Ukuvuna kunamakhono amaningi ayigugu. Kodwa njengoba bewumqondo ohlangene owenza wonke umuntu amakhowe adle futhi anobuthi, abantu abaningi bawadlula. Ngisho nabaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi abahlale bengena engozini yokuqoqa izinhlanzi ezinjalo zehlathi, besaba ukudidanisa nabo nabazalwane abangenakuthola. Ngokuqhubekayo esihlokweni esizoxoxa ngazo ngezimpawu nezibonakaliso zokugwedla okubomvu, izindawo lapho zingatholakala khona, nezakhiwo eziwusizo.
Ukubonakala
Ibhodlela elibomvu elibomvu elimhlophe lidalwe amakhowe ezidliwayo anemibandela. Kungadliwa kuphekiwe, okuthosiwe, okuphekwe, okomisiwe, okufakwe emathinini, okufakwe emathisini, kanye nezinhlobo ezibandayo. Abaningi bakhonta lezi izitsha ngokubambisana namazambane ahlambulukile nempaphe e-anyanisi eluhlaza. Futhi, kusukela kulezi zithelo zehlathini, balungiselela ama-appetizers nezinhlobo zonke zeladidi ngaphandle kokubilisa.
Kubalulekile! Izigaba ezinobuthi azizona i-hallucinogens. Uma ubuthi buba khona, kunobuthakathaka obuvamile, isicashu, ukuhlanza, isizungu, ubuhlungu bomzimba kanye nesifo sohudo. Izimpawu zesifo sobuthe ziveza emahoreni angu-1.5-3.
Ngokusho kwabathengi be-mushroom abanolwazi, ama-ryadovki angaphansi kokunambitheka kwabangane babo abaningi. Lokhu kubangelwa ukunambitheka okuncane okubabayo komzimba wezithelo, okuyizinto ezitholakala ezintabeni zakudala. Uma ungatholi isikhunta esincane futhi ulingwa ukubukeka okukhangayo komugqa ovuthiwe, qiniseka ukuthi ugoqa ukuvuna ubusuku. Ochwepheshe bathi imbangela yokufutheka kunambitheka nokubunjwa kwe-mycorrhiza ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-coniferous. 
Naphezu kwalokhu kuntuleka, i-mushroom ivame ukubonakala njengento eyinhloko yokudla okunomsoco ekudleni okuhlukene. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali awo kusondelene kakhulu nemikhiqizo yenyama, futhi okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwesigamu segrimu eyikhulu kufana nesitsha se-rosehip mhluzi (20 kcal). Izakhamuzi zeluleka ukugaya kangcono ama-carbohydrate ukuhlanganisa imigqa ne-pasta kusuka koroyi we-durum, i-buckwheat ne-rice porridge.
Umkhiqizo omkhulu wamahlathi ungagcinwa esiqandisini izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu. Uma kusetshenziswe usawoti noma iqhwa, impilo yeshalofu izohlala ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Futhi esimweni esomisiwe noma ekheniwe, i-billet ngeke idale ngisho nonyaka.
Uyazi? Abathintekayo bemikhiqizo yobuso nemvelo yokunakekelwa komzimba sebenzisa umugqa ophuzi okwephuzi ukuze baphathe izigaxa futhi bavuselele umsebenzi wezinhlayiya ezisabekayo. Ukwenza lokhu, umzimba omisiwe wesithelo unomhlabathi owu-powder futhi ungeze emasikini wendabuko.
Ama-synonyms negama elidumile
Ezincwadini zesayensi, lolu hlobo lwamakhowe lubizwa ngokuthi i-yellow-brown row (Tricholoma fulvum). Kunombono wokuthi leli gama livela ezakhiweni ze-myco-formers ngombala othize wekhanda olandelanayo noma emaqenjini amakhulu. 
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi yokufunda isitshalo sezitshalo saseSweden u-Elias Magnus nesazi se-mycologist yaseMelika uCharles Hourton Peck saveza izici eziningi zezitshalo. Uma ubonisa isithakazelo futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe emithonjeni ekhethekile mayelana nokungafani kwalezi amakhowe, qaphela ukulandela amagama:
- I-Agaricus flavobrunneus;
- Agaricus fulvus;
- Agaricus nictitans;
- I-Callistosporium marginatum;
- Clitocybe marginata;
- Gyrophila fulva;
- I-Monadelphus marginatus;
- I-Tricholoma flavobrunneum;
- I-Tricholoma nictitans.
Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, imigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-orange, enombala obomvu nokubomvu. Wonke lawa magama ahlotshaniswa nama-shades we-mushroom cap. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi "plantain" alivamile, okubangelwa ukusatshalaliswa kabanzi kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Uyazi? Uhlobo oluthile lwe-ryadovok - matsutake - lukwazisa kakhulu ukudla kwaseJapane. Indawo yokudlela yokudla okunambitheka ensimini yeZwe leNtaba Ephumayo kulinganiselwa cishe ngamaRandi ayi-150..
Incazelo ye-botanical
Ukugoqa okubomvu okubomvu phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-genus kubonakala kalula yi-stem ephezulu. Kodwa lokhu akusilo uphawu oluyinhloko, olufanele lusekelwe ngesikhathi sokuzingela okuthulile. Ake sihlolisise le makhowe. 
Hat
Le ngxenye yefungus ivame ukudidliza abaqoqi abangenalwazi. Futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi ingaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: kusuka ekuphatheni okwehlisiwe nokusabalalisa kabanzi ekuthunjweni kwe-convex. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, phakathi nendawo ye-cap a tubercle ephansi kufanele ufake ngokucacile. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo olungenakulinganiswa, ububanzi be-cap buhluka kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-15 amasentimitha.
Zijwayeze ngezinhlobo zama-mushroom ezidliwayo ama-mushroom: i-white fungus, i-volnushka, i-grudge, i-chanterelle, i-honey agaric, i-mossworm, i-oilers, i-boletus, i-russula, i-boletus, amakhowe abomvu, ama-shiitake, i-oak tree, i-govorushka.
Ubuso bayo obunamathele bubonakala ngombala ophuzi obomvu ogcwele. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kutholakale ama-hues abomvu. Amaphethelo ahlale elula kunesikhungo. Ngenkathi yemvula, le cap ihlanganiswe nesicwecwe esithile. Futhi uma ukomisa kunesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Kuzibonelo ze-overripe, iba se-scaly. 
Pulp
Uma usika i-trophy enjalo, uzobona isakhiwo esimaphakathi nesinyene sombala ophuzi ophuzi (ngezinye izikhathi unotshani obomvu). Iphunga le-powdery nokunambitheka okubabayo kuyingqayizivele ku-fungus edlayo. 
Umlenze
Ubude bayo bungaba ngamasentimitha angu-15, nobukhulu - kufika ku-2 cm. Inomumo ojwayelekile we-cylindrical (ngezinye izikhathi ungakwazi ukwandisa phansi), isakhiwo esiqinile, esinesibindi nesomiso omile, obushelelekayo obufana nombala ku-cap. Ngesikhathi semvula, ukuqina kuvela emlenzeni.
Kubalulekile! Amakhomikhali anzima ukugaya, ngakho-ke, ayaphikisana nabantu abanezifo zesigubhu esiswini namasongo. Ngokudla okuningi, ngisho nasomuntu onempilo enhle, ukuhlushwa kungase kwenzeke.
Amarekhodi
Le ngxenye ye-ryadovki eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihluke kubalingani abanobuthi ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo okuphuzi noma okuphuzi. Ngezinye izikhathi izindawo ezibomvu namaphethelo angalingani avela kwi-hymenophore yamakhowe avuthiwe. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, amapuleti akhule kakhulu, angaba nkulu noma angatholakali. 
Isikhathi nendawo yokuhlala
Ukuvota akuyona into engavamile. Izinhlobonhlobo eziphuzi ezibomvu zivame ukutholakala ezintshalweni eziqhamukayo, kanye nangaphansi kwama-conifers. Amakhomikhali enza i-symbiosis ngama-birches, ama-oki, ama-beeches, i-pin. Hlanganisa eyodwa ngeqembu elilodwa namakhulu.
Isikhathi se-mushroom siqala ngo-Agasti futhi siqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi no-September.
Kubalulekile! Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemigqa enobuthi kanye ne-edibles kuyinto iphunga fetid, amafomu flat kanye nombala omhlophe caps.
Yiziphi amakhowe ongadideka
Namuhla, izitshalo ze-botanists ziyazi mayelana nezinhlobo eziyikhulu zefungi kusukela ku-genus ryadovok. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza iphutha lapho ukuqoqa izintambo ezinjalo kulula. Ezihlukahlukene eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngisho nabaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi ngokuvamile badidekile:
- I-Poplar ukudonsa (i-poplar) - i-hymenophore ehlukile emhlophe. Ikhula ngaphansi kwe-aspens nama-poplars. Kubhekwa njengokungokwemvelo okudliwayo.
- Ukugqoka ama-white-brown (lachanka) - i-mushroom edlalwa ngokomzimba, ekhonjiswe ngekhanda elimnyama elinemifino emnyama. Kulezi amakhowe inyama enhle ekhanda elingenayo izibonakaliso ze-yellowness.
