Isigaba Isitshalo semifino

Utamatisi iyimifino eyingqayizivele eheha izakhamuzi eziningi emhlabeni wethu. Izitsha eziningi ezahlukene zilungiselelwa kuwo, futhi imifino entsha ingadliwa njengokudla okuzimele. Kubaluleke kakhulu etafuleni, hhayi kuphela ngenkathi, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi sehlobo sasebusika, lapho imikhiqizo engaphansi nangaphansi igcwalisa imizimba yethu ngamavithamini nezinto eziwusizo.

Izakhamuzi zasehlobo kanye nabathandi bezitshalo zenziwa ukuthi zikhule ukhukhamba kanye neminye imifino ekhaya. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo zakho ziyohlala zikhona ngaphansi kweso elilindile futhi zijabulele isivuno esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nezitshalo ezikhulile zasekhaya zijwayele izifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ngokuningiliziwe ngezifo zamakhukhamba uma ukhulile efasiteleni kanye nezinkinga ezivela, futhi isithombe sizokwazisa isitha ngomuntu.

Ikhukhamba "Nezhinsky" yavela okokuqala emzini Nezhin (Ukraine), ngakho igama layo. Sekuyisikhathi eside, kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo nokugcina isitoreji eside ku-brine. Namuhla, ngenxa yokubonakala kwenani elikhulu leminye imifino kanye nenzalo, kuyinto encane ekhohliwe, kodwa ize.

Ikhukhamba ingenye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu ezitshalwe namuhla ngabalimi. Ngokubunjwa kwamakhemikhali, izithelo zingama-95% amanzi, kanti konke okunye kuyi-carotene, amavithamini, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements. Namuhla, kunezinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba, okunye okungafani nesimo sesithelo, ubukhulu besikhumba, ngisho nokuphakama kwesitshalo ngokwawo.

Njengoba unqume ukukhula ukhukhamba, akukhathaleli nhlobo noma ukuthengiswa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kungcono ukuvimbela izinkinga kunokubhekana nemiphumela. Ulwazi lwezimiso zobuchwepheshe bezolimo kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kwamakhukhamba ezivela ezifweni zamakhambi omuntu kuzosiza ngisho nabalimi be-novice ukuthola isivuno esifisa.

Lapho ukhula ukhukhamba, abalimi bavame ukubhekana nombuzo wokuthi kufanele bathathe amaqabunga ekhukhamba bese bekhetha ikhukhamba amadevu. Ake sihlolisise lo mbuzo. Benzani lokhu? Lapho ukhathalela ukhukhamba, ama-agronomists amaningi atusa ukunciphisa noma ukusika amaqabunga. Le nqubo yenziwa: ukuthuthukisa umoya wokuphuza umoya; ukuvimbela izimpande zokubola; ukukhanya kangcono kwesitshalo; ukwandisa isivuno semifino; ukubunjwa okulungile kwesitshalo; ukususwa kwezinhlamvu ezigulayo, ezilukhuni nezindala; ukulahla izimbali ezingenalutho.

Uma ihlobo libandayo futhi lizulu, izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zikhathazeka ngombuzo: indlela yokuvikela imibhede yabo ngamakhukhamba avela kuleso sifo njenge-powdery mildew. Leli igciwane elivamile, okuyinto ngeshwa, abalimi abaningi kufanele balwe. Esihlokweni sethu sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yisiphi isikhumba se-powdery, kungani sibonakala ngamakhukhamba nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezikhona zokulwa nalo.

Umama we-Mealy (noma umlotha) uyisifo se-fungal esithinta izitshalo eziningi zezitshalo, kanti utamatisi awunjalo. Kulesi sihloko sizofunda ukuthi i-powdery isikhutha ibheka kanjani utamatisi nokuthi ungayibhekana kanjani nayo. Yini eyingozi futhi ivelaphi i-Mildew iyingozi ngoba ithatha izakhi ezivela esitshalweni, iphula izinqubo ze-photosynthesis, ukuphefumula, yenza isihlahla sama-tomato singazinzile ngisho nokupholisa kancane.

Isitshalo esisivuthiwe esakhiweni sezolimo ngokuvamile sihlaselwa izinyoni ezihlala eduze. Ama-sparrows, ama-crows noma ama-rook - lezi zinyoni, ezindizayo emhlambini, ziyakwazi ukwamukela ngokugcwele izithelo zomuthi owodwa we-cherry ngamahora ambalwa. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-garden dummy iza ukuvikela abalimi ngamagundane amaphiko.

Ngisho nabalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bangabhekene nengozi njengamaqabunga aphuzi amathe utamatisi endaweni yokushisa. Izizathu zalokhu zihluke ngokuphelele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa umthombo wenkinga ngesikhathi ukuze uthole isisombululo futhi unike amandla utamatisi ukuba akhule futhi athuthukise. Ake sibone ukuthi kungani amahlamvu utamatisi etshalwe ku-abamba ukushisa aphuzi futhi anqume izixazululo ezikhona kule nkinga.

