Njengoba sebethole isinkwa esibunjiwe etafuleni, bambalwa abantu abayojabula. Kubantu abaningi, lokhu kuyinto engavamile, kodwa evamile. Nakuba empeleni isikhunta esimhlophe, noma i-mushroom ka-mukor, asiyona elula njengoba kubonakala ekuqaleni. Namuhla emhlabeni kukhona izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 zalesi siko. Abanye babo baye bafunda ukusebenzisa emisebenzini yabo, kodwa kukhona nalawo ayingozi empilweni. Ubani lo mgodi ongaqondakali mukor - umngane noma isitha, zama ukuyiqonda.
Incazelo
Mukor - i-fungus ye-genus of mold, evela ekudleni, enhlabathini, enhlobonhlobo yezinto ezivela emvelweni ngokuphula imibandela yesitoreji sabo. 
Esikhathini sokuqala, kubonakala sengathi i-fuzz ecacile, ngakho igama layo lesibili liyisibopho esimhlophe.
Uyazi? Ngo-1922 eGibithe, okokuqala ngqá, ithuneni elingakaze laziwa nguFaro litholakale - kungcwaba uTutankhamun. Abaningi beqembu labavubukuli abasebenza kule ndawo bafa ngaphambi nje kokutholakala. Ukhetho lwalezi zenzakalo ezingathandeki lwaveza amahemuhemu esiqalekisayo esathatha abaphambeko bakaFaro. Nokho, ngo-1999, ama-microbiologists aseJalimane athola imbangela yokufa kwabantu: ama-mummies ethuneni ahlanganiswe uhlobo oluthile lwesibumbulu, okuyinto, emzimbeni womuntu ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuphefumula, kwaholela ekufeni kwabantu ngokushesha.
Njengoba ikoloni ikhula, ukwakheka kwe-sporangia kuqala ukuqhubeka nokuzala i-fungus. Banika inkomishi ye-mukor noma imbala ye-beige, futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokuphelele.
Isakhiwo se-mushroom
Ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ikholoni ye-mucor ibonakala iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Isisekelo salo - i-mycelium, okuyinto iseli elikhulu le-branched elinama-nuclei amaningi.
Ngosizo lwezintambo ezimhlophe (hyphae) lo mzimba uhlelwe enhlabathini. Njengengcambu yangempela, le migqa yochungechunge, isondela eduze kwemiphetho ye-mycelium. 
Isibunjwa esibonakala emehlweni angaboniwe yi-sporangiophores, izinwele ezikhulayo ezivela e-mycelium eyinhloko.
Uma lezi zinambuzane zihlala ezimweni ezikhululekile, lezi zinwele zizofinyelela amamitha amaningana ukuphakama. Inqubo yokuvuthwa kwe-mucor ku-sporangiophores kuvela sporangia - amabhokisi aqukethe izinhlamvu zokukhiqiza.
Sikukwazisa ukuba uzijwayele uhlu lwamakhowe ezidliwayo nezingozi, futhi ufunde ukuhlola amakhowe ukuze uqiniseke ngezindlela ezithandwayo.
Uma kulesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa ubheka i-mushroom ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ukubonakala kwayo kuzofana nomcamelo, ogcwele izikhonkwane. Ngakho-ke, le fungus ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isikhunta se-capitate.
Esigabeni sokugcina sokukhula kwamagobolondo e-sporangia, futhi izinkulungwane zezinhlamvu ezivuthiwe, ezilungele ukunikeza izizukulwane ezilandelayo zamakholoni ezikhunjini, zihlakazekile kuzo zonke izinkomba. Ngenxa yobukhulu babo obukhulu, bangabonakala kuphela ngemishini ekhethekile.
Ukuzala
I-Mukor ibeletha ngezindlela ezimbili:
- besebenzisa ingxabano. Ngenxa yokulima, udinga ukudla okunempilo, ukufudumala, ukufinyelela kumswakama nomoya omusha. Izingxabano ezikhazimulayo zisakazwa yizimbangi zomoya;
Kubalulekile! Uma izingxabano zingenanhlanhla ngokwanele ukuze zingene ezimweni zokunethezeka, khona isikhathi eside zingakwazi ukulala, kuyilapho zihlala zikhona. Futhi uma isimo siba mnandi, ngokushesha sihluma, sakha i-mycelium entsha.
