Izinhlobo ezintsha zam Cherry, ezibandakanya iNovella, zinezimpawu ezimbalwa ezikhangayo kubalimi. Zinezithelo, zimelana nezifo, zimelana neqhwa. Ukukhulisa ama-cherries eNovella, awudingi ukuba umlimi onolwazi kakhulu.
Incazelo yeNvelvel Cherry Variety
Izinhlobo zeNovella cherry zakhiwa e-All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). Usuku lokubhalisa olusemthethweni lungo-2001.
Ukuphakama kwe-cherry yakudala kungadluli kumamitha ayi-3, umqhele uphakanyiswe kancane, wakhe umumo oyindilinga, uqweqwe luyi-walnut emnyama ngombala. Amacembe aluhlaza omnyama, abe nomthunzi we-matte. Izithelo zihlanganiswe emagatsheni esixhaxu nokukhula abasha. Banesimo esiyindilinga esine-apex enentende encane ne-funnel encane. Isisindo sama-cherries yi-4.5-5 g, ukunambitheka kuyinto enambitheka-emnandi, ngokohlelo lwamaphoyinti amahlanu inesilinganiso esingu-4.2. Amajikijolo awaqhekeki kanye nomswakama owedlulele, vumela ukuhamba kahle.
Amajikijolo, ujusi kanye uginindela we-Novella cherry upendiwe ngombala obomvu omnyama, lapho izithelo zivuthwa ngokuphelele, ziba cishe mnyama
Izinhlobonhlobo zizibandlulula ngokwazo. Ukupholisa impova enezinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-cherry kunconyiwe:
- Vladimirskaya
- UGriot wase-Ostheim,
- Intombazane Chocolate.
Ngokwencazelo ye-VNIISPK, i-fruiting ivela ngonyaka we-4. Izimbali ze-Cherry ziqhakaza esikhathini esimaphakathi salesi siko (Meyi 10-18). Indaba emfishane ibhekisa ezinhlotsheni ezivuthwa maphakathi nonyaka, isikhathi sokuvuthwa yisonto lesithathu likaJulayi. Zonke izithelo zivuthwa cishe ngasikhathi sinye - ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ungaqoqa kuze kufike ku-19 kg wezithelo esihlahleni esisodwa (isilinganiso esijwayelekile - 15 kg).
Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa se-Novella se-cherry, ungqoqa kuze kufike ku-19 kg wezithelo ezivuthiwe
Izinzuzo zebanga:
- ukumelana nezifo zokukhunta (cocecycosis kanye ne-moniliosis);
- ubusika obuqinile besihlahla.
Okubi:
- ukumelana kwesithwathwa okumaphakathi kwezimbali eziqhakazayo;
- i-fruiting engazinzile: eminyakeni ehlukene isisindo sesitshalo esitholwayo kungenzeka sehluke.
Ukutshala ama-cherries
Ukutshala ama-cherries akuyona into enkulu.
Ukukhetha Izithombo
Ngokutshala, izihlahla zonyaka noma ze-biennial zifanelekile, ezindala ziba nezimpande ezimbi kakhulu futhi azinconywa ukuthenga. Ukukhula okungenzeka kwezithombo ezinjalo:
- 70-80 cm - ngonyaka;
- 100-110 cm - iminyaka emibili.
Iinkulisa ezingalunganga zinganikela ngezinto zokutshala ezikhule ngokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu. Izihlahla ezinjalo zinokubukeka okuhle, kepha ukusinda kwazo endaweni entsha kuphansi kakhulu. Izithombo ezikhule ku-nitrogen zinezindawo eziluhlaza okotshani kuhlobo lwamaqhubu nemivimbo, kanti amagxolo emvelo agqamile kufanele abe nsundu ngokufana nange-sheen silky.
Lapho ukhetha izinto zokutshala, kukhethwa uhlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe, kepha ngasikhathi sinye udinga ukuqiniseka ngobuqotho bomphakeli. Uhlelo lwezimpande kufanele luchazwe kahle, lungagawulwa, lube nezimpande eziningi ezikhulu, ukuba khona kwe-fibrillation ezungeze ishaft enkulu kuyadingeka.
Lapho ukhetha izithombo ze-cherry ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile, naka izimpande: kufanele zichazwe kahle, hhayi zinqunywe, zibe ne-fibrillation ezungeze isiqu esikhulu
Beka ama-cherries
Zonke izihlahla zezithelo, kufaka phakathi ama-cherries, zithanda inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi noma i-alkaline ene-pH = 6.5-7. Lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile ethinta isilinganiso sokusinda kwesithombo nokukhiqizwa kwesihlahla esidala.
