Ukutshala noma yimiphi imifino iqala ngokutshala kwayo, ngakho kubalulekile ukwazi ngazo zonke izinselele zezinqubo. Ukwazi ukuthi uzotla nini utamatisi noma ukhukhamba kanjani izithombo, ungalindela ngokuphepha isivuno esivulekile ekwindla. Ake sibheke ngalolu daba kakhulu.
Okudingayo ukukhula
Ngaphezu kwembewu yamakhukhamba, uzodinga futhi ezinye izingxenye zokutshala: umthamo, ukubunjwa okulungile kwenhlabathi nezimo ezifanele zezulu. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala. 
Faka phansi ukhukhamba
Uma ufuna izithombo zakho zilethe ukuvuna okucebile, kufanele ucabange ngokushesha ngomhlabathi ozitshala kuwo. I-substrate efanelekayo yezinhlamvu izoba ingxube yezwe le-humus, le-mullein ne-sod ku-7: 1: 2. Ungasebenzisa futhi ukuxuba inhlabathi ehlanganisa i-mullein ne-peat (1: 4), enezela u-30 g we-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate, i-lime (30 g), usawoti we-potassium (6 g) ne-superphosphate (20 g) ebhaketheni lalokubunjwa.
Hlola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zekhukhamba: "Masha f1", "Umncintiswano", "Zozulya", "isiJalimane" nesibindi ".Ukucabangela lokho ukhukhamba "izingozi" futhi "izitshalo ezingenasisekelo" Ukufakelwa okungenakubekezela emhlabathini ovulekile (ngokuvamile ugula futhi uhlume kahle endaweni entsha), khona-ke izithombo zazo kufanele zitshalwe ngaphandle kokukhethwa. Ngakho-ke, izinkomishi zamapulasitiki ezisele ezivela ku-yoghurts noma ukhilimu omuncu zilungele kakhulu indima yamathangi embewu, uma nje ivolumu yabo ingaphansi kuka-400 ml, ekuphakameni kwe-12 cm. Akuyona into engathandeki kakhulu ukusebenzisa izitshalo ezincane, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lwezithombo alukwazi ukujwayelekile ukuthuthukisa futhi kuzokwehlisa ukukhula kwayo. Ngenye indlela, ungasebenzisa amaphilisi okhethekile we-peat noma ama-shell shell.
Izimo zezulu
Akuyona indima yokugcina ekukhuleni kwamakhukhamba nezinkomba zokushisa ukudlala. Ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala ezimbizeni, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lokuhluma kufanele libe ngu-20 ... + 25 ° C, kodwa lingancishiswa kancane libe ngu-20 ... + 22 ° C phakathi nosuku no-15 ... + 16 ° C ebusuku. .
Kubalulekile! Inhlabathi kufanele ifudumele ngokulinganayo kuya ku-15 ° C ukuze izithombo zingabi ngqangi ebusuku.
Isikhathi esihle sokukhula
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho ekukhulumeni kwezitshalo ezihlukeneyo abalaleli kuphela abalaleli kuphela izeluleko zabakhiqizi, kodwa nezinkolelo ezithandwayo ngisho nezincomo zabasebenzisa izinkanyezi, ngoba uma wenza konke ngokufanele, uzonikezwa umphumela omuhle. Ake siqhubeke kulolu logic, futhi sizozama ukuthola isikhathi esihle sokukhula ukhukhamba. 
Njengoba kunconywe umenzi
Njengoba sinikezwe indawo yezwe lethu, abalimi abaningi bezolimo batshelwe ukutshala ukhukhamba esiteshini esiseduze naphakathi kuka-Ephreli, kanti ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nasekuqaleni kukaMeyi (ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kungenzeka ukucacisa isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu). Kule ndaba, kuncike ekutheni isimo sezulu esishisayo sihlala kanjani endaweni yakho futhi inhlabathi ivuselela. Inketho ekahle kuyoba khona ukushisa okushisa okwenziwe imibhede efudumele.
