I-Ryzhiki ingenye yamakhowe avamile kakhulu ezindaweni ezihamba phambili - azigcini nje ngokuba nezici zokunambitheka kakhulu, kodwa nazo zinezinto eziwusizo. Lapho bekhula khona, yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona, indlela yokuqoqa nokuvuna amakhowe, ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu
I-Ryzhiki iphakathi kwabameleli be-genre Mlechnik, ehlanganisa amagama angu-7 ama-subspecies - obomvu, i-salmon, i-alpine nabanye. Kulolu cala, kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhamela akhona ziyizinhlanzi ze-pin kanye nezihlahla ze-spruce.
Hlola uhlu lwamakhowe ezidliwayo futhi ezinobuthi, futhi ufunde ukuhlola amakhowe ukuze uqiniseke ngezindlela zomuntu.
Okwamanje
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa saleli camelina siwela phakathi kukaJune, futhi singatholakala ehlathini ngaphambi kokuqala ukupholisa (kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba). Kungokwesigaba sokuthi ngiyakwazi ukuwasebenzisa amakhowe (amakhowe adle kakhulu futhi anomsoco). Unayo izici zangaphandle ezilandelayo:
- isikhwama - umbala okhanyayo we-orange, obala, ubukhulu obukhulu (kufika ku-14 cm ububanzi). Phezu kwekhanda kukhona izindandatho ezizungezayo, ngezinye izikhathi ziwacwilisa i-plaque. Ifomu ine-standard - convex, spherical. Ukucindezeleka okuncane kungase kube phakathi kwekhanda, futhi emaphethelweni azogoqa ngaphakathi (ikakhulukazi amakhowe amakhulu). Ubuso bubushelelezi, butha kancane futhi bunamathele.
- umlenze - obukhulu, obukhulu (kufika ku-10 cm ukuphakama). Umbala njalo uhambelana nomthunzi oyisisekelo we-cap. Unyawo lubi kakhulu nge-shcherbinka encane noma imigodi. Ingahlanganiswa nesibhamu esincane. Kumathinini aphezulu kancane, ukwakha isilinda esingavumelani.
- amarekhodi - omncane, obuthakathaka, obambezele phansi phansi kwekhanda. Ngokuvamile amapuleti afika ngaphansi komlenze we-fungus (engabi ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa yesithathu yobude bomlenze). Umbala u-orange, onobuciko obubomvu, kepha uma ucindezela ipuleti uthole ithotela elihlaza.
- i-pulp - Ukuthungqwa okunamandla, umbala ohlotshisiwe we-orange. Emoyeni ovulekile kungase kube luhlaza.
- ijusi - eningi futhi eningi, enhle kumnandi.
Uyazi? I-Ryzhiki - yibo kuphela abameleli bamakhowe emhlabeni abanomsola wobisi obomvu.
U-spruce
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zekhamelina zathola igama layo ngenxa yokuthi zakhiwe indawo - amakhowe ase-fir kuphela akhula eduze nezimpande zepruysi noma ku-spruce litter. Kuyinto i-mushroom edliwayo. Idatha yangaphandle:
- isikhwama - kufinyelela ku-7 cm ububanzi, inombhobho ephoqelekile phakathi. Amaphethelo aphephile, aphikisiwe kuya phansi. Okhulile i-eloviki, lapho i-cap yabo ithatha ngokwengeziwe umdwebo we-funnel. Ikhasi ngaphandle kokukhwabanisa. Lapho umoya omanzi uba mnandi kulokhu okuthinta. Umbala uhluka kusuka ku-orange kuze kube mnyama, izindandatho nezindawo ezigxile kwi-cap zihlale zimnyama kunombala wesisekelo. Uma ulimaza isikhumba esibucayi se-cap, uzothola uboya oluhlaza;
- umlenze - ukufika ku-6 cm ukuphakama, okuncane (kufikela ku-1 cm ububanzi), obuthakathaka futhi obuthakathaka. Ukuma kwe-cylindrical kuya kwesisekelo kunciphisa kancane. Umbala ufana ne-cap;
- amarekhodi - eningi, ejwayelekile, wehla phansi komlenze. Unomthunzi okhanyayo uma uqhathaniswa ne-cap;
- i-pulp - i-orange, ngesikhathi sokuphumula i-peyinti yaqala ngophawu olubomvu, bese iba yi-greenish. It has flavour sweet-fruity;
- ijusi - ubukhulu obubomvu, obomvu. Emoyeni evulekile iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kubalulekile! Naphezu kokuthi i-camelina ingadliwa eluhlaza, akufanele uyibeke engozini futhi uyidle ngaphandle kokwelapha ukushisa - emvelweni, amakhowe anobuthi nokudlayo ngokuvamile akhula ndawonye, uthintane nomunye, kanti nezinhlamvu ezinobuthi zingaba yi-fungus edlayo.
