Isithombe kanye nencazelo yamakhowe aseCrimea

Isiqhingi saseCrimea sidume ngenani elikhulu lama-mushroom ahlukahlukene hhayi avela emahlathini kuphela, kodwa nasemagqumeni, endaweni enotshani eduze kwemikhawulo, emaphethelweni ehlathi, emadolobheni avulekile, ezindaweni ezisezintabeni.

Izimo zezulu ze-peninsula zifaka isandla ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lapha inkathi yamakhowe ihlala izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi iphele ekwindla sekwephuzile.

Ukusakazwa kwamakhowe eCrimea

I-Crimea icebile ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhowe, futhi isikhathi ngasinye sehlukile. Ngokuvamile, inkathi yama-mushroom iqala ngemva kokuphela kwehlobo laseNdiya, kodwa izilwane eziningi ze-eukaryotic zingavuna cishe unyaka wonke.

Hlola izinhlobo ezidumile zamakhowe ezidliwayo.

Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu nezivamile ziyi: amakhowe, i-govorushki, uju agaric, ama-boletus, ama-chanterelles, amagundane amancane nama-raincoats. Ezindaweni zehlathi nama-stepp of the peninsula, kutholakala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 zezinto eziphilayo, okutholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezidliwayo nezinobuthi. Amakhowe okuqala angatholakala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ezindaweni ezingasemaphandleni nasemasimini. Ngokushesha ngemva kweqhwa licibilikile, ama-morels amancane, ama-goladchas, ama-raincoats enza indlela yawo. Isikhathi sasehlobo sikuvumela ukuba ujabulele ngokugcwele inkathi yama-mushroom bese uqoqa amakhowe ahlukahlukene: amhlophe, amafutha, uju agaric. Ngokweqile kuya efrijini kakhulu, abaqoqi be-mushroom abachwepheshe bathola amagundane noma, njengoba bebizwa nangokuthi, i-gray ryadovok. Kuphelele, izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1 500 zama-micromycetes nama-mushroom we-cap zikhula esiqhingini, esasakazeke emachwebeni, emahlathini, ezindaweni ezisehlathini, nasemaphethelweni emizi namadolobhana, emaphethelweni ehlathi nasemadlelweni.

Uyazi? Njengoba isimo sezulu saseCrimea sibonakala ngokungahambi kahle kwayo, ngisho nabaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi abakwazi ukucacisa ngokuqondile ukuqala kwenkathi yamakhowe. Yingakho kungeke kwenzeke ukuthuthukisa ikhalenda yokuqoqa izinhlobo ezithile.

Amakhomikhali edlayo

I-peninsula idume ngenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ze-eukaryotic, kodwa abachwepheshe bazo bakhetha abajwayele futhi abaziwayo:

• Amakhowe amhlophe entabeni noma i-giant govorushka. Ungayithola kusukela ehlobo kuze kuphakathi kwekwindla, emahlathini azinqamule noma ayenama-coniferous. Ama-Ceps, okuzalelwa kuyo yiCrimea, akhula ngamaqembu, ngakho-ke, uma kukhona omunye ummeleli ngaphansi kwesihlahla, cishe, "abafowabo" bakhe baseduze. Ukuqaphela i-fungus elimhlophe elimhlophe lilula, linomshini omkhulu, onamafutha wesakhiwo esibushelelezi, sombala omubala ombala obomvu. Umlenze wayo ukhululekile, ngokuphathelene ne-cap - encane, enezintambo ezincane noma i-powdery coating. Govorushka inyama enhle ye-beige, iphunga elimnandi. I-mushroom omdala ingase ibe ne-aftertaste embi kakhulu. Ama-gingerbreads awaphiki isikhathi eside, kufanele asetshenziswe ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna - okuthosiwe, okuphekwe, okubilisiwe, njll.

• Ama-Chanterelles noma ama-cockerels. Okuvame kakhulu esifundeni saseSimferopol. Baqoqwa futhi nasezindaweni zaseBakchisaray, eBelilogors naseKrov. I-Chanterelles ikhetha indawo enelanga, i-glades yamahlathi, i-glades, ingafunyanwa nasemasosini, eduze kwe-spruces, amapayipi nama-birches. Zakhula ngamaqembu, ziqala ngeyokuqala nokuphela ngenyanga eledlule yehlobo. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-chanterelles ukungabi nokushintsha okucacile kusuka emlenzeni kuya ku-cap. I-last is bushelelezi kakhulu, inesimo esingavamile ne-groove emaphethelweni aphakathi nendawo. Umlenze unomzimba omncane, unciphisa phansi. Ama-chanterelles afanayo, kusuka ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza kuya ku-orange, umbala. Inyama iminyene, inyama, ayinakho iphunga elibi kakhulu. Ukunambitheka kuyamnandi, ngobunzima obuthakathaka. Amakhowe ahanjiswe kahle, angahlali. Kufanelekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo - oluphekiwe, oluthosiwe, oluphekiwe, olufakwe emathinini, njll.