I-acidity yenhlabathi inganqunywa kalula ngokusebenzisa ikhithi ekhethekile enamaphepha we-litmus noma ukhula olukhona esizeni (izinqolobane ezinamakhorali, i-chamomile enamakha, i-coltsfoot, insimu eboshwe, i-clover, i-poppy field bark, i-clover, insimu iboshwe, i-alkali enhlabathini ye-alkaline mhlophe, kokumuncu - kumahhashi).
Emhlabathini wenhlabathi, ukumisa kuyadingeka uma utshala.
Lapho utshala ama-cherries, kubalulekile ukuthi unake i-topography yendawo:
- I-Cherry ayikaze itholakale emigodini, ezindaweni eziphansi, ezigodini; indawo enhle iyindawo yokuthambeka kwegquma elincane elinomthambeka ongu-5-8 °. Uma kungekho okuphakeme endaweni, ungatshala endizeni;
- ukuma okuhle kuntshonalanga. Ukufakelwa ohlangothini lwaseningizimu kuyinto engathandeki, ngoba kulokhu amabhuzu avame ukulinyazwa phakathi nesithwathwa, futhi amakherubi akhula ngasohlangothini oluseningizimu athinteka kakhulu ngesikhathi sesomiso sasehlobo. Indawo yokuhlala yaseMpumalanga nayo ivunyelwe. Ngokwesimo esisenyakatho, ama-cherry aqhuma kamuva nokunambitheka kwezithelo zawo kunama-asidi amaningi;
- le ndawo ikhethiwe ukuze umqhele we-cherry ushaywe kancanyana ngumoya, ukushukuma komoya okuzungezile akufiseleki.
Indawo ye-cherry ikhethiwe ukuze umqhele wayo ushaye kancane umoya
Lapho kutshalwa izihlahla eziningana, kubekwa ibanga elingamamitha amathathu phakathi kwazo.
Isikhathi sokufika
Isikhathi sokutshala esihle kakhulu intwasahlobo, isikhathi ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwamahlamvu - lokhu kucishe kufane no-Ephreli. Isithombo se-Cherry, lapho amaqabunga aqala ukuqhakaza, asezingeni eliphansi.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthenga izinto zokutshala ngesikhathi esibekiwe, ungathatha isithombo ekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga bese uligcina kuze kube sentwasahlobo, bese uyitshala ngesikhathi esinconyiwe. Isithombo esinjalo sigcinwa simanzi emseleni omncane, sisibekele ngokuphelele isiqu somhlaba. Umqhele awudonsi, uvalwe ngendwangu eminyene ukuvikela amagundane. Ebusika, iqhwa eliningi liphonswa kule ndawo.
Izithombo ezingcwatshwe kahle zigcinwa kahle kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ukutshala ama-cherries
Lo msebenzi ungamelwa ngendlela yezigaba eziningana eziboniswe kumdwebo.
Ukutshala i-cherry yisithombo kuqukethe izigaba eziningana
Ake sibheke isigaba ngasinye ngemininingwane eyengeziwe:
- Usuku ngaphambi kokutshala i-cherry, isuswa ngokucophelela kusuka esitsheni, zonke izimpande ziqonde futhi zifakwe kwisisombululo se-izimpandisi (Heteroauxin, Kornevin). Uma isithombo sithengwa ngaphandle kwesitsha, futhi nohlelo lwezimpande lumbozwe ngobumba, kufanele luqale luhlanze.
- Kwembiwa umgodi ongu-60 x 60 × 60 cm ngosayizi. Kwenhlabathi enesisindo esijulile, ukujula kuba yidlanzana futhi amanzi akhonjwe phansi. Uma amanzi asemhlabathini esondele (ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu), kufakwa isembozo esiphakeme sama-60-70 cm lapho ukutshala ama-cherts.Uma kugaywa umgodi, ungqimba oluvundile (cm engama-20 kuye kwangama-40 cm kuye ngohlobo lomhlabathi) lubekwa ngokwahlukana nomhlaba wenhlabathi ongaphansi.
Umgodi we-cherry kufanele ube ngu-60 × 60 × 60 cm
- Kulungiswa inhlanganisela yokugcwalisa umgodi: inhlabathi evundile ebunjiwe, ibhakede le-humus yakudala (okungenani iminyaka emithathu) noma umgquba obunjiwe, ibhakede le-peat deoxidised; uma kunesidingo, kufakwa izinto zokulinganisa: ufulawa we-dolomite, i-ash, i-egghell noma i-lime. Uma kungekho umanyolo we-organic, i-superphosphate (40 g) ne-potassium chloride (25 g) zingasetshenziswa. Umanyolo weNitrogen awunikeli ngesikhathi sokutshala.
- Ngaphambi kokubeka emgodini, amathiphu ezimpande eziphambili asikiwe. Futhi ngo-1-2 cm iziqongo zesipuni ziyanqunywa.
