Amakhowe we-govorushka: izici kanye nabamele abakhulu be-genus

Abaqoqi be-mushroom abaqoqa i-govorushki baziwa kahle - phakathi kwalawa amakhowe kukhona nezinhlobo ezingenakutholakala. Ngaphambi kokuba uthumele okutholakele kubhasikidi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiliphi uhlobo labakhulumi. Uma ngisho nokungabaza okuncane kuvela ukuthi i-mushroom edliwayo, kungcono ukungayithathi. Ngezansi sicabangela izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-govorushek: i-orange, ubusika, i-anise, i-goblet nezinye izinhlobo (ezidliwayo nezingenayo).

Okuqukethwe:

• Umzimba wezithelo
• Hat
• Umlenze
• Amarekhodi
• I-Spore powder
• Ukusakazeka nokuphila kwemvelo govorushek
• Izinhlobo ezidliwayo zamaMushroom
• I-Voronchataya
• Umswakama obomvu
• Ebusika
• Isimo esidliwayo
• I-Aniseed
• Okumnandi
• I-Goblet
• I-Bulavonogaya
• Ukubhema
• I-Orange
• Undercut
• Isiqhwa
• Giant
• Abathengi abanobuhlungu abangenayo
• I-Whitish
• Ibala elimnyama (elimpunga)
• Brown ophuzi
• Waxoshwa
• I-Grooved
• Cash
• Inverted
• Iphunga elimnandi
• Ukubuyekeza

Izici ezijwayelekile kanye nencazelo yeluhlaza

Kubantu, lezi amakhowe amakhowe aziwa ngaphansi kwamagama govorushka, noma ryadovka. ERussia, amakhowe abizwa ngokuthi ukukhulumisana ngenxa yokukhula kwenqwaba: eduze kwalowo omela lezi zinhlobo kuzoba khona ezinye izihlobo zakhe eziyishumi zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, njengokungathi isixuku sonke sihlangane ukuze sikhulume.

Ukwahlukaniswa ngokwesayensi govorushek:

• uhlobo - Clitocybe;
• kungomnyango we-basidiomycetes;
• isigaba se-agaricomycetes;
• Igama lomugqa - i-agaric;
• eyingxenye ryadovkovyh yomndeni.

Kubalulekile! Kuyinto engavamile ukuba abaqoqi be-mushroom baphambuke futhi babeke amakhowe afanayo kakhulu eminye imindeni ukuze bahambe. Kunconywa ukuqoqa ama-govorushki (ryadovki) ama-mushroom pickers "abanolwazi", ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuphutha ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo.

Abathengi bahlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• okudliwayo;
• okudliwayo ngokomzimba;
• unobuthi.

Izitshalo ezidliwayo ngokomzimba zingadliwa ngemuva kokwelashwa ngaphambi kokushisa (abilayo). Umehluko wabo kusuka kubalingani babo abanobuthakathaka ukuthi ama-caps abo anemibala egqamile futhi iphunga aliyona into enhle kakhulu.

Thola izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zamakhowe ezidliwayo nezingenayo.

Umzimba wezithelo

Ngokuvamile lapho umzimba wezithelo ufinyelela usayizi omkhulu, ophakathi nendawo encane kuvame kakhulu, ngezigqoko ezingaphezu kwamamentimitha amahlanu. Ngesikhathi i-mushroom isencane, umzimba wezithelo ezimhlophe uyanwebeka. Emakhowe amadala, ikhula, ilahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo futhi iba yincithakalo.

Hat

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezinqola zezinqola zincane, kuze kube ngu-6 cm ububanzi, nakuba, isibonelo, isigqoko esikhulu singaba nobubanzi obungama-20 cm. I-mushroom esanda kuvela emhlabathini inekhanda eliyindilinga, izingqikithi zalo ziphenduke ngaphakathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-hat isondela futhi ikhulise ububanzi. Emakhowe asebekhulile, angakwazi ukugoqa ngendlela ehlukile futhi athathe isimo se-goblet. Ingaphandle yangaphandle kwesikhumba samakhowe ngaphandle kokukhula, ngaphandle kokukhazimula, okubushelelezi, kepha kungase kube nezindawo ezingajwayelekile kuyo, njengendlela yokubunjwa - lezi yizinsalela ze-mushroom mycelium. Kungenzeka ibe nemibala ehlukahlukene: i-off-white, i-gray-brown, i-fawn, i-brown-pink noma zonke izinhlobo ze-ocher. Ngaphakathi kwesigqoko, umbala ugcwele kakhulu, futhi emaphethelweni kubonakala sengathi kuphelile futhi kuphaphathekile.

Umlenze

Umlenze awunzima, ngesimo se-silinda, ukuphakama kwawo kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwemigqa neminyaka yabo. Ubude obujwayelekile bomlenze buvela ku-3 kuya ku-8 cm, ubukhulu bayo buhluka kusuka ku-5 mm kuya ku-2-3 cm. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukuqina kwenhlabathi eduze kwenhlabathi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi amakhowe okudliwayo akhula ngoMeyi.

Amarekhodi

Amacwecwe emigqeni anemibala ekhanyayo yama-shades ahlukahlukene, axhunyiwe nge-diagonally, ewela umlenze. Amapuleti okhulumela i-Anise

I-Spore powder

Izinhlamvu ezilungele ukukhiqiza (ezivuthiwe) zibonakala njenge-powder ezimhlophe noma ezimhlophe-pink.

Uyazi? Enye yezinto eziphawulekayo zefungi ebizwa ngokuthi i-govorushki yizinhlobo zazo ezingajwayelekile zokukhula. Ngezinkathi eziphakathi, amakhowe akhula ngesimo semibuthano ayebhekwa njengesibonakaliso sendawo engcolile futhi ayengabizwa lutho ngaphandle "izindandatho zethakathi". Bese bacabanga ukuthi amamaki anjalo ngokuqinisekile ayohlala ngemuva kwemidanso eyindilinga eholwa imimoya emibi.

Ukusakazeka nokuphila kwemvelo govorushek

I-genus Clitocybe iqukethe izinhlobo ezingu-250 zamagundane. ERussia, e-Ukraine naseBelarus cishe izinhlobo eziyi-100 zaleli khowa zikhula, ezinye zazo zibulalayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezinobuthi ezidliwayo noma ezidliwayo ngokomzimba, njengoba zifana nomunye nomunye.

Ukukhuluma amakhowe olimi kutholakala kuwo wonke amazwe emazingeni aphakathi kwezulu: eRussia Federation (kusukela eMpumalanga Ekude kuya esifundeni saseMoscow), e-Ukraine, eBelarus, eBrithani, eBelgium nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia. I-Clitocybe ingatholakala emadlelweni, emasimini, emahlathini ase-spruce.

Njengoba ama-mushroom amasha agcinwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, kufanele wazi ukuthi kufanele usawoti kanjani, uwafake, uwahlanganise noma uwume.