Funda ukuthi ama-chanterelles asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kanjani, ukuhlukanisa kanjani i-chanterelle yangempela kumuntu oyimanga nokuthi ungalungisa kanjani amakhowe ebusika: i-frozen noma i-pickle.



• Amagundane noma i-ryadovki grey. Kukhona ekwindla, ngo-September-Okthoba. Kubo, abaqoqi be-mushroom baya emzaneni waseKolchugino noma endaweni ye-laboratory yaseCrimea. Amagundane anezinhlobo eziningana ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ekudleni, kodwa kunzima kumuntu owaziwa ngamakhowe angenalwazi ukuze ahlukanise nezinto ezimazayo. Amakhowe adliwayo anesigqoko se-conical esinezingqimba ezinamathele kancane. Ephakathi kwesikhala simelela i-tubercle. Umbala we-cap uhluka kusukela ekukhanyeni kuya kumfutho omnyama. Ngemuva kwemvula, ubuso buba buthaka futhi bunamathele, ngenxa yokuthi amahlamvu abambelela kumakhowe futhi kunzima ukubona enotshini. Umlenze we-fungus ukhulu kakhulu, unomzimba omncane, unwetshiwe kancane futhi unombala ophuzi ophuzi noma ophuzi. Inyama iminyene, kepha iyisibindi, ekhonjiswe ngendlala ebuthakathaka ye-powdery. Ryadovki othosiwe, obilisiwe, oqoshiwe, asetshenziselwa amasaladi, ama-pastries, amasoso.

Thola okuningi mayelana nokuthi kubonakala kanjani, lapho ikhula khona, futhi yini engayilungisa kusuka kusibabule.


• Uju lwe-agaric. Zingaqoqwa kulo lonke ekwindla, ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala. Amakhomikhali ayatholakali atholakala ngabanye, akhula ngamaqembu aphelele ezihlahleni, iziqu. Bathanda inhlabathi emanzi. Ikhanda labancane liyi-concave elingaphakathi ngaphakathi, kodwa njengoba likhula liba luhlaka. Umlenze ubude, cishe ngo-10-20 cm. Isigqoko sombala ofanayo nomlenze uju, kodwa ubuso bawo buhlanganiswa nezikali ezincane, okwenza kubonakale sengathi i-mushroom ensundu.

Ukuze ungawa amakhowe angenakulungiswa, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhowe ezidliwayo nezingenakudliwa. Abesifazane besifazane bayothola izindlela zokupheka ezenziwe ngamanzi, eziqhwa, amakhowe akasawoti.

Uyazi? Amakhowe aqoqiwe hhayi kuphela ehlathini, angatholakala nakanjani emasimini noma emasimini.

• Maslata Indawo abasatshalaliswa ngayo yi-peninsula yonke, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke agxile e-Ai-Petri plateau, edolobheni laseZelenogorskoye naseStroganovka. Ukukhetha ama-glades ase-sunny, emaphethelweni ehlathi, emadlelweni. I-boletus ye-mushroom isipho sangempela - sinamafutha amaningi, amhlophe, amakhulu amakhulu, enobuso obunamafutha obuhlaza, obunobunzima obubomvu. I-cap inomumo wesimo sezulu, kamuva iphelele. Umlenze omkhulu okhudlwana ukhula ufike ku-11 cm, umthunzi okhanyayo ohlukile. Ngenxa yezindawo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo nokubukeka, amafutha kunzima kakhulu ukudidanisa nezinye izinhlobo zefungi.


Zijwayeze ngezindawo ezizuzisayo ze-boilers, kanye nendlela yokuzihlanza ngokushesha futhi uzilungiselele ebusika.

• Ryzhiki. Isikhathi saseRyzhikov - ihlobo laseNdiya, lapho likhula ngamaningi emagqumeni aseningizimu ye-peninsula, edolobheni laseRybachye. Amakhowe afana nezindawo ezipholile, ezinomthunzi. Khula ngamaqembu ngaphansi kwezihlahla, imifula, fossa longitudinal nemifula. I-Ryzhiki ine-cap enkulu kakhulu ye-orange enobubanzi obuyi-12 cm, ehlanganiswe ngamacwecwe abomvu avela ngezansi, okuthi, uma ucindezelekile, uthatha uhlaka oluhlaza. Umlenze we-fungus ubukhulu, kuze kube ngu-2 cm ububanzi, inyama iyinyene, ithokoza amnandi ngokubhala izithelo ezikhanyayo. I-Ryzhiki iphekwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, into eyinhloko ukwengeza izinongo ezinomusa kubo.