Uma zonke lezi zimo zifinyelelwa, futhi uhlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ungazama ukuhambisa izithombo ukuvula phansi ngoMashi.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uzimisele ngokuqondile isikhathi esithile sokutshala imbewu ezinkomishi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi izithombo zifakelwa embhedeni wembali cishe amasonto amathathu emva kokuhlwanyela.Konke okubalwa ngokucophelela nokwazi isimo sezulu kusengaphambili, ungakwazi kalula ukubala isikhathi esihle ukuqala ukhukhamba ezikhulayo.
Ngekhalenda yenyanga
Okukhethwa kukho okuthakazelisayo yi-orientation ezinconyweni zekhalenda yenyanga, okungukuthi unyaka ngamunye ungahluka kakhulu. Ngokwezibikezelo zonyaka ka-2017, isikhathi esimnandi lapho kungenzeka khona ukutshala ukhukhamba wezithombo kubhekwa ngo-Mashi 4 no-5 (izinombolo ezihle kunazo zonke ziyi-1, 6, 7 no-29-31 kule nyanga), kanti futhi no-Ephreli 1 no-2 (kodwa kungcono ukuhlela Izinombolo ezingu-9, 10, 27 no-28). Ngokuhlwanyela okulandelayo, kubalulekile ukugxila ngoMeyi 26-27 (izinombolo ezingu-2-3 zivame ukuvunywa kule nyanga). NgoJuni, isikhathi esifanele kakhulu sokuxazulula le nkinga sizoba yinombolo yesishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye, nakuba kunjalo, ungenza inqubo 3-4.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abalimi abaningi "baxoxisana" nekhalenda yenyanga hhayi kuphela ezindabeni zokutshala ukhukhamba, kodwa futhi ekunakekeleni kwabo phambili. Isibonelo, naphezu kokuthi lezi zitshalo zidinga ukuchelela njalo (ngesikhathi sokuhluma okusebenzayo, ukungena kwamanzi emhlabathini kufanele kwenziwe kanye njalo emva kwezinsuku ezintathu), le nqubo kufanele iqaphele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma inyanga ithonywe yiGemini neLibra. Ngo-2017, lesi sikhathi siwela ngo-4-5 no-13-14 Mashi, ngo-1 no-9-11 ku-Ephreli, ngo-7-8 nangama-16-17 kuMeyi, ngo-3-5 no-29-30 Juni, ngo-1, 10-11 no-29-30. Julayi, 16 no-25-26 Agasti. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufaka umanyolo kungcono kakhulu ngezinsuku ezilandelayo: ngo-Mashi - 4-5, 9 no-13-16, ngo-Ephreli - 12-13 no-22-23, ngoMeyi-19-23, ngoJuni 8-9, ngoJulayi - 20-21 no-24, kanti ngo-Agasti - 3-4 no-9-12 izinombolo.
Uyazi? ERussia, izithelo ezine-tubercles zibhekwa njengezikhukhamba zangempela, kodwa ama-Europe, ngokuphambene, ahlonipha izinkomba ezibushelelezi ngaphezulu, ebiza ngokuthi "amakhukhamba ekhanda laseRussia".
Ukubaluleka kokukhetha okulungile
Njengoba usuqalile ukuthi uzohlwanyela ukhukhamba, yisikhathi sokuhambisa umbuzo wokuthi ungakhetha kanjani imbewu efanele yokutshala endaweni yakho. Iqiniso liwukuthi zonke izinhlobonhlobo zalesi sitshalo zihlukaniswe zibe yimpova yizinyosi kanye ne-parthenocarpic, okubalulekile ukucabangela lapho uthenga imbewu. Indlela yokugcina yokuhlanganisa ayidingi impova ngezinambuzane, ezivumela ukuba zikhule ezindaweni zokugcina ezincane.