Izinhlobo ezidliwayo zamaMushroom

Izinhlobo ezidliwayo ze-ryadovok ekuphekeni ezisetshenziswa kanje:

• lapho upheka isobho samakhowe;
• okuthosiwe nemifino;
• isobho samakhowe;
• esekelwe kubo ukulungiselela amakhowe ama-gravy nama-sauces;
• ummeli womunyu omanzi;
• zifakwe emanzini futhi zigoqwe ebusika;
• izinhlobo ezithile zomile.

Lezi amakhowe zifanele noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla, njengoba zidla ukudla okuphansi kwekhalori. Izigqoko zamakhowe amancane ziqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo kubantu:

• amaprotheni wemifino;
• i-fibre;
• amino acids;
• izinto zeminerali;
• Amavithamini B;
• ama-macronutrients;
• ukulandelela izakhi.

Amakhowe anciphisa inani lama-cholesterol plaques egazini lomuntu, ukufakwa kwabo ekudleni kunomthelela omuhle emsebenzini wegciwane lokugaya kanye namathumbu. Abazali bemithi yendabuko bayazi futhi basebenzise izakhi zokulwa nezifo zaleli fungus, baphatha isifo sofuba ngosizo lwabo, futhi i-klitocybin kuyo ingxenye yemithi elwa nesifo sofuba.

Uyazi? I-mushroom enkulu yama-species ase-Armillaria inamahektha angaba ngu-15 enhlabathi. Ososayensi banqume ukuthi le ndawo yonke igcwele phansi phansi nasemhlabeni ngezinqubo ze-mushroom efanayo. Lokhu kwabikwa kubafundi yiphephandaba elithi "New York Times" ngo-1992.

I-Voronchataya

Umngcwabo, igama lesiLatini elithi Clitocybe gibba, liyi-mushroom elihle kakhulu, futhi mhlawumbe i-mushroom evame kakhulu emahlathini ethu. Imfanelo nencazelo

• Ikhanda le-mushroom omdala liphakanyiswa ngendlela yesitsha, ububanzi kusukela enqenqemeni kuya enqenqemeni ngu-10-12 cm. Ubukhulu bekhanda eduze komngcele buba mncane futhi buba yi-wavy. Umbala ungashintsha kusuka obomvu (obomvu) uye emanzini ahlukahlukene e-ocher (ophuzi, osesithombeni). Inyama yesikhumba inebala elimhlophe elimhlophe noma elimhlophe, iphunga elincane le-alimondi, liphuka kalula.
• Umlenze ubushelelezi, ngesimo se-cylinder ngisho noma esandayo esakhuphuka phezulu nge-longitudinal grooves. Ukuphakama kwemilenze ngokuvamile kufinyelela ku-6-6.5 cm. Umbala ungomunye noma amathoni amabili alula kunombala we-cap.
• Amacwecwe amancane, ngokuvamile atholakala. I-fungus encane imhlophe, idala - iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kusukela emaphethelweni kwekhanda kancane kancane ihlehlela esiqwini sefungus.
• Indawo yokusabalalisa - iRussia, amazwe aseYurophu, eNyakatho Melika.
• Lapho kwenzeka: emapaki nasezindaweni zehlathi. Uyakuthandana kokubili ukufika komhlaba okuqhamukayo kanye namahlathi ase-spruce. Ikhetha izindawo ezibheke kahle, ngakho ngokuvamile ukuhlakazeka kwemigqa kungatholakala eceleni komgwaqo wehlathi, ekuqothulweni noma ehlathini.

I-Voronovaya govorushka edliwayo, kodwa inyama yayo inzima kakhulu futhi inzima. Ukupheka sebenzisa ama-mushroom ama-caps amancane. Inani le-culinary lemilenze laleli fungus liphansi, njengoba liba nzima ngemva kokwelapha ukushisa.

Thola ukuthi amakhowe adle futhi anobuthi akhula emithini.

Umswakama obomvu

Ulimi olumhlophe olubhemayo, igama lesiLatini elithi Clitocybe robusta, liwu-mushroom elihlwabusayo futhi elidliwayo.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• Isikhwama sinomzimba futhi sinamandla, ububanzi obuyi-5 kuya kwezingu-20. Isikhumba esincane sinesihebhe, siphendukile phansi, njengoba sikhula, siphenduka sibe yi-flat-convex noma singase sibonakale sicindezeleke kancane emaphethelweni aphethwe noma aphezu kwamatshe. Umbala uvela ezimhlophe ezingcolile (grey) kuya ophuzi ophuzi, ku-mushroom endala i-cap coating isondela cishe emhlophe, phezu kwesimo esincane. Izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe zibukeka njenge-powder omhlophe.
• Umlenze. On amakhowe amancane kukhona ukuqina ngaphansi komhlaba (club-obomvu), njengoba ukuguga sikhula, rounding uphonsa ngaphandle, kodwa umlenze uthola ukucaciswa kabanzi eduze ohlelweni. I-pulp encane ivulekile, i-fibrous, ngaphandle kwe-voids. Ku-mushroom endala, umlenze uba buthaka, ubomvu, umbala ogqamile kanye nephunga elimnandi lezithelo.
• I-Plate - evame ukuhlala ngaphansi kwe-cap, kancane kancane. On amakhowe amasha - ezimhlophe, ngaphezulu - ophuzi noma ukhilimu kancane.
• Indawo yokusabalalisa - isifunda saseYurophu, eMpumalanga Ekude.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: ukhetha amahlathini anezihlahla eziningi ze-fir trees noma ama-plantings axutshwe nge-spruce kanye ne-oki. Uthanda izindawo ezikhanyisiwe (emaphethelweni, ama-glades) kanye nezilwanyana ezinamathele noma eziketshezi. Ikhula emaqenjini ama-5 kuya ku-40 izingcezu, amakhowe ahlelwe emasongweni, izindandatho zemizuzu noma imigqa, azitheli izithelo njalo ngonyaka futhi azivamile.
• Yini engase idideke: abaqoqi be-mushroom abangenalwazi bangadideka ngogwebu olunobuthi olunobuthi, uphawu oluqinile luyiphunga elimnandi le-fungus enobuthi.

I-mushroom enhle kakhulu, esetshenziselwa izitsha ezihlukahlukene zokudla: okuphekiwe, okuthosiwe, okusawoti, okusawoti kanye nolwandle. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukulungiselela kwanoma yikuphi kwalezi zitsha, isikhathi sokuqala sokubilisa siyadingeka imizuzu engu-15-20, emva kwalokho amakhowe abilisiwe ahlanzwa ngamanzi asebenzayo. Lo mkhiqizo ophethwe ngomumo olungele ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo.

Uyazi? Ezinye izinhlobo ze-ryadovok ezikwazi ukukhipha ukukhanya kwe-phosphorescent, isibonelo, ukuhleba okubomvu (i-Clitocybe rivulosa) ebusuku kuvula umbala ohlaza obala obala.