Izimpande ezigayiwe nezomisiwe zisikiwe, indiza esikiwe kufanele ibe yiyona mpande
- Ingxenye yenhlanganisela evundile ibekwa phansi komgodi bese ibekwa yisithombo kuyo, ikusekele ukuze indawo yokugoma iseceleni elisenyakatho kwesiqu. Ukusatshalaliswa kokuphakama kufanele kunikeze ukumboza komhlaba emnyeni wezimpande zesihlahla, i.e., zonke izimpande kufanele zibe semhlabathini.
Indawo ye-scion inganqunywa ngokugoba kwesiqu kanye nomthunzi ohlukile wombala wegxolo
- Kancane kancane umgodi umbozwa ngengxube evundile, uqiniseke ukuthi izimpande azigobeki. Ngemuva kwesendlalelo ngasinye esingamasentimitha ayishumi, umhlaba uthululwa emgqonyeni wokunisela. Ukufakwa emanzini kuzokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi umhlaba ungangena kahle ezimpandeni zesitshalo futhi unyathela inhlabathi akudingeki. Ingqimba yomhlaba yesendlalelo esingaphansi ibekwa ekugcineni, ngoba ayixhumeki nezimpande futhi ayithinti ukondliwa kwama-cherries.
- Eduze kwesihlahla esisha, kungakuhle ukuthi ushaye isigxobo futhi ezindaweni ezimbili unamathisele isithombo kuso. Ngakho-ke i-cherry izokwazi ukumelana nezivunguvungu zomoya.
Ezinsukwini ezingama-7- 7, i-cherry esanda kutshalwa kufanele iniselwe nsuku zonke (okungenani ama-10 l). Ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angabhebhetheki, kungcono ukwenza ikamu eliyisiyingi.
Ividiyo: ungayitshala kanjani i-cherry
Izici zokukhula kwe-cherry Novella
Ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, i-Novella Cher izokhiqiza isivuno esikhulu iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Ukunisela
Ngonyaka wokutshala, lesi sihlahla sivame ukuniselwa (kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezinhlanu) ukuze inhlabathi yombuthano wesiqu ingapheli. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi iyathukuluka futhi, uma kunesidingo, iyahlanzwa ukhula. Uma usebenzisa i-mulch, umswakama ugcinwa isikhathi eside emhlabathini, okunciphisa inani lokunisela. Eminyakeni elandelayo, ama-cherries aniselwa kuphela ehlobo elomile hhayi ngaphezulu kwezikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga.
Umakhelwane nezinye izitshalo
Lapho utshala ama-cherries, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele omakhelwane bawo. Ukuzipholisa ngokwakho kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ngaphezu kwe-20% yesilimo esisuswa ukungcola ngolunye uhlobo. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi ube neduzane nelilodwa (endaweni engaba amamitha angama-40) enye yezinhlobo ezinconywe ngaphezulu.
Ezinye izihlahla zezithelo zifanelekile njengabanye omakhelwane, uma nje bengasibeki umqhele. Ama-Berry bush (i-blackcurrant, i-sea buckthorn, i-blackberry, i-raspberry) awanconywa ngokusondela. Ungatshala noma yiziphi izitshalo ze-herbaceous ezinomthi onomthi ongaqedile ngohlelo oluyimpumelelo, ngoba ziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komswakama enhlabathini.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ukumelana okuhle nesithwathwa kweNovella kuqinisekiswa kuphela izifunda ezikhonjiswe kuwebhusayithi yeVNIISPK encazelweni yalokhu okuhlukahlukene: lezi yizifunda ze-Oryol, Lipetsk, Tambov, Kursk neVoronezh.
Kunoma ikuphi, umuthi ulungiselelwe ubusika:
- Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ukulayisha okunisela amanzi kwenhlabathi kuyenziwa.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, umbuthano wesiqu wesikebhe ufakwe nge-peat noma ngomquba (lapho ungekho, ungangeza nje ungqimba lomhlaba).
Ngemuva kokulayisha okungamanzi ama-cherries, umbuthano we-trunk ufakwe nge-peat noma nge-humus
- Ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa, yenza ukugoqa iqhwa elizungeze isiqu. Ungasimboza ngotshani ngaphezulu. Lesi silinganiso sivimba ukuqhakaza kwezimbali zakuqala, okuzovikela ama-ovaries eqandeni lokugcina.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kokuqala kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala. Eminyakeni elandelayo, isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokwakhiwa komqhele siyintwasahlobo kuze kube yilapho ama-buds evuleka (ingxenye yesibili kaMashi), kanti izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka -5 ⁰C. Ukunwebeka kwendle kungenziwa ekwindla, kepha imvamisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zomsebenzi zihlangana.
