukubonakala okuthakazelisayo kanye nenani lezinto ezinhle. Incazelo kanye nesithombe sefungus i-Govorushka giant (ngokusho kwesigaba sesayensi seLeucopaxillus giganteus noma i-Leusopaxillus enkulu) singokwesihlobo seBelosvinushka futhi siyingxenye yomndeni wakwaRow.

Isikhathi samakhowe esifundeni saseLeningrad siqala emva kwemvula yokuqala yasekwindla, kanti ukuqongelela kweqoqo ku-Okthoba. Ungawaqoqa ezindaweni ezingalindelekile kakhulu.Uma ungumuntu othakazelisayo we-mushroom picker, khona-ke kuyoba khona okwanele izindawo ezimbalwa lapho ungathola khona imali enjalo ukuthi awukwazi ukudla kuphela okwamanje, kodwa futhi ulungiselele ukusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo.

Nakuba kungokwemvelo ukucabanga ukuthi ubusika akusona isikhathi sokuqoqa amakhowe, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka kukhona amakhowe ehlathini abesabi isimo sezulu esibanda. Cabanga ngezinto zokuqoqa nezisebenzisekayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi emithini yemithi yasebusika nokupheka. Incazelo ye-flammulin mushroom, noma i-moth yasebusika, i-mushroom encane edlayo evela emndenini waseRyadovkov obukeka njenge-honey agarics.

I-autumn inikeza amakhowe amaningi ahlukene. Zingaqoqwa kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya kuNovemba. Zigcinwe kangcono kunokuthi, isibonelo, ehlobo. Phakathi kwazo kunezinto eziningi ezihlwabusayo, ezifanele izinjongo ezihlukahlukene zokupheka. Siphakamisa ukuthi ujwayele izinto ezivame kakhulu. I-mushroom emhlophe Masiqale ukujwayelana nommeleli wombuso wama-mushroom, owaziwayo ngabantu ngokuthi "inkosi yama-mushroom", ngoba kubhekwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ezimfanelweni zokudla okunomsoco nokunambitha.

Ukuvuna kunamakhono amaningi ayigugu. Kodwa njengoba ziwumqondo ohlangene owenza wonke uhlobo lwezinyosi ezidliwayo nezinobuthakathaka, abantu abaningi bawadlula. Ngisho nabaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi abahlale bengena engozini yokuqoqa izinhlanzi ezinjalo zehlathi, besaba ukudidanisa nabo nabazalwane abangenakuthola.

I-Rovovka emhlophe, noma i-tricholome emhlophe (igama lesiLatini - i-albhamu ye-Tricholoma), - i-mushroom yama-agaric emhlabathini engumndeni wakwa-Ryadovkovye. I-white ryadovka "ifihliwe ngokuphelele" ngezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe. Ngokuvamile abaqoqi be-mushroom amateur babeka lo mmele umbuso wamakhowa ebhasikisini abo. Umbuzo wokuthi ukubhekana ne-tricholy emhlophe, kungakanani okudliwayo, nokuthi ngabe kunengqondo ukuyiyisa ekhaya, kuzokuxoxwa kulesi sihloko.