Ebusika

I-Govorushka ebusika, igama lesiLatini elithi Clitocybe brumalis, liyi-mushroom enhle edliwayo. Imfanelo nencazelo

• Isigqoko siwububanzi obuyi-5-6 cm; ku-mushroom esanda kuvela emhlabathini, sinomumo owuhlangothi oluphansi, olugobile. Ku-mushroom enkulu, ihamba ephahleni (isifuba), kudala idinga indebe futhi. Phakathi nendawo isigqoko sinyene, kuya emaphethelweni senziwa sibe mncane futhi sibe yi-wavy. Umbala we-hat is marsh, i-brown-smoky, ngenkathi ukukhanya kombala kulahlekile. Umzimba we-mushroom unomusa, udla ngephunga elimnandi. Lapho isomile, inyama iba mhlophe, kanye nezinhlamvu ezivuthiwe ngokugcwele.
• Umlenze ubude obuningi-fiber, ngendlela yesilinda. Ukuphakama - 3-4 cm, ubukhulu - kufika ku-50 mm. Umbala wemilenze uvame ukuhambisana nombala wesikhwama, ngenkathi umbala womunye nomunye uba amathoni amaningana elula (aphelile).
• Amacwecwe ajwayelekile, alula, aqondiswa phansi. Umbala wamacwecwe ungoboya obuhlaza noma obomvu.
• Insimu yokusatshalaliswa yiyona ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia Federation, amagquma aseMpumalanga Ekude, izintaba zeCaucasus, i-Ukraine, iPoland, iJalimane, iDenmark, i-Afrika (enyakatho) neMelika.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: i-ryadovka yasebusika ikhula kahle ngokubola izilo. Uthanda kakhulu ukukhula emasimini asepine.

I-mushroom enhle kakhulu, inambitheka emangalisayo, esetshenziselwa ukulungiselela izifundo zokuqala nezibili. Futhi kuhle kakhulu emaqanda kanye nasemanzini.

Isimo esidliwayo

Umehluko phakathi kwamakhowe okudliwayo anemibandela kanye namakhowe adla ukuthi awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwangaphambi. Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga ukupheka (mhlawumbe izikhathi eziningana) futhi zigeze phambili emanzini ahlanzekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe okwanele ukugoba amahora amaningana emanzini owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Lezi amakhowe zingadliwa, kodwa kumele ziqale ukuphathwa ngokushisa.

I-Aniseed

Ukukhuluma i-anise, ngesiLatin igama lizwakala njengeClitocybe odora. Ngokuvamile le makhowa ibizwa ngokuthi i-rowing ephunga elimnandi noma elimnandi. Imfanelo nencazelo

• Ikhanda lingama-4 kuya ku-9 cm ububanzi, ukuma ekuqaleni kuveza kancane, kukhula, kuqondana nombuso. Ngezinye izikhathi phakathi kwesikhwama kukhona i-fossa ecindezelekile eyenziwa. Umbala umbala ongavamile, ogqamile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukugqoka kubushelelezi. I-pulp yama-mushroom ine-water coin uniform, umbala ompunga kanye nephunga elibonakalayo le-anise lahla. Le iphunga liyisizathu sezinye izinto ezibalulwe ngenhla.
• Umlenze unombala obomvu, omhlophe noma onomnqumo womnqumo, ngesimo se-cylinder elongelekile, okhuni phansi. Umzimba wesitshalo esiseduze nomhlabathi unqunywe kancane nge-mycelium.
• Amacwecwe atholakala kakhulu ngaphansi kwekhanda, ngokubanzi. Umbala ohlaza okombala.
• Indawo yokusatshalaliswa - Amagquma aseMpumalanga Ekude, emagqumeni aseCaucasus, eYurophu.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: ngesi-spruce kanye nama-planting acwebileyo. Ukuphakama kokukhula kwamakhowe kuphakathi kukaSeptemba.
• Ngezinto ezingadideka - emgqeni (govorushku) i-anise ibukeka ifana kakhulu ne-govorashka elimnandi. Ungabahlukanisa ngemibala: okugcina kuphuzi.

I-mushroom ingokwesigaba sokudla okungokwesokudla, ngakho-ke kumelwe ukuthi senziwe ngaphambi kokubiliswa imizuzu engu-15-20. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa kulahlekelwa iphunga layo elingavamile. Kubhekwa njengama-mushroom wezimfanelo eziphansi ze-culinary, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa i-salting.

Okumnandi

Iphunga elimnandi, igama lesiLatini yi-Clitocybe iphunga elimnandi.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• Isikhwama sinobukhulu obuphakathi, ububanzi kusuka emaphethelweni kuya emaphethelweni - kusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-6 cm. Ekuqaleni kokukhula kuwuhlelo lwe-convex, kamuva luqondisa futhi lugoqa ngaphesheya, luzuza emaphethelweni ajika. Umbala wendwangu uhlukile embala kusuka ophuzi ophuzi kuze kube ocher okhanyayo, ama-shades angase ahluke. I-pulp yamanzi iyethenda, ihluleka kakhulu, imhlophe. Uma i-pulp iphukile, iphunga le-anise lehla lizwa. Izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe zibukeka njenge-powder omhlophe.
• Umlenze wokuphakama ufinyelela ku-3-5 cm, ubukhulu - kusuka ku-50 mm kuya ku-1 cm. Ukuma komlenze kuyinto yobuciko, ngendlela ye-cylinder elongele, flat. Umbala uhambisana njalo nombala we-cap, ikakhulukazi lezi yizinto ezihlukahlukene zamathoni aphuzi obuphuzi.
• Amacwecwe amancane, ngokuvamile atholakala ku-cap, kancane kancane ehla esiteshini. Umbala wamacwecwe ahlanzekile-amhlophe, kumakhowe amadala unombala obomvu.
• Indawo yokusabalalisa - isifunda saseYurophu, eNingizimu Melika, eNyakatho Afrika.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: ku-conifers, nakwezitshalo ezixubekile, ukulimala okuningi kuqala maphakathi no-Septhemba. Amakhowe akhule kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi yokuqala ka-Okthoba, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okufudumele nakwezimvula, i-fruiting ingaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ukuvuna kuyiphunga elimnandi ngeqembu elikhulu noma imigqa, kusuka kumakhowe ama-5 kuya ku-50 endaweni eyodwa.
• Yini engadideka nge-mushroom edayayo yi-anisic counting, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ngumbala ophuzi wekhanda elimnandi.

Akudume kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi be-mushroom, kodwa kunezici ezinhle zokunambitheka. Kungenxa yeqembu elidliwayo ngokwemvelo, lidliwa ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa okuqala (ukupheka kuze kumaminithi angu-20). Isetshenziselwa ukukhethwa nokukhethwa.