- Ukuvutha okubomvu okwesibhakabhaka (i-pine evulekile) kubonakala ngekhanda elomile elimhlophe elinamazinga amancane anombala obomvu obomvu. Kubhekwa njengokungokwemvelo okudliwayo.
- Imigwaqo openkovidnoy (eboshwe) - izimpawu ezicacile zalesi fungus ezidliwayo ngokwemvelo zingama-caps angama-heterogeneous. Kungaba umbala ophuzi obomvu, obomvu ngisho nemifino eluhlaza. Ikhetha inhlabathi empofu ngaphansi kwamaphini.
- Umugqa we-soapy u-fungus ongenakulinganiswa, ohlukaniswa ngephunga layo lesithelo-insipho kanye nokungcola komnqumo embala we-cap. Uma usikwa, inyama ephuzi iqala ukuvuvukala.
- Ukuvuthwa kwesibabule (isibabule ophuzi) kuyinambuzane enobuthi, kodwa ephansi-toxic. Ngokuvame ukudideka yizicucu ezindala, kwi-cap lapho kubonakala khona i-hue enesibhakabhaka. Umzimba omncane wesithelo ubhekwa umbala ophuzi ophuzi. Ukusika isiteji esinjalo, uzizwa ngokushesha iphunga elimnandi le-tar, i-hydrogen sulfide noma i-acetylene.
Funda futhi ngezinye izinhlobo zemigqa: obomvu, obuluhlaza, obuhlaza.
Zuza kanye nokulimala
Ukuze ahlulele izinzuzo noma ukulimala kwezipho zehlathi, kunelungelo lokuhlaziya amakhemikhali abo.
Iqukethe:
- i-polysaccharides;
- i-phenols;
- i-flavonoids;
- i-clitocin ne-fomecin;
- i-ergosterol;
- i-sodium;
- i-phosphorus;
- i-zinc;
- i-manganese;
- i-calcium;
- insimbi;
- i-potassium;
- i-retinol;
- i-ascorbic acid;
- Amavithamini B;
- nicotinamide;
- i-betaine;
- i-phylloquinone;
- ergocalciferol;
- i-cholecalciferol;
- ama-amino acids (i-lysine, i-threonine, i-alanine, i-phenylalanine, i-glutamine, i-aspartic, i-stearic).
Eyinkimbinkimbi lezi zici zinikeza:
- anti-inflammatory;
- i-antivirus;
- i-immunomodulatory;
- i-antibacterial;
- umphumela we-antioxidant.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, ama-antibiotic yemvelo - i-clitocin ne-fomecin - ayimvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Uma i-ryadovki njalo enenani elincani ekhona ekudleni, umuntu onjalo ujwayelekile umsebenzi we-system cardiovascular, ngcono isimo sesibindi negazi, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi kanye noshukela wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukwanda kokuqina nokusebenza komsebenzi wengqondo.
Kubalulekile! Abaqoqi be-mushroom abahlangenwe nakho abakaze bathathe amakhowe eduze komgwaqo nasezindaweni zezimboni. Kulezi zingqungquthela kungcono ukuya ezindaweni ezikude zehlathi.
Nokho, ukupheka ryadovok kudinga ulwazi oluthile. Abaningi bangeze njengamazinga okusabadi njengama-saladi. Nakuba odokotela kulesi sici banombono wabo: amakhowe angasetshenzisiwe abangela ukudakwa okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba wesithelo, njengesiponji, uthatha imvelo yonke into, kuhlanganise nobuthi. Labachwepheshe bahlanganisa: i-cadmium, i-mercury, i-pesticides. Imidwebo endala engaphezulu kakhulu iyingozi. 
Ukulimala kuzoletha nokudla ngokweqile lokhu kudlalwa kwehlathi. Iphikisana kakhulu amakhowe ane-cholecystitis, i-asidi ephansi yesisu nesifo somzimba.
Uyazi? Amakhowe aqinile kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukukhula esikhaleni, i-sulfuric acid kanye nezindawo eziphezulu zokucindezela. Ngisho nase-reactor ye-Chernobyl plant plant, eminyakeni engu-16 ngemuva kwengozi, lezi zidumbu zitholakale.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziphuzi ezivela kwezinye izihlobo ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi abanobuthakathaka. Ngesikhathi ehlathini uzingela ngokucophelela ukuthi uzokwenzani ebhasikisini. Ekhaya, thumba kahle isivuno. Khumbula ukuthi konke kulungile ekulinganiseni. Okudlulele, ukudla okumnandi kuphela kubuhlungu.