I-Elovik ikhula kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuze kube phakathi kwekwindla (kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, uma kungenjalo isithwathwa).
Olubomvu
Izinhlobo ezincane ezivamile zekhamelina, ezikhulayo kuphela ezikhungweni ze-coniferous ezindaweni eziphakeme. Izinhlamvu:
- isikhwama - flat, ubukhulu obukhulu (kufika ku-16 cm ububanzi), ngezinye izikhathi kufakwe phakathi. Ukuthungwa okukhulu kakhulu, okunomzimba. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, emaphethelweni afakwe ngaphakathi; kubantu abadala, i-cap cishe ayifuni. Umbala u-obomvu-obomvu, obumhlophe, awulahlekelwa ukuqina futhi awusabeki lapho umanzi;
- umlenze - okuncane kakhulu, kufika ku-6 cm ukuphakama. Ikhulu kakhulu futhi inamandla, ene-mealy enkulu ne-hollows ebomvu.
- amarekhodi - njalo, emincane, wehla ngamandla emlenzeni;
- i-pulp - kakhulu kakhulu, kepha isibhakabhaka, umthunzi omhlophe onamabala amnyama aphuzi obomvu. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula kusuka kumshukela ovuthiwe we-pulp obala obala obomvu obomvu.
Ngokungafani nezinye i-subspecies zekamela, le-mushroom ebomvu ayikho izindawo ezigxilile nemibuthano ku-cap. Ukwahlukanisa nabanye abamele ubuso be-subspecies we-juice ejulile ye-hue igazi.
Uyazi? I-lactarioviolin eqinile yama-antibiotic, elwa ngempumelelo nama-bacteria e-pathogenic, ikakhulukazi, enezinkuni zeKoch, itholakala ku-redfish.
Amanga
Idatha yangaphandle ebomvu yamakhowe kanye nokungafani kwabo kwamanye amakhowe ngeke avumele ukudidanisa lezi zinhlobo ezinamakhowe anobuthi noma angenayo. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zamakhowe kukhona abameleli abangekho amakhowe adla ngokugcwele. BangabaseKlasini IV - amakhowe adla ngesimo). Lezi yizinhlangothi ezimbili ze-camelina - amagagasi ama-pink, i-papillary kanye nephunga elimnandi elimnandi.
- Amagagasi ama-pink. It has juice omhlophe ubisi, okuyinto kungabikho mnyama lapho uxhumane nomoya. Ikhula ngokuyinhloko emahlathini amancane, eduze kwe-birch noma i-aspen. Ngokuphambene nalokhu camelina unombala obomvu we-pulp, nomlenze - omncane futhi omncane. I-wave engama-pink ayiyona enobuthi, kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okwanele okushisa, kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngesisu nangamathumbu.
- Isifuba se-Papillary (isikhumba esikhulu). Ikhula emahlathini okuthiwa yi-coniferous, i-mushroom edlalwa ngokomzimba. Le cap is brown-brown, of diameter encane, ijusi milky njalo umhlophe. Inyama nayo imhlophe ngombala, i-flacon encane kakhukhunathi. Kungenzeka ukuba udle kuphela emva kokumisa ngokucophelela nokulondoloza isikhathi eside.