- ngokobulili. Uma inhlabathi lapho ikoloni ikhula khona engasakwazi ukuyipha, khona-ke i-hyphae ye-mycelium ehlukene iqala ukuguqula, ukuxhuma ngamakhanda abo, i-gametangia. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlangana, i-zygote ehlanganisiwe nge-spike iyakhiwa. Ngemva kokuvuthwa, igobolondo layo liqhuma, likhulula i-mycelium yemvelo, lapho i-sporangia ivela khona ngezinhlamvu zokukhiqiza ngokocansi. Futhi inyunyana yabo kuphela eholela ekudalweni komzimba wamakhowe omzimba ogcwele.
Amandla
Emhlabeni akukho ndawo lapho ngabe isikhunta siphelile khona. Itholakala ezindongeni zama reactor atomic, kwi-satellite ye-orbital, kumikhiqizo yokudla, inhlabathi kanye nemfucuza. Nomaphi lapho kufudumele khona, kunomswakama futhi kunokuthile okudliwayo, kuyoba khona amakhowe ase-mukor. Futhi ukudla kwakhe kuhluka kakhulu, okubonakala ngekhalori eliphezulu.
Uyazi? Ngamahloni ngesikhathi sokuqala, isikhunta singabhubhisa izitini, i-plaster kanye nokukhonkolo.
Ukuphakamisa uhlu lwezinkwa zokudla okumnandi kuyisinkwa esimhlophe, amazambane, nezithelo ezinhle. 
I-mushroom ye-Mukor ngesinkwa esimhlophe Ngokwehlobo lokudla, isikhunta sibhekwa njenge-saprotrophs - izilwane ezondla izakhi ezivela ezithombeni ezifile.
Kubalulekile! Ukwelashwa kungenzeka nge-inhalation of spores noma ukungena kwabo ngesilonda esikhumbeni ngaphansi kwesimo sokuzivikela okunciphise.
Ukusetshenziswa
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingu-60 ze-mucor ziwusizo kakhulu kubantu, ngoba ngosizo lwabo:
- yenza ushizi. Ukuze kulungiswe i-tofu ne-tempeh ethandwayo, i-sourdough ngesisekelo se-mucor ithathwa, futhi i-marble ne-blue cheeses idalwa ngesisekelo sobunzima obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka "esihloniphekile";
- upheke isobho. Izidlo ezinjalo zivamile e-Italy naseSpain, lapho kukhona khona ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokucubungula imikhiqizo yenyama. Ngokuhambisana nabo, ama-sausage agcinwa engaphansi kwenyanga, lapho ahlanganiswa khona isikhunta esimhlophe noma esilula. Khona-ke ukucubungula okukhethekile kwemikhiqizo kwenziwa, futhi emva kwezinyanga ezintathu bazimisele ngokugcwele ukusetshenziswa;
- yenza amazambane utshwala;
- uthole izidakamizwa. Kusukela ku-rammannian mucor kuveza uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-antibiotics - ramitsin.
Ushizi olusekelwe eMucorIngozi
Kodwa iKubor ayizuzisi nje kuphela. Ezinye zezinhlobo zawo zingalimaza impilo yabantu. Phakathi kwezifo eziyaziwa kakhulu eziphethwe isikhunta yi-mucoromicosis. Ukungena emzimbeni womuntu, i-fungus ihlasela izitho zangaphakathi, kubangele ukufa kwenyama. Izilwane nazo zingenwa igciwane.
Kulezi zinhlobo ezingu-60, amahlanu kuphela ayingozi kubantu, kanti ezinye eziningana ziyingozi ezilwaneni.
Amakhowe adumile kakhulu adliwa yiwo: ama-chanterelles, amakhowe amhlophe, ama-russules, uju agarics, volushki, ryadovki, mokhovik, amakhowe amakhowe, amakhowe nama-boletus.
I-Mukor, noma isikhunta esimhlophe, iyimvelo enemvelo ekhula ngokushesha lapho kunezimo ezifanele. Ezinye zezinhlobo zawo ziyalinywa ema laboratories ukuze kusetshenziswe okuqhubekayo ekuphekeni nasemithi. Kodwa ezindaweni ezifuywayo ezivela "emhlobheni" onjalo ezindongeni, izindawo kanye nemikhiqizo kufanele ilahlwe masinyane ukuze kugweme izinkinga zempilo.