Ngokuvamile abalimi kufanele babhekane nokuthi ama-ukhukhamba abo abamba ukushisa, abathandayo, ayathinta izifo nezinambuzane. Isimo, esakhiwa ngaphakathi, sisiza ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ukulwa nalezi zinkinga kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo zemifino.

Ukutshala utamatisi okhanda namuhla uye waba umsebenzi othandwayo. Kodwa indlela yokutshala utamatisi we-cherry ekhaya efasiteleni futhi uthole isivuno esikhulu, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo. Ukwaziswa ngokuhlwanyela nokuqhubeka nokunakekelwa isimangaliso esincane esimnandi kufakwe kulesi sihloko. Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-utamatisi o-cherry afanele ukukhula efasiteleni. Ukuze ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kwakungcono, futhi isihlahla asizange sibhekane nokungabi nesikhala, kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo ezincane ezikhulayo.

Ukutshala noma yimiphi imifino iqala ngokutshala kwayo, ngakho kubalulekile ukwazi ngazo zonke izinselele zezinqubo. Ukwazi ukuthi uzotla nini utamatisi noma ukhukhamba kanjani izithombo, ungalindela ngokuphepha isivuno esivulekile ekwindla. Ake sibheke ngalolu daba kakhulu. Yini edingekayo yokulima Kuhlanganisa imbewu yekhukhamba, uzodinga nezinye izingxenye zokutshala: umthamo, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi efanele kanye nezimo ezifanele zezulu.

Amakhukhamba okugaya iyinkqubo edingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe isivuno esingcono. Ukuhlukanisa ukubiza amagatsha ohlangothini wesitshalo, ukuthole izakhi zomuthi oyinhloko, obuye ulahlekelwe amandla awo futhi ulethe izithelo ezimbalwa. Ukukhishwa kwezinyathelo ezivela emakhukheni kunomthelela ekukhiqizeni izinto ezibalulekile yigatsha eliyinhloko kanye nokufezwa kokuvuna okucebile.

Uma une-cottage yakho ehlobo, khona-ke umbuzo wokutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene zensimu awukwazi ukukujabulisa. Inkinga eyinhloko ngokuvamile ukukhetha indawo ethile yokukhula kwamakhukhamba noma utamatisi, ngoba ungakhula kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile (ensimini) nasendlini yokushisa yama polycarbonate.

Ikhukhamba ihlale ikhona ekudleni kwabantu. Lokhu kungomunye wemifino evame kakhulu emazweni ase-Soviet. Phela, kungenangqondo futhi akulethi ukuvuna kuphela, kodwa futhi kunenzuzo yezezimali kubahlali abaningi basehlobo. Ukushisa noma umhlabathi ovulekile, njalo ukukhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zekhukhamba. Ukhukhamba ungakhula kokubili kokushisa futhi endaweni evulekile - abalimi banikeza ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo zembewu.

Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezicebile zezitshalo kudingeka zinikeze amaminerali adingekayo ngesikhathi. Kodwa namuhla, akuwona wonke umuntu ongenakho ukuthenga ukufaka umquba owenziwe ngomumo, yingakho kufanele sikhumbule ngemithi eshibhile, esaziwayo, kodwa ekhohliwe. Futhi enye yazo i-boric acid.

Amakhukhamba aseLukhovitsky abaluleka kakhulu ngabalimi, ngoba banambitheka kakhulu, babukeka kahle futhi bafanele ukusetshenziswa kokubili nokushayela. Yize lezi zinhlobo zitshalwe ezimweni ezikhethekile, ungase uzame ukwenza lokhu ekhaya. Kulesi sihloko sizocabangela indlela yokuhlela izimo ezidingekayo zekhukhamba Lukhovitsky ukuze uthole isivuno esihle kakhulu, futhi sinikeze incazelo yezinhlobo zayo ezidume kakhulu.

Imifino ingokwesiklabishi eklasini, kubhekwa njengezihlukahlukene zezithombo zokuhlwanyela. Yilezi zinhlobo ezingekho endle, ngokungafani nokunye. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Asia yindawo yokuzalwa yemifino. Ikhulile eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, e-Australia nase-Asia. Isithombo se-black sinezici ezizuzisayo nezinqunquthela, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengekhambi lomuntu ukwelashwa kokukhwehlela.

Ukhukhamba, njengoba kuyaziwa, isitshalo segatsha futhi ensimini kudinga indawo enkulu yamahhala amahlumela awo amakhulu namaqabunga amakhulu. Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zinika izilwane ezifuywayo ezikhululekile, futhi ziyakhula emigwaqeni ngisho nasemibhedeni engomakhelwane. Kodwa yini okufanele yenze uma isayithi lincane, kodwa ngifuna ukukhula kakhulu kulo?