- Mlechnik elimnandi. I-cap encane enobubanzi obungama-5 cm omnyama. Amaphethelo ahlale ekhonjiswa ngaphakathi, aphule kancane emgqeni. Iphunga linamandla kakhulu, elimnandi, lifana nekakhukhunathi. Ekuphekeni, lisetshenziselwa ifomu elomile noma elisawoti njengensiza kwezinye izitsha.
Izindawo nezinkathi zeqoqo
I-Ryzhiki ikhula njalo emaqenjini amancane - avame ukutholakala emahlathini axutshwe kanye ne-coniferous, kanye naphakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla nasemizini. Ayithandi amakhaza, ngakho-ke ayakha futhi avuthwe ezinyangeni ezifudumele - kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya phakathi kwekwindla. Isikhathi esikhulu sokuvuthwa siyi-July-ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Isakazwe cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, kodwa ngokuvamile esitholakala endaweni ehambisana nesimo sezulu.
Funda futhi mayelana nezakhiwo eziwusizo kanye nesicelo kumagatsha ahlukahlukene amakhowe: ama-morels, ama-flakes, amachizi, amakhowe amasha, amaloli amhlophe, izingulube, ama-boletus, ama-chanterelles, amakhowe, ama-mushroom, ama-mushroom, amakhowe, ibhotela, amakhowe amhlophe, ama-shiitake, i-chaga (i-birch mushroom) .
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamakhowe nomoya
Ukufaniswa kwangaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamakhowe kunkulu kakhulu, kodwa kuneminye imibono ephawulekayo. Okokuqala - Lesi isici sejusi elimbi. In volnushka njalo ihlanzekile, futhi kuRyzhikov - ophuzi noma o-orange, othola ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emoyeni.
Ubisi obukhulu bemfucumfucu 
I-mushroom ye-mushroom yamanzi e-redheadhead
Uma uphendulela kokubili lawa amakhowe bese ubheka ngaphansi kwekhanda, ke ungahlukanisa kalula kalula: amagagasi epuleti ahlale ephuzi elibomvu noma elimpunga, kepha amakhowe alungisa igama lawo - amapuleti abo abomvu, ama-orange noma aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka. Indlela elandelayo yokuhlukanisa lamawele yizindawo zabo zokukhula.
Ipuleji yama-mushroom e-Wafer 
Ipulazi yama-mushroom ipuleti
I-Volnushka ikhetha ukukhula eduze kwe-birch nezinye izihlahla ezinqabile, kepha amakhowe avame ukubunjwa emibhedeni ye-coniferous kanye nezimpande zamapayipi ne-spruce. I-Ryzhik ithanda imvelo ehlanzekile kanye nomoya ongekho emthethweni; ngakho-ke, ayikho eduze kwemigwaqo emikhulu, ngokungafani nemimoya - ayinandaba kakhulu nemingcele ye-air and grow massively on roadsides.
Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali
Ukwakhiwa kwaleli mushroom kuhlanganisa izinto ezinjengalezi: amaprotheni, amanzi, umlotha, i-fiber, i-monosaccharides ne-disaccharides, amaminerali, amavithamini amaqembu B, i-vithamini C nezakhi ezifana ne-sodium, i-phosphorus, i-iron, i-magnesium, njll. Ingxenyana yemisa ye-fibre yokudla i-11%, i-vitamin B2 - 11.2%, i-potassium - 12.5%, insimbi - 15.5%. Inani le-BZHU liyi-1.9: 0.8: 0.6 (ngamagremu angu-100 omkhiqizo). Ukuqukethwe kwe-caloric amagremu angu-100 we-fungus kungama-17 kcal, noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kokushisa (ikakhulukazi u-salting nokuthosa), okuqukethwe kwe-caloric kwanda kakhulu.
Yini ewusizo
I-Ginger iyi-mushroom ewusizo kakhulu ye-multivitamin - izithako zayo ezisebenzayo nama-provitamine anomthelela oqinile we-antioxidant, ukuqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuvinjelwa kwe-cholesterol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fungus iqukethe i-antibiotic eqinile elwa namagciwane asebenzayo nama-bacterium (ikakhulukazi, ayifuni isifo sofuba). Yilezi zakhiwo ezizuzisayo zekhamelina ezinquma ukungabi nabungozi - le makhowa ingadliwa eluhlaza ngisho nangokwelashwa kokushisa.