Zijwayeze nazo zonke iziqili zamakhukhamba ezikhulayo amabhakede.Ukuze uhlakulele emhlabathini ovulekile, ungathenga izinhlobo zamaqembu womabili kanye nezinhlamvu zawo (ezichazwe njengeF1), kodwa ezinye izimo ezibucayi kufanele zicatshangelwe. Isibonelo, ukhukhamba we-bee-impova ibekezelela umoya ophansi we-humidity futhi ayamelana nemiphumela yelanga nomoya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlobo ze-parthenocarpic azivami ukuba zibaba futhi azifaki imbewu.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zamakhukhamba omhlaba ovulekile zibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene "Vyaznikovsky 37", "i-Altai Early 166", "Inomusa ne-Murom 36". Ukushisa okunezinhlobo eziningi kukhona izinhlobo "Manul", "Friendly", "Emangalisayo", "April" kanye "MOVIR-1". 
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezintsha ukuhlinzeka nzalo:
- "Baba Masha" - Parthenocarpic ingxenye, ezihlukahlukene ze-bee-pollinated ne isivuno esingama-13 kg ngehora elilodwa lemigqa, elihle kakhulu emaceleni futhi liphikisana kakhulu nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
- "Ayikho inhlekelele" - njengenguqulo yangaphambilini, ungakwazi ukuvuna kuze kube ngu-13 kg wezitshalo kusuka kumamitha angu-1 kuphela okuhlwanyela, ukuqala ukuvuna ekuqaleni kwehlobo bese kuphele phakathi kwekwindla. Kuhle ukupheka ama-marinades nama-pickle.
- "Ezinhlanu Ezinhle" - ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ze-parthenocarpic, okuvame ukukhiqiza isivuno esingu-15 kg ngehora elilodwa lemitha. Izithelo kahle zigcinwe kokubili fresh futhi ngesimo ukudla okheniwe.
Uyazi? Ikhukhamba elingaphezulu kwama-95% ngamanzi.Izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-hybrid njenge:
- "Baby" - i-ultraearly, i-bee-pollinating varieties, izithelo zazo ezivuthwa ndawonye ezinsukwini ezingu-40 emva kokusuka kokuqala. Akuzona ezibabayo futhi zihle kakhulu kokubili ama-saladi nokulondolozwa.
- "Amawele" - ibanga elivuthiwe elivuthiwe lihlukile emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu okukhiqiza (kusuka ku-1m² kuya ku-13 kg wezithelo). Le hybrid ye-bee-pollinating ibekezelela ukushisa kwamanzi futhi igxile kakhulu ezifweni. Izithelo zibekiwe, hhayi ezibabayo futhi zingasetshenziselwa noma yiziphi izidingo zokudla.
- "Khrum-Khrum" - Enye i-hybrid ye-bee-pollinating yokuqala, ekahle ekudaleni izikhala ezihlukahlukene. Ibekezelela ukoma, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, kodwa ukuvunwa okuhle kudinga ukuchelela njalo.
- "Apetitny" - ukuhlinzekwa okuphezulu kwe-hybrid yenhloso yendawo yonke, kubhekisela kokuhlukahluka kwe-bee-pollinating nokuvuthwa okuphakathi kokuqala. Uzizwa kahle kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nasenhlabathini ngaphansi kwekhava lesikhashana lefilimu.
- "Baby" - ukuvuthwa kokuqala kokuvuthwa kwezinyosi, ukuhlunga izinyosi, ngesikhathi esifanayo isitshalo esinqunyiwe samakhukhamba (izithelo zifinyelela ku-7-10 cm ubude). Awuphenduphuzi, angaqhubeki futhi angasetshenziselwa noma yiziphi izinhloso zokucubungula. Ngenxa yokumelana nokugula okuphezulu, "Baby" ingatshalwa hhayi kuphela ensimini (enhlabathini evulekile), kodwa nasezikhungweni zokugcina izithombo, futhi ngezimo ezingahle kakhulu.
- "Antoshka" - I-parthenocarpic hybrid yokuvuthwa okuphakathi kokuqala. Efanelekile ukulima endaweni evulekile, kodwa evikelwe, lapho kukhona ukwakheka okunobungane kwesitshalo jikelele. Njengesiyaluyalu esidlule, "u-Antoshka" ubekezelela ukushisa okukhulu okushisa emakhazeni asebusuku nabusuku, futhi ukhula ngokuthula ngokuntuleka kokukhanya.