I-Goblet

I-govorushka goblet, igama lesiLatin lizwakala njengeClitocybe cyathiformis. Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi lawa amakhowe angadliwa.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• I-Cap 4 kuya ku-8 cm ububanzi, ngendlela yendebe ejulile noma umsila. Umphetho wengubo awunalingani, i-wavy, ubuso bubuncane futhi bubukhali (esimweni esomile), kanye ne-hygrographic in rain. Umbala unombala obomvu, umbala, umbala we-pulp ufana (ama-shade ambalwa alula). Ukuvumelana okusemaspini kuyamanzi. Izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe zibukeka njenge-powder omhlophe.
• Umlenze ube phezulu (4-7 cm), omncane (kuze kube ngu-50 mm), i-pubescent eduze nomhlabathi. Umbala wayo ufana neyesikebhe sesigqoko, noma i-tones 2-3. I-pulp leg leg fiber, kanzima.
• Amapulangwe ayatholakali atholakale, kancane kancane wehla kusuka cap kuya stem, umbala wabo umthunzi ofanayo nge plate hat, kodwa kancane kancane.
• Indawo yokusabalalisa amazwe aseYurophu kanye nesifunda saseYurophu seRussian Federation.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: i-spruce kanye nama-plantings ahlanganisiwe, amabhande asehlathini nezindawo zepaki zasemadolobheni. I-Mycelium ihluma ngezinsimbi zokhuni kanye nomcamelo we-coniferous. Khula ngamaqembu futhi ngamunye.
• Yini engadideka ngayo: amakhowe abukeka kancane njengendwangu yomngcwabo, kodwa ahluke kuwo ngokuma kwekhanda, umbala obomvu obomvu, isitshalo esincane esingenalutho nompipu omnyama.

Ngemuva kokubilisa okuncane emanzini abilayo (imizuzu engu-20), ungakwazi usawoti noma ulungiselele amalungiselelo ebusika emanzini.

I-Bulavonogaya

Ulimi oluncane lwe-clava, igama lesiLatin elithi Clitocybe clavipes. Unamagama ambalwa kakhulu (i-Tolstonog, i-club-like).

Imfanelo nencazelo

• Isigqoko sikhulu kakhulu, sifinyelele kumasentimitha angu-8. Osemncane unesimo somzimba, bese kancane kancane amakhowe ajwayelekile, ajwayelekile ahlotshiswe ngesikhwama esigxotshiwe emgodini. "Umgodi" ophethe ikhoneni elincanyana, umbala wawo uyinhlanganisela yembala enombala obomvu neyimpunga, isikhathi sithela. I-pulp ye-cap iyamanzi, ithenda ne-brittle, inephunga elimnandi.
• Isiqu sigcwele phansi, bese - isilinda, isimo esivamile sifana nomlenze ongenqanyuliwe. Ukuphakama - kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-8 cm, ubukhulu - 50-70 mm. I-pulp leg leg, i-gray-brown, ngaphandle kwe-voids. Engxenyeni ephansi evuvukile, ungabuka ngeso lengqondo i-mycelium ngesimo se-plaque.
• Amacwecwe ahlelwe kancane kancane, okokuqala aphuzi-ahlanzekile, njengoba ikhunta likhula lithola ukukhanya okulula. Kutholakala phansi kwesiteji futhi kancane kancane wehlela emlenzeni.
• Indawo yokusatshalaliswa yisifunda saseYurophu, izintaba zeCaucasus, amagquma aseMpumalanga Ekude naseningizimu yeSiberia.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: emaqabunga amaqabunga kanye nama-conifers ahlanganiswe ne-birch. Ungabona i-maqabunga-amaqabunga amaqabunga ekhula eningi kakhulu futhi eyedwa. Первые грибы вырастают во второй декаде августа, наибольшее плодоношение наступает в сентябре, последние грибы можно встретить даже в конце октября.

Вкус у них весьма посредственный, хотя после термической обработки можно кушать. Umhluzi lapho ama-mushroom abilisiwe khona uvinjiwe (uqukethe ubuthi), amakhowe ahlanzwa kahle emanzini ahlanzekile futhi emva kwalokho angapheka. Lolu hlobo lompheki luphekwa, luphethwe, luthosiwe, lusawoti futhi lunolwandle.

Kubalulekile! Uma uhlose ukuba nomkhosi ngokusetshenziswa kweziphuzo ezidakayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi lesi sikhwama sizokhonzwa etafuleni - ngokuhlanganiswa neziphuzo ezidakayo, le mushroom iba yingozi kakhulu.

Ukubhema

Ukubhema okukhulumayo, ngesiLatini igama layo lizwakala njengeClitocybe nebularis. Lezi ezihlukahlukene zibizwa nangokuthi govorushkoy smoky gray. Amabhizinisi wezokwelapha asebenzisa i-nebularin yama-antibiotic equkethwe kulawa amakhowe futhi alungise imithi esekelwe kuwo.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• Le cap is medium noma enkulu kakhulu, ububanzi bayo sifinyelela 23 cm, ubuso kuyinto bushelelezi futhi icwecwe. Imibala yayo ingaba yi-shades of gray, ephuzi elibomvu noma eliphuzi eliphuzi. Ikhanda lezinyosi ezincane liyi-spherical, elincane elingaphansi, eliphakathi nendawo lingabona ukugqama okucacile. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, i-cap iba bushelelezi, emaphethelweni ayo alula futhi ahamba. Esikhathini sokuphumula, inyama isinyene, ikhuni, iyamhlophe. Umbala we-pulp emoyeni awushintshi, ukunambitheka kuyamnandi. Iphunga le-smvy ryvodovki liphakamisa izithelo ezibola, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi lifana nesiphunga eliqhakazayo sezimbali.
• Umlenze ugobile futhi uhlukaniswe, ingxenye engezansi iyindilinga futhi iphindwe kabili njengento eyinhloko, ukuphakama kuvela ku-5 kuya ku-15 cm. Kungaba bushelelezi noma kugubungulwe ngombala wombala omhlophe. Amakhowe amancane ane-stem stem, ngaphezulu kuphenduka. Umbala wemibala embalwa ulula kunombala wengubo.
• Amacwecwe amancane futhi atholakale athola umbala wesikhwama esingafaniyo, ungaxhunyiwe ku-mushroom stem, futhi unamathele kakhulu ku-cap.
• Indawo yokusatshalaliswa - emazweni aseNyakatho Hemisphere, lawa amakhowe afana nesimo sezulu esipholile.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: emahlathini asehlathini, emasimini asehlathini, emapaki, emahlathini e-coniferous ne-coniferous-aciduous. Izithelo ezivela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Agasti kuya phakathi noNovemba (ngekwindla ephansi). I-Mycelium ithanda ukuhlala phansi ngokhuni olubolile, eduze nemithi yemifiri nezihlahla. Ikhula emaqenjini amakhulu, ngokuvamile "imijikelezo yobuthakathi".
• Okungahle kudideke: ukubhema kufana nokufana kwamakho mushroom (entoloma sinuatum). Umehluko wukuthi i-sinolatum ye-Entoloma inamapulethi amnyama kanye nesigqoko sombala omnyama ophuzi.