Futhi, ukuzivikelwa komzimba kunethonya elihle: i-safflower, i-horseradish, i-garlic, i-savory, i-apula, i-ramson, i-fir, i-walnut emnyama, i-aloe, i-almonds, i-sturgeon emhlophe, i-viburnum, i-dogwood, i-magnolia, i-mint, i-basil, i-melissa.
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo eziwusizo, ubisi lwe-safari lunomsoco futhi lunambitheka kakhulu. - I-pulp yayo enamafutha ayikho ngaphansi kwezinkomba zokunambitheka kuya emnandi kakhulu kunomusa-amakhowe omhlophe. Ngokwamandla ayo, le khowa ifinyelela inyama yezinyosi kanye ne-turkey, futhi ngokwezikhalori idlula inyama yenkukhu namaqanda ezinkukhu.
Ukungafani nokulimala
Le fungus enomsoco kumele ichithe ngokucophelela abantu abanezinkinga zokugaya ukudla futhi ijwayele ukukhuluphala. Akukhuthazwa ukuba udle amakhowe ngezinkinga zezinso nesibindi (ikakhulukazi esigabeni esingapheli), abesifazane abakhulelwe nabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. Okunye okushiwo yi-contraindications yizicubu nezilonda zesisu, ukuvuvukala kwamaphancasi, i-acidity ephansi yesisu.
Kubalulekile! Abomama abakhulelweyo nabanamahloni kumele banciphise ukusetshenziswa kobisi lwe-safari - kunganciphisa kakhulu i-acidity yesisu futhi kuholele ezinkingeni ngegciwane lokugaya.
Ukupheka zokupheka
Ifiyisa elimnandi nelithonga elimnandi liye langena emkhakheni weCulinary - isetshenziselwa kokubili ifomu eluhlaza futhi njengesisindo, kanye nesidlo esizimele.
Pickle
Leli amakhowe yiyona efaneleka kakhulu yokulondoloza i-salting - isithelo sawo savutha sihlangana ne-saline brine, ekwenzeni ukunambitheka okumnandi okwehlukile.
Izithako:
- 0.5 kg. amakhowe;
- 25 gr. usawoti;
- 0.5 amathisipuni of allspice kanye peppercorns;
- i-bay leaf;
- amaqabunga ama-horseradish.
Funda nje njengamakhowe asheshayo futhi anambitheka abilayo ngobusika
Indlela yokulungiselela:
- Lungisa amakhowe ekukhethweni - uhlunga, ugeze, ususe izindawo ezingcolisiwe, unqume umhlabathi emlenzeni.
- Hlanganisa ama-mushroom ama-coarsely (amancane, ungamane ugaye uhhafu), uthele amanzi ashisayo bese uvumela ume emizuzu emi-5.
- Amakhowe agcwele amanzi ahlelwe emlilweni, alethwa emathunjini futhi agcinwe ngomlilo eminye imizuzu engu-7. I-foam eyakhiwe isusiwe nge-skimmer.
- Hlanganisa amanzi, sishintsha amakhowe alethwe engxenyeni ekulungele epanini, uthele ngosawoti nezinongo. Vala amaqabunga ama-horseradish, faka indwangu ehlanzekile phezulu (ungagqoka i-gauze) bese ucindezela phansi ngomthwalo osindayo.
- Sifaka ingubo ingacindezelwe ngendlela enjalo endaweni ebandayo (izinga lokushisa akufanele lidlule i-7 ° С). Kugcinwe ngale ndlela izinsuku ezingu-45. Ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukuhlola i-brine - uma iphendukile emnyama, udinga ukugeza amakhowe bese uwagcwalisa ngezinongo ezintsha. Izambatho ngezikhathi ezithile (1 isikhathi emavikini amabili) kufanele futhi zithathwe endaweni ehlanzekile.
