I-Poddubovik, noma i-dubovik mushroom, yizinhlobo ezingavamile ezikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Lapho ukuqoqa amakhowe, ukuthi ubheka kanjani, ukuhlanza i-subdub nokulungisa isidlo esihlwabusayo kuso - ake sibheke.
Kudla noma cha
Leli amakhowe we-borovik genus ingokwesigaba samakhowe asetshenziswe ngokomzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-mushroom iyadliwa uma iphekwe - ngokufanayo okuluhlaza akukwazi ukusetshenziswa: kungabangela ukudakwa komzimba. I-mushroom ye-Dubovik iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ezibhujiswa kuphela ngemithi yokushisa.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi abamele borovik ezidliwayo futhi ezingenakulungiswa.
Ukubukeka
Igama lomuntu we-poddubovik oluthola ngenxa yendawo yokusabalalisa - lawa amakhowe akhula ikakhulukazi eduze kwe-oak groves. Ngokusho kwedatha yangaphandle kufana nalokhu amakhowe amhlophe. 
Hat
Ingafinyelela emasimini amnandi (kufika ku-23 cm ububanzi). Umbala uhluka kusuka eluhlaza okhanyayo kuya obala obomvu futhi obomvu. Isici sesici se-poddubovik - uma uqhafaza ku-cap kukhona ama-specks amancane afana nesikhathi. Ukuma kwe-cap kuyinto ejwayelekile: i-hemisphere, ingaba ne-hillock phakathi nendawo yekhanda, futhi mhlawumbe, ngokuphambene nalokho, igcwele ngokuphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona i-cap, nxazonke kusuka kuzo zonke iziphetho, igqugquzela umlenze, njengekhanda. Ngaphansi kwethonya lomswakama, i-hat of the sub-indicator iba esicabayo futhi enamathele, enzima kakhulu ekuthinteni. 
Umlenze
Kuye ngobukhulu be-cap, ingafinyelela ku-20 cm ukuphakama. Umlenze unamandla, ukhululekile, ofana namagundane. Umbala wemilenze ubuye uhlukaniswe nomnqumo ukuya obala obunzima. Ngaphezu kobude obubanzi, kukhona iphethini lemifino lapho i-pores encane ebomvu ivela khona. Uma ucindezela emlenzeni ungase uhlanganiswe namabala bluish.
Uyazi? Kwezinye izindawo, i-dubovik ibizwa ngokuthi "i-mushroom eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" noma "kuphazamisekile" - wathola lesi sidlaliso ngenxa yokuthi uyakwazi ukuthola ithambo elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma exhumana nomoya.
Pulp
I-Podubovik pulp ihlale iphuzi, uma uxhumane nomoya iba yintambo ye-bluish. Ukunambitheka nokuhogela kwifomu eluhlaza akuchazwanga, akukho ubukhali obubukhali noma obukhulu. It is texture texture. 
I-Spore powder
Izinhlamvu ze-poddubovika zihlale zibiza, ubukhulu buka-10-17h5.2-6.2 mm. Umbala we-powder uhlukile - kusuka emnqandeni nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya obomvu nomnyama omnyama.
Amakhomikhali Amabili
I-Dubovik inokufana okukhulu nakakhulu amakhowe amhlophe - bafana ngokufanayo hhayi nje ukubonakala okufanayo, kodwa futhi isikhathi sokuvuthwa: ekupheleni kwangase-ekuqaleni kuka-september. 
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-poddubovik ne-fungus emhlophe yikhono layo lokumbozwa ngama-blue specks uma ucindezelwe noma uxhumane nomoya, kanye nesimo se-mesh iphethini emlenzeni.
Funda kabanzi mayelana namakhowe amhlophe: izinhlobo, izakhiwo, ukuvuna (ukuqandisa); futhi nokuthi yiziphi amakhowe akhula ngoMeyi.
Uma wenza iphutha bese uqoqa amakhowe amhlophe esikhundleni se-poddubovik, ngeke kube khona umonakalo: i-mushroom emhlophe ayidli nje kuphela futhi ayinabungozi, kodwa futhi iyanambitheka kakhulu, okungenakusho amakhowe kaSathane - enobuthi futhi enobuthi. 
Ihluke kwi-dubovik enomlenze okhudlwana, ukungabi khona kwephethini elixubile kuyo, iphunga elibi elibukhali nombala we-cap: kusuka kumhlophe kuya komnqumo. Ngokuvamile i-mushroom kaSathane ikhula nge-dubovik - iyenzela eduze kwe-oak, beech, i-chestnut, i-linden, eyandisa kakhulu ingozi yokudideka nge-boletus edlayo.
Kubalulekile! I-fungus kaSathane emazweni athile kubhekwa njengokwesidlo, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi ubuthi bayo bungabangela ukuhlushwa. Uma ungabaza futhi awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziphilayo phambi kwakho okuyi-dubovik noma i-mushroom yama-mushan, kungcono ukuthi ungagcini ama-specimens anjalo noma usebenzise usizo lomculi we-mushroom onolwazi.
Enye i-poddubovika kabili iyadla i-boletus ephuzi - Ama-mushroom, ajwayelekile emahlathini aseYurophu aseNtshonalanga. Umehluko omkhulu ovela kwi-dubovik umbala wekhanda nomlenze: ophuzi noma ophuzi ophuzi-orange, owenzela igama lesi sibonelo.