Lawa govorushki kumele asebenze ngokuyisisekelo (abilisiwe ngamanzi abilayo imizuzu engu-20-25). Uma ungabilisi isikhathi eside, ungathola ukuhlushwa okuqinile. Ngemuva kokupheka, kunciphise ivolumu ngaphezu kwengxenye. Ukunambitheka kwabo akuyona into enhle kakhulu.

I-Orange

Ukukhuluma nge-orange, igama lesiLatini igama le-Lepiota aspera, le-mushroom enkulu enamakhomikhali ayidliwayo ibizwa ngekhanda layo elimibalabala.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• Le cap is thick, ububanzi - kusuka 5 kuya 22 cm, ubuso akuyona shiny, bushelelezi. Umbala ukhanyayo: wonke ama-shades ama-orange, amakhowe amaningi aphelile futhi abe umbala ophuzi ophuzi, noma amabala amakha asuke kuwo. Ezimweni ezincane, isigqoko esimweni sensimbi ephikisiwe, njengoba ikhula, iphuma futhi ibuye iqonde, futhi kamuva ithole isimo esicindezelekile. I-tubercle encane ibonakala phakathi, imiphetho ivuliwe. Emgodleni, umzimba wesigqoko umhlophe, uma uboniswa umoya-mpilo, umbala awuguquki, kubonakala iphunga le-alimondi.
• Umlenze uyisimo se-cylindrical, ukuphakama kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-15 cm, i-pulp yayo enobuciko iyomile. Umbala wemilenze uvame ukuhambisana nombala wengubo, noma unethoni elincane.
• Plate brown noma ukhilimu.
• Indawo yokusatshalaliswa - amazwe ase-Eurasia, lapho isimo sezulu sibheka khona.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: emaphethelweni emigwaqo yamahlathi, emaphethelweni ehlathi, amahlathi amakhulu ehlathi. Uthanda amahlathi ahlanganisiwe (izihlahla eziqhamukayo kanye ne-spruce), ukukhanya okuhle.
• Yini engadideka ngayo: i-orange inefana nomuntu okhuluma nge-giant, kodwa uhlukile emgqeni phakathi kwesigqoko, nomugqa onobuthi obomhlophe, onesiketi esinobuchopho (okufana nofulawa).

I-Govorushka i-orange enqunyiwe I-pulp esiphundu yezinqayi ezincane, ifanele izifundo zokuqala nezibili (ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-broths).

Uyazi? Omunye wamakhowe angavamile kakhulu emhlabeni yi-hydnellum kaPeck, igama lesibili elihunyushwe ngokuthi "izinyo ziphuma". Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama lidlulisela ngokuqondile ukubukeka kwefungus. I-mushroom emangalisayo ayiyona into enobuthi, kodwa iphikisayo izilwane nabantu abanokubukeka okunamandla nokunambitheka okubabayo. Lesi simangaliso sikhula eYurophu nakwezinye iziqhingi zasePacific Ocean emahlathini e-coniferous.

Undercut

I-Govorushka igobile, igama lesiLatin elithi Clitocybe geotropa. Imfanelo nencazelo

• Isigqoko sikhulu futhi sinobuhlungu, si-grey-yellow, ububanzi - kusuka ku-12 ukuya ku-20 cm, isimo sokuqala spherical nge-knoll encane, bese siba nesibhakela (nge-cone phakathi). I-pulp ye-cap inkulu. Emkhakheni wezinyosi ezincane, umzimba wesigqoko usomile, ukhululekile, umhlophe, kumbala omdala obomvu, ngephunga elimnandi.
• Umlenze une-pulp enesisindo nesigxobo se-club (pubescent mycelium) ukuqina phansi, ubude - kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-20 cm, ububanzi - 2-3 cm. Umbala ofanayo onesihe.
• Amapulangwe ngokuvamile atholakala, kancane kancane wehla emanzini amakhowe. Umbala wamakhowe amancane umhlophe, kudala - okuphuzi.
• Indawo yokusatshalaliswa amazwe aseYurophu, isifunda saseMpumalanga Ekude.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: emasimini asehlathini nasehlathini, emaphethelweni ehlathi. Uthanda amapaki ahlanganisiwe ehlathini kanye nenhlabathi eline-lime, ekhula emasongweni amakhulu, lapho kukhona amakhowe angu-20 kuya kwangu-50 (amakhulu nezincane). Iqala ukuhluma ehlobo, kusukela phakathi nohlobo, kanti ukukhula kwe-mycelium kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.
• Yini engadideka: okufana ne-entolome enobuhlungu. Kulula ukuhlukanisa, ngoba i-mushroom engenakutholakala ayinayo: isigqoko esinesixuku esiphakathi nesimo somngcwabo oguqulwayo, umlenze wayo ngaphandle kokuqiniswa okwenziwe ngezansi, futhi inyama iyamnandi. Uma wenza iphutha futhi udle i-entomus, ungathola isisu esibi kakhulu.

I-mushroom enhle futhi ehlwabusayo, ama-caps amancane afaneleka noma yiziphi izitsha. Kunconywa ukugwema amakhowe amadala, njengoba eba nzima kakhulu futhi enganambitheki emva kokupheka.

Isiqhwa

Umkhulumeli weqhwa, ngesiLatin obizwa ngeClitocybe pruinosa.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• Isikhwama sisuka ku-3 kuya ku-4 cm ububanzi, ukuma kokuqala kuyinkimbinkimbi ye-convex, ngemva kwesikhathi esincane - i-concave ejulile, igobile, ngezinye izikhathi imiphetho ye-wavy. Umbala unombala obomvu noma obomvu obuphakathi nesikhumba esicacile. Ukubamba ngekhefu kumhlophe, kulukhuni. Iphunga elimangalisayo lekhukhamba. Ama-spores alungele i-spore abukeka njengezinto ezimhlophe ze-powdery.
• Umlenze uyisilonda esincane esincane, esinezinyanga ezilula, kuze kube ngu-4 cm ubude, kufika ku-30 ​​mm ubukhulu. Umlenze ongenawo ama-voids, ogobile, obushelelezayo, umbala wayo uhlangana ngesikhwama samakhowe.
• Amacwecwe amancane, ngokuvamile atholakala, kancane kancane wehla emlenzeni. On amakhowe amadala - ophuzi, esemncane - white.
• Indawo yokusatshalaliswa yizizwe zesifunda saseYurophu.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: i-spruce, iphineyini futhi ixubene namahlathi ahlotshiswe ngobuningi belanga. Ikhula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (yonke iMeyi), ihlangana ngokungajwayelekile futhi hhayi ngonyaka.