Ividiyo: indlela yokuqoqa amakhowe
I-Pickled
Amakhowe asetshenziselwa umthamo abhekwa njengokudla okunamnandi kakhulu kanye nomhlobiso wangempela wetafula ezinyangeni zasebusika.
Izithako:
- 1 kg amakhowe;
- 2.5 tsp usawoti;
- i-bay leaf;
- 1 anyanisi;
- 2-3 clove kagalikhi;
- 3 tsp. ushukela;
- ingilazi yeviniga 9%;
- amanzi (600-700 ml).
Indlela yokulungiselela:
- Amakhowe ukuhlunga nokugeza, asuse izindawo ezingcolile nezicucu zomhlaba. Gcwalisa ngamanzi abandayo abandayo bese uvumela ukuba ubilise.
- Faka usawoti emanzini abilayo, upheke imizuzu engu-10-15. Ngemuva kwalokho, khipha amanzi.
- Beka iqabunga lesitshalo, izinongo, igalikhi embizeni ehlanzekile, faka amakhowe abilisiwe embizeni.
- Pheka i-marinade - mix 3 tsp. usawoti kanye no-3 tsp. ushukela, uviniga namanzi, upheke ngokushisa okuphansi imizuzu engu-10.
- Susa ama-marinade ekushiseni, engeza anyanisi oqoshiwe.
- Thela amakhowe ase-hot marinade, qinisa izimbiza uphinde uwafake inzalo imizuzu engama-30.
- Vula izimbiza, zipholile ngaphansi kwengubo efudumele. Buyela endaweni yayo yokuqala nendawo endaweni epholile emnyama (isiqandisisi noma ikamelo elingaphansi).
Amakhowe alungiselelwe ngale ndlela aphephile futhi aqinile kakhulu.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokupheka amakhowe: i-pickling (ama-chanterelles, amakhowe asendle, amakhowe amakhowe, i-riadovki), i-pickling (amakhowe omisiwe), ukoma (ama-mushroom ama-oyster), iqhwa (amhlophe, ama-mushroom ama-oyster, ama-chanterelles, amakhowe, ama-mushroom).
Ividiyo: amakhowe anamanzi ebusika.
Ethosiwe
Ukuze ulungise isidlo esinomsoco samakhowe othosiwe akuthathi isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla - ngisho nokuqala abapheki bazokwazi ukubhekana nalesi siphatha.
Isithako esivamile kakhulu samakhowe othosiwe yi-anyanisi. Ukulungiselela amakhowe anyanisi uzodinga:
- amakhowe amakhowe;
- amafutha omnqumo - 50 ml.;
- anyanisi - amakhanda 2-3;
- usawoti, izinongo - ukunambitha.
Indlela yokulungiselela:
- Bust, hlambulula futhi ususe ukungcola kumakhowe. Sika ama-mushroom ngamathanga amancane.
- Bilisa amakhowe ngamanzi anosawoti imizuzu engu-15.
- Vumela amanzi adle bese efaka amakhowe epanini elishisayo lokushisa (ngaphandle kwamafutha). Linda kuze kube yilapho umswakama owedlulele uphazamisa.
- Engeza ibhotela, anyanisi oqoshiwe kanye nezinongo. Fry phezu komlilo ophakathi kwemizuzu engu-15-20.
- Emaminithi amathathu ngaphambi kokuphela kokupheka, faka i-pan nge-lid bese uvuselela amakhowe ngamanzi ayo emizuzu engu-2-3.
- Beka isidlo, uhlobise ngemifino. Khonza nge ukhilimu omuncu.
Ividiyo: kanjani fry amakhowe
I-Ryzhiki yizinyosi ezihlwabusayo kakhulu futhi ezinempilo ezingeke zigcwale kuphela futhi zinike umzimba umzimba onamaprotheni amaningi, kodwa futhi ziqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ukwandisa ukumelana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ukwaziswa ngemithetho yokuqoqa, ukuvunwa kanye nokwabiwa kwe-mushroom kuzosiza ukulungisa izitsha ezinomsoco, ezinomsoco ezizohlala endaweni efanelekayo emathekstini emikhosi futhi yansuku zonke.