- "Izingane zasenkulisa" - i-parthenocarpic hybrid yamakhukhamba, evezwe yisikhathi sokuvuthwa esijwayelekile kanye ne-fruiting ende. Izithelo azivezi noma ziphuzi, zibhekana kahle nezifo futhi zilungele ukuhamba kwesikhathi eside. Fresh, izithelo zingagcinwa kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-10, kodwa zingasetshenziswa nokulondolozwa.
Kubalulekile! Kulabo abajwayele ukubuyela ekutshalweni kwabo kuphela ngezimpelasonto, izinto ezingezona eziboshweyo zingcono, ezingaphazamisi ukujikeleza okuvamile kwemoya.
Amathiphu Okunakekela
Ukukhuphula izithombo zekhukhamba, ngisho nokwazi ukuthi uzitshala kahle, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kolwazi mayelana nezici zokunakekela lezi zitshalo ezingenasisekelo. Okokuqala, udinga ukwazi ukuthi badinga ukuchelela njalo (kepha ungayidluli, kungenjalo kunamathuba aphakeme ekubunjweni kwezifo ze-fungal), ukondla njalo futhi uphawule izikhathi eziningana ngenkathi, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwempande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezikhula emhlabathini ovulekile zivame ukhiqiza iqabunga elingama-5-6, elikhuthaza ngokuphelele ukwakheka kwemivimbo ye-lateral. 
Ngokuphathelene nezinketho zokushisa, zivamise njalo imivimbo emaceleni engaphezulu kwe-ovari yokuqala. Ukuze lula ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo nokuthuthukisa izimo zamanzi nokushisa, imibhede yokuhlwanyela kufanele ihlanganiswe.
Ungasheshi ukuphuza izithombo zekhukhamba ezisanda kutshalwa, kungenjalo i-stem yayo iyoba mncane, futhi uhlelo lwempande ngeke lukwazi ukuthuthukisa kahle. Ukuphuza okunye kufanele kwenziwe ngokumiswa kancane ngaphandle kwenhlabathi ngaphandle kokulibala. Ukushisa kwamanzi kule nqubo kufanele kube okungenani + 18 ° C.
Izitshalo ezifana ne-dill, broccoli, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, i-Peking iklabishi, i-ulethisi, i-radishes, i-beet, i-asparagus, isipinashi kanye anyanisi inomthelela omuhle kumakhukhamba ensimini futhi iheha izinyosi zokuvolisa okungcono "komakhelwane."Zonke izithelo ezidlulele ezifinyelele ku-5-7 cm ubude kufanele zisuswe ukuze amakhukhamba angaphezu kuka-10-18 akhule esitshalweni esisodwa. Ezimweni zokushisa, igumbi kumele lihlale livuliwe.
Kubalulekile! Umehluko phakathi kwezinkomba zokushisa phakathi nosuku nangobusuku lungagcinwa ngosizo lwama-accumulators okushisa okwenziwe ngokwakho, umthombo ongasebenza njengamabhodlela amanzi epulasitiki afakwe ku-greenhouse. Phakathi nosuku olushisayo, amanzi angaphakathi ayoshisa, futhi ebusuku unikeza ukushisa, okuba nomphumela omuhle ezitshalweni (ikakhulukazi abasha).Ukwandisa inqwaba ye-fruiting nokuthuthukisa impova ngokuheha abavolontiya ensimini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngenkathi izimbali zihluma, izitshalo zifafazwa ngesisombululo se-boric acid (cishe u-2 g) noshukela (100 g ngokwanele), kuhlanjululwa ku-1 litre lamanzi afudumele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafaka izimbiza zobusi emithini (1 indebe yamanzi kufanele isetshenziswe ithisipuni 1). Ukuze uvikele izinambuzane eziwusizo ngenxa yobuthi, ukuchithwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwensimu kufanele kususwe ngokuphelele.
Ukunamathela kule mithetho elula, ungafinyelela emasimini akho fruiting ozinzile futhi ocebile, futhi wonke amakhukhamba akhulile ngeke abe kuphela okuhlwabusayo, kodwa futhi awusizo.