• Izimvula zemvula. Lezi amakhowe zifana namagciwane, angeke abe nobuthi. Ungabathola emahlathini amancane, cishe yonke indawo. Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo ezimbili zemvula zihanjiswa ensimini yeCrimea: i-giant ne-pear-shaped. Owokuqala uyakwazi ukukhula kufika ku-34 cm. Amakhowe ahlukile ngendlela ejikelezayo, ifomu eliphakathi kwe-pear, abe nombala omhlophe, isikhumba esinamahloni amancane, okugcina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kutholakala i-tint yellow.

Kubalulekile! Ama-raincoats amancane kuphela afanele ukupheka, kuphela ngenyama emhlophe.

Amakhowe anobuthi eCrimea

Isiqhingi saseCrimea sidume hhayi nje kuphela ngenani elikhulu lamakhowe adlekayo, ensimini yalo ikhula ngezinhlobo eziningi ezinobuthi. Amaningi awo afana kakhulu nokudla, futhi abaqoqi be-mushroom abangenalwazi kulula ukuwaphazamisa, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuba uqale "ukuzingela okuthulile," kufanele ufunde izici zesakhiwo kanye nezibonakaliso zangaphandle zezinto eziphilayo ezinobuthi obuhlaza.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-fungi engenakulinganiswa. Cabangela ngamunye wabo ngokwehlukana.

Okuyingozi Kungozi

• I-grebe yama-Pale - i-fungus enobuthi kakhulu engabangela ukufa. Nguye owezinye izikhathi obangela imbangela yobuthi. I-fungus ikhetha inhlabathi evundile, ihlanganiswe i-oak namahlathi e-beech. Ikhanda le-toadstool linokuhlelwa kwe-hemisphere, kamuva liba ngaphezulu nxazonke. Umbala - kusuka ku-grey kuya eluhlaza. Umlenze omncane, kuze kube ngu-2.5 cm ukuphakama. Inyama imhlophe, ikhuni, ithambile, iphunga elimnandi nelinambitha. Esinye sezibonakaliso eziyinhloko ze-toadstool ezimhlophe kuba khona kwesiketi esikhulu esimhlophe ngaphansi komlenze.

Kubalulekile! Ayikho indlela yokwelapha ukushisa ayilondolozi i-toadstool kusukela ebuhlungu besifo esibulalayo. Ukungena kwe-30 g kuphela ye-fungus kungabangela ukudakwa okukhulu, ngisho nokufa.

• Amanita omhlophe - i-toadstool eqondile, yangaphandle kakhulu efana nayo, futhi isifo esinobuthi obubulalayo. Ikhula emahlathini amancane, ithanda umhlabathi we-lime. Ikhanda le-mushroom omdala ligcwele, elimhlophe ngombala, elilinganiselwa ku-10.5 cm. Inyama yayo imhlophe, kunalokho ilukhuni, inomusa ongajabulisayo nomnandi. Umlenze omncane, owehla phansi, isakhiwo esibushelelezi. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-mushroom omhlophe yi-"skirt" efana neqanda ngaphansi komlenze. Uketshezi nge-fungus kubangela ukuhlanza, ukucwenga, isifo sohudo, ukuncipha kwengcindezi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

• I-bast slate ephuzi - Ummeleli we-honey agedics ongenazinyosi, ingozi ekhona ekufanisweni kwangaphandle ne "abazalwane" abadliwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka okunobuthi kuvezwe ngokungabikho kwendandatho esiteshini, esilungele amantombazane langempela. I-Lzhegrib ine-cap yellow-sulfur, ene-diameter efika ku-7 cm, okwenziwe ngekhanda. Esikhathini sokukhula, sanda futhi siba lula. Inyama iphuzi, ibaba, inephunga elimnandi. Umlenze omncane, obushelelezi, obunzima obukhulu obuncane obuncane. Ukufaka ubuthi nge-fox yamanga kwenzeka emaminithini ambalwa emva kokusetshenziswa kwayo. Umuntu uqala ukuzwa egula, ikhanda lakhe liphefumula, ukuhlanza nokukhwehlela kubonakala.

Isikhunta esinobuthi esinomphumela ohlelweni lwezinzwa

• I-Whitish - ingatholakala emahlathini amahlathi avulekile, amadlelo, amadlelo. I-mushroom ayinayo ishintsho esicacile phakathi kwekhanda nesiqu. Ukuma kwekhanda kuhambisane ne-convex noma okwakhiwa amaqanda, ngamaphethelo we-wavy, pink pink. Umlenze uphansi, kuze kube ngu-1 cm ubukhulu obuqinile. Inyama isinyene, ukusika akukona mnyama, kunomnandi omuhle we-mushroom kanye nephunga elimnandi. Isici esihlukile se-govorushki yi-plaque ye-mealy ebusweni be-cap. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-fungus akuholeli ekufeni, kodwa kubangela ukuhlanza, isisulu, ukuhluleka ukuphefumula, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo.