Uma udinga ukusika izinso zangaphandle (ngokwesibonelo, ukuvimbela ukukhulisa umqhele futhi uqondise igatsha ngaphandle), khona-ke yenza ukusika okungatheni (cishe okungama-45 °) kubude obuyi-0,5 cm kusuka ezingubeni ezibheke kwangaphandle
Umqhele we-Novel's cherry wakhiwa luhlobo lwe-sparse-tiered.
Ithebula: ukwakheka komqhele wohlobo lwe-sparse-tier lwe-cherry cherry yesihlahla
| Unyaka wokulungisa | Okufanele ukwenze |
| Isithombo sonyaka |
Uma isithombo sonyaka singenamagatsha, khona-ke sinqunywa sibe ngu-80 cm, bese kuthi ngonyaka olandelayo kuthenwe njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla |
| Isithombo seminyaka emibili |
|
| Unyaka wesithathu |
|
| Iminyaka yesine nelandelayo | Njengomthetho, ngonyaka wesine, umqhele walesi sihlahla sesivele sakhiwe futhi uqukethe ihlumela eliphakathi (ukuphakama okuphelele kungama-2.5-3 m) namagatsha wamathambo angama-8-10. Ukunciphisa ukukhula kwama-cherries, phezulu kunama-cm ayi-5 ngenhla kwegatsha lamathambo eliseduze. Eminyakeni elandelayo, ama-cherries adinga kuphela ama-santi kanye nama-anti-aging trings |
Amahlumela amancanyana awanciphiswa kubude obungaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-40 ukuze amahlumela esithelo angakheka kuwo.
Amahlumela ezithelo adalwa kumahlumela angama-30-40 cm ubude
Esikhathini esizayo, kulamagatsha lapho izithelo ezimnandi zizokhula.
Ividiyo: izihlahla ze-cherry izihlahla
Isicelo somanyolo
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala, ukugqoka phezulu akwenziwa, kwanele okungezwe ngesikhathi sokutshala. Lapho ufaka umanyolo, umuntu kufanele akhumbule ukuthi ukuwedlula konke kulimaza i-cherry.
Ithebula: Isikimu sokudla ama-cherry
| Isikhathi Sesicelo | Ukugqoka okuphezulu |
| Ntwasahlobo |
|
| Ihlobo | Ukugqoka phezulu kwehlobo kwenziwa kuphela ngezihlahla zezithelo:
|
| Ukuwa | Nikela nge-superphosphate (150-300 g / m2) ne-potassium chloride (50-100 g / m2) Kwizihlahla ezisencane, okujwayelekile kungaphansi kwezikhathi ezi-2, ngoba ama-cherries amadala kuneminyaka engu-7 - izikhathi ezi-1.5 ngaphezulu. Njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4 yenza umquba noma umquba. Ngemuva kwesithando sokuqala, izihlahla ezinezithelo zifafazwa ngesisombululo se-urea (30 g / m2) |
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo Novella zasungulwa ngesisekelo se-hybrid ye-cherry ne-bird cherry (cerapadus). Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokumelana nokuqandeka kwesithwathwa kanye nokumelana nazo zonke izifo zesikhunta, futhi mancane amathuba okuthi zithinteke izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobonhlobo azidingi ukwelashwa ngezibulala-zinambuzane nama-fungicides.
Ukubuyekezwa mayelana Novella Cherries
UCherry Novella waziveza kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo yonyaka wesihlanu. Izithelo zazibukeka zinkulu, zibomvu-zimnyama futhi zazinambitheka kamnandi ngendlela enoshukela. Minyaka yonke, i-Novella Cherry yethu yaphenduka isihlahla esakhiwe ngesihlahla. Amagatsha awo ayaqhuma, yonke indlela ifike emhlabathini. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-8, umuthi ungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu, osiza kakhulu ukuvuna ama-cherries avuthiwe.
Nikolaevna
//otzyvy.pro/reviews/otzyvy-vishnya-novella-109248.html
Ngayithanda kakhulu inoveli - ekhula ngokushesha, emelana namakhowe futhi ekuqaleni kwesizini yezithelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ayilahli ukukhula. Ukunambitheka okuhle kophudingi.
I-Zener
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148&start=2025
Lo nyaka ngenza imigomo eminingana yeNovella. Kuyamangaza ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo azijwayelekile kakhulu ekumelaneni kwazo nezifo.
UJackyx
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148&start=2025
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Novella cherry azikhumbuli ngokushiya. Ngomzamo omncane, uzothola isivuno esihle esihlahleni esinjalo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izithelo zeNovella zibe nokusebenza kwendawo yonke: ungenza ujamu, wenze iwayini noma ujabulele nje isiphuzo esimnandi.