Kubalulekile! Ukufaneleka kokudla akungaziwa - ulwazi emithonjeni ehlukene ngokuvamile kuvame ukuphikisana.

Giant

I-Govorushka enkulu, igama lesayense leucopaxillus giganteus, liyi-mushroom engavamile ukusuka esigabeni sokudla okungokwemvelo.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• I-cap is spherical, ngenkathi idlula futhi iphenduka ibe umbhoshongo ukhangela phezulu, imiphetho yincani, iphakanyisiwe phezulu. Ama-caps ajwayelekile kakhulu afinyelela ku-13-15 cm, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ama-giant ane-cap diameter ka-30-35 cm. Ubuso obungenalutho olukhanyayo, obushelelezi, kepha (kuye ngokuthi ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi) kuhlanganiswe nezilinganiso ezincane. Umbala wesikhwama unomhlophe weqhwa, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona nombala obala we-beige, inyama enqamukeni imhlophe, ine-aroma ephuzi elimnandi kanye nambitha omuhle. Uma unambitha i-pulp eluhlaza yamakhowe amadala ukunambitha, khona-ke iyophuma ngokubabayo.
• Unyawo luphakeme (8-10 cm) futhi lukhulu (3-4 cm) ezimhlophe ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
• Amacwecwe ayizinyosi, ahlale aphuzi njengoba ekhula, futhi atholakala ekuqondeni okuphansi ukusuka kwekhanda kuya kwesiteji.
• Indawo yokusabalalisa amazwe aseYurophu nasezindaweni zaseYurophu zaseRussia.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: emaphethelweni ehlathi evulekile, amadlelo. I-Mycelium iqala minyaka yonke, ukuvuna okuningi kuqala kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Agasti futhi kuqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zikaNovemba. I-Mycelium isesimweni sobubanzi obukhulu "imibuthano yobuthakathi".

I-mushroom enhle kakhulu, idinga ukupheka kokuqala. Kufaneleka kuzo zonke izitsha zokupheka, kanye nama-pickle nama-marinades. Emaspini e-mushroom alezi zinhlobo kukhona i-antibiotic yemvelo (i-Klitocybin A ne-B), ebhubhisa izigidigidi zesifo sofuba.

Amakhomikhali awunayo ukunambitheka okuthakazelisayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izindawo zokuphulukisa. Funda, kunamakhowe, ama-shiitake, ama-mushroom ama-boletus, ama-boletus, ama-cepes nama-mushroom amakhowe ayasiza.

Abathengi abanobuhlungu abangenayo

Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma yisiphi isikhunta singakwazi ukuqoqa izinsimbi ezisindayo nezidakamizwa emzimbeni wesithelo, futhi abakhulumi abahlukile. Yilokho okuqinisekisa ukuthi kuvinjelwe ukuqoqwa kwabathengi (abagibeli) eduze kwamabhizinisi amakhulu ezimboni kanye nemigwaqo ephakeme kakhulu. Ukudla amakhowe anjalo kungaholela ekudakwa ngokweqile.

Izinhlobo ezinobuthi ze govorushek - imithombo ye-muscarin, okuyinto i-toxin eqinile kakhulu. Izimpawu zokuqala zokudakwa zivela emahoreni amathathu:

• ukunxanxathela, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, izimpande esiswini nasemathunjini;
• ukucindezela kwehla ku-bradycardia ebalulekile kanye nesasus kwenzeka;
• uphonsa ngokuthuthumela okubandayo, uqala ukukhishwa kwamathambo okungalawuleki;
• le ndoda ishaya.

Kubalulekile! Into eyingozi kunazo zonke zegciwane leClitocybe yiqabunga elinobuthi elinamaqabunga noma i-goat exed. Leli amakhowe linambitheka kahle futhi iphunga elimnandi, kodwa ngemva kokwelapha okunjalo, umuntu uyafa emva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu ngokuncane noma engekho ushevu - izinso zakhe zivele zihluleke.

I-Whitish

I-whitish (i-white), igama lesayense le-Clitocybe candicans, iyinhlobonhlobo enobuthi obukhulu kakhulu. Imfanelo nencazelo

• I-cap isincane, ububanzi - kusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-4 cm, ukuguqa phansi noma ukuxhuma kancane, kune-muscarin (ubuthi obuqinile). Isikhungo sesikhwama siphelile sibomvu, eduze nemiphetho siphenduka sibe yimfene. On izigqoko ezincane kukhona plaque elikhanyayo (waxy), engekho amakhowe angaphezu. I-pulp ephutha iphunga ngokujabulisayo, kukhona ukufana okucacile kumnandi namaqabunga aluhlaza wezitamatisi abhalwe phansi.
• Umlenze unomzimba omncane, u-cylindrical, onobuso obushelelezi noma obunamathebhu, ubude buyi-2-4 cm. Umbala ungo-grey-pink, eduze komhlabathi kungu-grey omnyama.
• Amacwecwe ayinsimbi elula, ehla phansi esuka ku-cap kuya emlenzeni.
• Indawo yokusatshalaliswa yingxenye yeYurophu yezwekazi, iNyakatho neLatin America.
• Lapho kwenzeka: iqabunga lonyaka odlule noma umcamelo we-coniferous, ekutshalweni kwe-coniferous nokuxubene, ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ukulimala kuqala phakathi nehlobo bese kuqhubeka kuze kube seminyaka eyishumi kaSeptemba.

Ibala elimnyama (elimpunga)

Ukukhuluma okuncane noma okumpunga, igama lesiLatini elithi Clitocybe metachroa, linesihlungu kakhulu. Imfanelo nencazelo

• Isondo ngobubanzi kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-5 cm, ekuqaleni spherical, ne-tubercle ephakathi, imiphetho eboshwe; kamuva - eqondiswe kahle, ngephakathi okucindezelekile kanye ne-knoll phakathi. Umngcele unomzimba omncane futhi u-wavy, emvuleni uba mnandi. I-mushroom encane inekhanda elimhlophe elinengubo emhlophe ye-powdery phakathi, liba ngamanzi kancane kancane futhi liguqula umbala kumbala ogqamile, uma lingabi, likhanyisa, liba mhlophe-liphuzi noma licwebe. Nganoma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kombala, maphakathi njalo uhlala emnyama kunombala wesisekelo. I-Cappp ye-Cap is grey, amanzi, angenasiphelo. Izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe zibukeka njenge-powder emhlophe.
• Ubude bomlenze kusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-6 cm, ubukhulu - 30-50 mm. I-smooth, noma i-taping down, engenalutho, ekuqaleni iguqa ngengubo ekhanyayo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba umbala obomvu ogqamile.
• Amacwecwe amancane, ahlala atholakala, ahambisana nekhanda futhi kancane kancane ehla esiqongweni, i-gray gray embala.
• Indawo yokusatshalaliswa yiYurophu, izintaba zeCaucasus, amagquma aseMpumalanga Ekude.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: ngesi-spruce, i-pin, ukuhlunga okuxubile, okuhlelwe ngamaqembu. Ukulimala kuqala ngo-Agasti bese kuqhubeka kuze kube seqhwa.
• Yini engadideka ngayo: ifana nokulimi olukhuluma, olunephunga elimnandi. I-govorushka encane enombala obomvu ibukeka njengembuzi yasebusika (i-Clitocybe brumalis).