Ukuphi futhi nini ukuqoqa
I-Dubovik yakha futhi ivuthwe ngenkathi efudumele - kusukela maphakathi noJuni kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Ukusabalaliswa emahlathini namahlathi ahlanganisiwe aseYurophu, kutholakala eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ingakwazi ukukhula hhayi eduze kwamaphethelo ama-oak, kodwa futhi eduze ne-birch, beech, i-chestnut. Inhlabathi ethandekayo yokubala, ikhwalithi yomoya nayo ikhetha: i-dubovik ayifuni ezindaweni ezingcolile noma eduze nemigwaqo emikhulu. Omunye wemibandela yokukhula uyinani elanele elangeni. Ngezinye izikhathi kutholakala ezindaweni ezinomkhumbi.
Zijwayeze ngezinhlu zezinhlobo ezidliwayo ezidliwayo zamakhowe kanye namakhowe e-TOP-15 adlekile e-Ukraine.
Ukudla
Leli howa livame ukusetshenziselwa njengesisekelo sokudla okubabayo, kanye nesidlo esizimele esizimele. Zonke izingxenye ze-dubovik zisetshenziselwa: umlenze kanye nekhanda abanalo ukuthungwa okuqinile, ngakho-ke baphathwa kahle ngokushisa. Ngenxa yokuntula ukunambitheka komuntu ngamunye, lapho epheka amakhowe anjalo, kusetshenzwa inqwaba yezinongo nezinongo. 
Kanjani futhi kanjani ukupheka
Ngenxa yokuthi i-subdub iqukethe inani elithile lezinyosi, akunakwenzeka ukuyipheka ngaphandle kokuyibeka ngaphambili. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokupheka, i-dubovik yahlanza futhi yahlanzwa igcinwe emanzini anosawoti cishe imizuzu engu-20-30. Khona-ke, cwilisa amanzi, thumba i-dubovik emanzini amasha imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwangu-30 kusukela ngesikhathi sokubilisa - kuye ngobukhulu be-poddubovik. I-dubovik eyomile ingaphansi kokupheka okuphoqelekile - ibilisiwe ngamaminithi angu-30: lesi silinganiso sesikhathi siyokwanela zonke izici ezinobuthi be-mushroom omisiwe ukuba zibhujiswe ngokuphelele.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokuvuna amakhowe: ukukhethwa, ukusawoti, ukuma, ukukhanda.
Indlela yokupheka
I-poddubik imbula impela ukunambitheka kwayo nephunga ngesikhathi sokukhamba: ngokulandela imithetho kanye ne-recipe, ithola ukunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu.
Ukuze kulungiswe izidingo ze-dubovik ezifakwe emanzini:
- i-podduboviki - 1 kg.;
- Iviniga 9% - 2 wezipuni;
- i-citric acid;
- amanzi - 250 ml;
- ushukela - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- usawoti - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- i-allspice no-pepper omnyama, i-garlic, i-clove, i-dill, i-coriander-ukunambitha.
Indlela yokulungiselela:
- I-Dubovik ehlutshiwe, ehlanziwe futhi egalelwe iphekwe imizuzu engu-15-20. Khona-ke amanzi kufanele adonswe.
- Lungiselela i-marinade: ulethe amanzi emathumba, ushukela, usawoti, i-peppercorns, i-dill, i-coriander nama-clove. Bilisa amaminithi angu-5-7 ngemva kokubilisa.
- Faka i-duboviki ebilisiwe embizeni, uthele i-marinade uphinde uhlanganise uviniga nogalikhi.
- Imbiza ivalwe ngokuqinile, ivunyelwe ukupholisa ekamelweni lokushisa.
Le podduboviki eqoshiwe igcinwe endaweni epholile (ingaba emkhathini noma emakamelweni).Uyazi? I-Dubovik mushroom nayo isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelashwa: ezinye amino acid ezakhiweni zayo zingavimbela ukwakheka nokusabalalisa kwezicubu ezimbi, kanye ne-tincture ngesisekelo se-poddubovik esetshenziswa ukuphatha ukucindezeleka nokukhathala okungapheli.
Ukuqapha kanye nezimpawu zobuthi
I-Dubovik, ngokungafani ne-ryezhik noma i-boletus ephuzi, ayikwazi ukudliwa eluhlaza: iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ezingabangela ukulimala okukhulu emzimbeni. Kumele kubiliswe, kuthosiwe noma kuhanjiswe ngaphambi kokudliwa. Akunconywa ukuba udle i-podduboviki inhlanganisela neziphuzo ezidakayo, kanye nabantu abanenkinga yegciwane lokugaya. Izingane, abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nomama abahlengikazi kumele futhi bangadli i-podduboviki: ngenxa yokulungiselela okungalungile, banganciphisa kakhulu imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba.
Izimpawu ze-pobovik ubuthi yizi:
- ubuhlungu obunzima esiswini;
- isiyaluyalu;
- isiyezi;
- i-blanching;
- ukubonakala kwamabala aluhlaza noma okuphuzi esikhumbeni;
- umkhuhlane nomkhuhlane.
Lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala zokudakwa, ngokushesha uhlanza esiswini ngamanzi ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate futhi ushayele ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo: kungenzeka ukuthi uphekile futhi wadla i-fungus enobuthi. Noma yikuphi ukulibaziseka kungadla ukuphila, ngakho-ke noma ngabe uzizwa ungakhululekile, usacela usizo kudokotela. 
I-Poddubovik iyizinhlobo ezingavamile ezingatholakali ehlathini. Noma kunjalo, yena, ngokulungiselela kahle, unomdla omuhle kakhulu nephunga elimnandi, futhi izitsha ezivela kuso zingaba umhlobiso ofanele wetafula. Qaphela lapho uqoqa futhi upheka i-dubovik: cabanga kahle ngamakhowe ngaphambi kokuyilungisa-mhlawumbe kukhona ukubukeka okunobuthi phakathi kwamafomu okuqoqiwe. Bheka umthengi we-mushroom onolwazi noma ungapheki ngamakhowe asolisayo: uzozivikela ekungcoleni ubuthi.