• Amanita obomvu - i-mushroom eyaziwa wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni, okuyinto, ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuyingqayizivele, ayikwazi ukudideka nezinye izinhlobo. I-cap yayo isinyene, i-hemispherical shape, ibomvu ngombala ngamachashazi amhlophe. I-Amanita ingavame ukutholakala enhlabathini enomsoco emahlathini ahlanganisiwe. I-fungus iqukethe izithako ezisebenzayo ukuthi, lapho zikhishwe esiswini, zibangele ukuhlolisisa, izinkinga zokuzwa nombono.

• Ama-fibers - uhlala e-loam, emahlathini axutshwe ne-coniferous. Ihlukaniswa nensimbi ehlotshiswe ngebell, okuyinto njengoba ikhula, iyaphuka iphinde iqhekeke. Ubuso bekhanda bubushelelezi, buhlaza, buyi-shades ehlukahlukene, kusukela oju lwegolide kuze kube mnyama. Inyama inephunga elimnandi, umlenze uphakeme, unomzimba omncane, unomphetho we-mealy. Qhathanisa i-fibrous nge-cap enjenge-bell.

Amakhowe abangela ubuthi nezinkinga ngesigungu samathumbu

• I-boletus e-Purple - Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, ithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo, izindawo zentaba, inhlabathi yelinestone, amahlathi ase-broadleaf. Kubonakala ngokuba khona kwekhanda elikhulu elimnyama elinjengobuso obungavamile. Uma ucindezela amabala amnyama ama-blue avela, ngenxa yokuthi ungayibona. Inyama inephunga elimnandi elingaqondakali, i-aftertaste elimnandi elinamanothi athile. Umlenze ubude, kufika ku-15 cm, ubukhulu-kufika ku-10 cm ububanzi, obomvu nombala obomvu obomvu.

• I-pink wave - I-fungus enobuthi engabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ekusebenzeni kwamathumbu. It has a little mucous, flat, phakathi nendawo, isigqoko sombala okhanyayo noma omnyama obomvana. Uma ucindezelwe, umbala we-cap uba mnyama. Isiqu sinesimo se-cylindrical, ukufana okunamandla kakhulu, kuze kufike ku-6 cm high. Yonke imimoya iphakamisa umusi omhlophe omhlophe, okubhekwa njengento yabo.

• I-fox-pseudo - isakazwa emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, ivela ngo-Agasti - Novemba. Ihluke kwi-chanterelles ezidliwayo ngomlenze omncane, obomvu onomthunzi wezitini. I-Cap mushroom i-convex noma i-funnel configuration, ine-hue ephuzi negolide, emnyama phakathi nendawo. Inyama ihlukile iphunga elimnandi.

Uyazi? Ama-chanterelles amanga abhekwa njengamakhowe anobuthi, kodwa kungcono ukungayisebenzisi. Kungabangela izinkinga ohlelweni lokugaya, umkhuhlane, ikhanda, ukuhlanza, njll.

Imigomo nezindawo

Isiqhingi saseCrimea siyathandwa kakhulu ngamakhethi amakhowe, ngoba inezindawo eziningi zamakhowe. Izindawo ezidume kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• izindawo zase-Ai-Petri naseDemerdzhi, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona abahlebezi abayiziqhwaga, amathumba;
• indawo esuka kuSevastopol kuya eBakhchisarai, lapho kunezakhi eziningi ze-chanterelles;
• indawo ye-steppe yama-estuaries eDonuzlav naseSasyk - amaqembu e-boletus agxila lapha;
• amahlathi aseRybachy naseSouth Coast, lapho amakhowe, ama-raincoats, ama-chanterelles akhula;
• indawo yeKolchugino kanye neCrimea Observatory, lapho inamba enkulu kakhulu yamagundane igxila khona;
• indawo ehamba ngezinyawo, izindawo ezinezihlahla ezibolayo zinezimvula ezinkulu;
• Isifunda saseStroganovsky kanye nomzana waseZelenogorsk, lapho kutholakala khona izikhumba ezivamile.

Isikhathi samakhowe esiqhingini saseCrimea siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese siphela ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngalesi sikhathi, abaqoqi be-mushroom bahlelwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhowe, ezihluka ngokubukeka, iphunga, ukunambitha. Kodwa-ke, lapho kusetshenzwa "ukuzingela okuthulile" akufanele ukukhohlwa ukuthi kukhona khona abamele amakhowa anobuthi, okuvame ukuguqulwa njengabangane babo abadliwayo. Uma kungekho ukuthembela kumakhowe, kungcono ukuliqeda futhi unikeze izintandokazi ezinhlotsheni ezijwayelekile nezibonisiwe.