Kubalulekile! Ngokusola okuncane kakhulu kwe-mushroom poisoning, shayela ngokuphuthumayo ukuphuthumayo.

Brown ophuzi

Ikati elibomvu elibomvu, igama lesayensi uClitocybe gilva, i-fungus enobuthi, enezinye amagama: umugqa wamanzi, umugqa wegolide.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• I-cap isisindo, kodwa sincane, emgqeni omhlophe-ophuzi nge-aroma ephawulekayo ye-anise, ngokusho kwedatha engaqinisekisiwe, ukunambitheka kwayo kunzima kakhulu. Ububanzi bekhanda buvela ku-3 kuya ku-9 cm, ukuma kuqale kuhambisana ne-hill kanye nemiphetho egobile, kamuva - ngokucindezelwa kancane ngaphakathi, ngamaphethelo we-wavy amancane, ubuso bubushelelekile. Izindawo ezibonakalayo ezimanzi ezibonakalayo zihlala ezitsheni ezomile ngemuva kwemvula - lokhu kuyisici esiyingqayizivele kuphela kulezi zinhlobo. Emvuleni nangenkungu, i-cap iba amanzi, ngaphandle kokukhanya. Ukufaka imibala emathoneni aphuzi, ukuguga kudlulela futhi kufinyelele kumbala omhlophe obumhlophe, lapho amabala obomvu afaka khona. Izinhlamvu ezilungiselelwe i-spore zibukeka njenge-powder emhlophe.
• Umlenze awuyi-50-100 mm ubukhulu, kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-5 cm ubude, ububanzi noma obomvu, buba mncane emhlabathini, futhi buhlanganiswe ne-mycelium emhlophe ngaphansi komhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-voids. Umbala wazo zonke izinhlobo ze-shades eziphuzi, umbala ofanayo namacwecwe noma abambalwa abamnyama.
• Amacwecwe amancane, atholakala kakhulu, ehla emlenzeni, ngezinye izikhathi ama-wavy. Umbala wamacwecwe amakhowa amancane aphuzi ophuzi, uguquke ube unobundu obunzima obudala.
• Indawo yokusabalalisa - izifunda zaseYurophu, eMpumalanga Ekude.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: emasimini e-coniferous nehlanganisiwe, athela izithelo zonke ihlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ukuphakama kuphakathi kuka-Agasti. Ikhula ngamaqembu.
• Yini engadideka ngayo: umkhulumi obomvu-ophuzi ufana kakhulu nokukhwela okuvinjiwe, ngokungafani nalokho onombala obala kuwo wonke izingxenye. Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinobuthakathaka, akunakwenzeka ukuziqoqa futhi ukungezwani kwazo akubalulekile kwababhikishi be-mushroom. Kanti futhi, okubomvu-ophuzi kunamanye okufana nomugqa obomvu (i-Lepista inversa).

Ngokungenakwenzeka, ama-mycologists angaphandle awakhipha njengama-mushroom aqukethe i-muscarin.

Waxoshwa

I-Govorushka yaqala, ngesiLatin Clitocybe phyllophila. I-fungus inesifo esinobuthi, equkethe amaphesenti aphezulu we-muscarin yobuthi. Futhi unezinye amagama: i-leaf-love or greyish govorushka.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• Isigqoko sivela ku-6 kuya ku-8 cm ububanzi, esinobuso obubushelelezi obucwebezelekile, obudwetshiwe ngamathoni amhlophe, emaphethelweni avuliwe futhi avuke.
• Ukuphakama komlenze kusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-4 cm, okumncane, okwenziwe nge-cylindrical, umbala ufana nombala we-cap. Ngesikhathi sokuxhumana phakathi kwemilenze nomhlabathi kukhona ukuqina lapho umphetho omhlophe we-mycelium ubonakala ngokubonakalayo.
• Indawo yokusabalalisa ngamazwe ase-Eurasia.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: ukulimala, i-spruce noma ukuhlwanyela okuxubekile, kukhula emasenaleni noma emithonjeni yamashidi. Ukuhluma phakathi nokuwa, kuze kube seqhwa kuqala.

Kubalulekile! ERussia, kunombono wokuthi ngisho namakhowe angadli ngokuphelele, asetshenziselwa "ngaphansi kwekhulu amagremu" akakwazi ukulimaza lowo odlayo. Lokhu akusikho konke okwenzekayo; izinhlobo eziningi ze-govorushek azihambisani nezephuzo; kulokhu, ngisho nokuphathwa kwamakhowe okudliwayo ngokomzimba kungaholela ekudakwa komzimba okweqile.

I-Grooved

Ulimi luvutha, igama lesiLatin lizwakala njengeClitocybe.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• Isigqoko sincane, sibhebhezela, ububanzi - kuze kube ngamasentimitha amahlanu. I-spherical ekuqaleni, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba yi-concave futhi igcwele. Kuthatha umumo omncane we-leukemia nge-recess emnyama phakathi nendawo. Umbala unombala obomvu noma ompunga-omsulwa, oshiswa ngenxa yobudala befungus. Inyama ivulekile, ihlanzekile ngephutha (emvuleni - emhlophe). It has ukunambitheka okungavamile kanye iphunga powdery. Lapho kushisa, i-hat skukozhivaetsya futhi iphenduka isihlabathi esiphundu, emvuleni, imiphetho ye-wavy iba umbala wombala omnyama. Izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe zibukeka njenge-powder omhlophe.
• Umlenze we-wavy-lwalugobile noma oqondile, ngesimo se-cylinder noma ngisho, kumakhowe amadala uba yize. Umbala ophezulu ubumhlophe (ngokupula ufulawa), ubukhulu obuphansi, obuhlanganiswe ne-mycelium emgqeni nomhlabathi. Ekushiseni kuba ngcolile obunqunu.
• Amacwecwe amancane, ngokuvamile atholakala, ehla esiqwini, ubude bawo kumakhowe owodwa bungase buhluke. Umbala ungumbala ompunga obuhlaza noma obomvu obugqamile.
• Indawo yokusabalalisa amazwe aseYurophu.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: ikhula njengethimba kusuka kumakhowe ama-5 kuya ku-10 ezindaweni lapho amaphiko ekhula khona, akuvamile. Uthanda imithwalo ye-moss nokubhoboza amagxolo. Izithelo kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuJanuwari. Izintandokazi ziyenziwa, zihluphekile enhlabathini ephilayo.
• Okungahle kudideke: kufana nesilwane esinephunga elimnandi (i-Clitocybe ditopa), lihlukile ukuthi i-cap yesibili imbozwe ngengubo futhi ayikho imiphetho emide, umlenze ubufushane kakhulu. Futhi, i-govorushka enemibala encane (i-Clitocybe metachroa), ethanda ukukhula ezintshalweni ezinamagatsha futhi engenawo iphunga elimnandi, libukeka njenge-grooved one.

Cash

Igama leqabunga lingumthombo wesayensi uClitocybe phylophila.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• Шляпка диаметром от 4 до 10 см, изначально сферическая, имеющая по центру высокий бугор, краешки подогнутые. Впоследствии принимает слабо вдавленную форму (поверхность бугорчатая), с опущенным вниз, тонким и изогнутым краем. Окраска белёсая или серо-коричневая, со светлым налётом, в дождь становится водянистой, с отчётливо выделяющимися мокрыми бурыми пятнышками. Созревший споровый порошок приобретает охряно-кремовый цвет. Мякоть в разломе водянистая белая, но мясистая, пряно пахнущая.
• Ножка длиной от 4 до 8 см, шириной 50-100 мм. Ifomu ingahle lihluke: i-cylindrical, ihlanjululwe phansi, ene-club evulekile evulekile noma ehlehla phansi. Umlenze unobumba, endaweni yokuxhumana nomhlabathi, i-pubescent ne-mycelium emhlophe, iba yinto engavamile njengoba idlule. Umbala ugobala ekuqaleni, bese uba mbala oboya obuhlaza noma ophuzi obunzima ngokushintshwa kohlobo olubomvu.
• Amapulethi avulekile, ayitholakali atholakale, ehla ukusuka ku-cap kuya emlenzeni, umbala - kusukela omsulwa kuya kokhilimu.
• Indawo yokusatshalaliswa yisifunda saseYurophu.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: ku-birch, i-spruce ne-pine amahlumela, ikhetha ukukhula kumalitha. Ikhula emibuthanweni, imigqa, amaqembu. Kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu, ukulimala kuqala ngoSepthemba futhi kuphelile nge-frosts kaNovemba.
• Yini engadideka: ifana ne-govorushka waxish (i-Clitocybe cerrussata), ikhanda layo, lapho liphukile, liphunga iphunga elimnandi, ne-govorushka Belovatoy (i-Clitocybe dealbata), isayizi encane futhi ikhula emadlelweni.

Inverted

Ukukhuluma ngokuphambene, igama lesiLatin lizwakala njengeClitocybe inversa. Le fungus enobuthi inegama elilodwa le-govorushka elibomvu elibomvu, epulp ye-fungus kunezinhlayiya ezifana ne-muscarine.

Uyazi? Ama-truffles abhekwa njengamakhowe abizayo kakhulu emhlabeni, azingelwa ngosizo lwezilwane eziqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile (izinja noma izingulube). Isikhathi sokuzingela okunjalo ubusuku obujulile, kuleso sikhathi lapho izilwane zokucinga zizwa ukuthi iphunga le-truffles lingcono. Lezi amakhowe ezimangalisayo zikhula ngaphansi komhlaba.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• Isikhwama esinamamitha angu-4 kuya ku-10 ububanzi, kumakhowa amancane - spherical, maduze sanda futhi sithatha ifomu lomngcele omkhulu, emaphethelweni awo aphethwe. Umbala ubugqila, obomvu noma obubomvu, umbala wezitini ezibomvu, nezindawo ezibonakalayo ezimnyama. Izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe zibukeka njenge-powder omhlophe. Inyama ephuthelweni iyinhlamba ephaphathekile, isinyene, iphunga libukhali, eliqondile.
• Umlenze wesigidi esingu-4 ukuya ku-6 cm ubude, kufika ku-100 mm ububanzi, obuncane futhi obunamathebhu, obelula kancane kune-cap.
• Amacwecwe ahlelwe kahle, ayenomusa, kancane kancane wehla emlenzeni. Amakhowe amancane - ukhilimu, njengoba ekhula, athathe umbala okhandlayo.
• Indawo yokusabalalisa - isifunda saseYurophu, eMpumalanga Ekude, eCaucasus.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: ngesihlahla sase-spruce namahlathi wepine, kancane kancane lezi zinhlobo zingatholakala ekutshalweni okuxubekile. Ukulimala kuqala ngo-Agasti futhi kuqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Kwenzeka kaningi, ikhula eqenjini lama-plantings (emigqeni, "imibuthano yobuthakathi").

Okumnandi kakhulu

I-breadbread encane ephunga elimnandi, igama lesayensi le-Clitocybe litopa libhekisela ku-fungi enobuthi ongenayo.

Imfanelo nencazelo

• I-cap kuze kube ngu-6 cm ububanzi, amakhowe amancane, ayindilinga emaphethelweni avumelekile, ngemva kwalokho abe yipulazi noma ijika ngendlela ehlukile futhi ithathe ukubukeka okwenziwe ngekhamera, amaphethelo ayo amancane futhi aguquguqukile aphethwe. Umbala ungahluka kusuka ku-beige kuya ku-gray-brown, kukhona i-plaque emhlophe noma emhlophe (waxy) ku-hat, ingxenye engaphakathi yenqoqo inombala ogcwele futhi ogcwele. Ngokuntuleka komswakama, umbala wephunga elimnandi kakhulu lishintsha ku-gray-beige. Izinhlamvu ezibomvu ezivuthiwe. Inyama imhlophe-grey, nephunga elimnandi elimnandi, ngaphandle kokufutheka.
• Umlenze u-5-6 cm ubude, ububanzi obufinyelela ku-100 mm, ubujamo - obunama-cylindrical noma obuhlelwe phansi kancane, isikhathi siphelile. Imibala yemilenze nama-caps ayalingana, ngezansi - i-pubescence ne-mycelium.
• Amacwecwe avulekile, ahlelwe kahle, abe nobude obuhlukile. Imibala - imithunzi yegrey.
• Indawo yokusatshalaliswa yingxenye yeYurophu yeRussian Federation namanye amazwe aseYurophu.
• Lapho kwenzeka khona: amahlathi e-coniferous-aciduous. Izithelo ebusika (ngoDisemba noJanuwari).

Ama-mushroom we-Govorushka (ryadovki) yiyona ejwayelekile kunazo zonke izinhlobo ze-mushroom esifundeni saseYurophu, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Zifana kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe isitho esitholakalayo sinobuthi noma siyadla. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi bonke abakhulumi, abadwebe ngemibala enemhlophe, bangamarowu enobuthi. Zonke izinhlobo ze-govorushek - amakhowe ompofu amancane, ngakho-ke akufanele ube nomdlandla futhi uqoqe ukudla amakhowe, ekuqinisekisweni okungenakho ukuqiniseka okuphelele.

Ukubuyekeza