Izici zokulima nokuqamba kwegabisi elimnyama elimbala. Marigolds engapheli: ukutshala nokunakekela imbali

I-Marigolds noma i-Chernobrivtsy yisitshalo somndeni wakwa-Astrov. Indawo yasekuqaleni iMelika, evela e-Arizona kuya e-Argentina. Okungazenzisi ekukhiqizeni nasekunakekeleni.

Iningi likhule emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa lingagcinwa ebhaleni noma kwi-loggia. Okuvamile kakhulu yi-African marigold, i-French marigold ne-Mexican marigold.

Incazelo ye-Botanical nomlando

I-Marigolds iyisihlahla sama-straight, ama-branched stems, ama-20 - 120 cm aphakeme. Amaqabunga - kusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya ezimpandeni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ahlanjululwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, aphindwe kaningi ngezingqimba eziguquguqukayo. Ukubekwa kweleaf esiteshini kuyahambisana noma okunye.

Ama-inflorescences amabhasikithi avamile noma ama-terry ombala ophuzi, obomvu noma o-orange nge-aster efana nephunga elimnandi. Isikhathi sokumbali kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuze kube seqhwa. Uhlelo lwempande luyinkimbinkimbi.

Kunezinhlobo zonyaka futhi ezimilayo. Zisakaze lonke elaseYurophu nangemva kokuba zilethwa eMelika ngabanqobi baseSpain ekhulwini le-16. Ungafunda ngazo zonke izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo lapha.

Iziqephu noma cha?

Ukuzikhethela phakathi konyaka nesikhathi eside kuncike kuncike ekuhlosweni okuzoba khona ama-marigolds. Ukuhlala isikhathi eside okufanele ukutshala isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa, nokwanda endaweni okuzohlala kuyo izitshalo ngokuzimela. Ngaphandle kwalokho Njalo ngonyaka amahlathi e-marigold ayaqina futhi akhiqize izimbali ezinkulu nezinamakha.

Izitshalo zonyaka zidinga ukutshala minyaka yonke, kodwa kunamathuba amaningi okushintshwa kumklamo wezwe. Zingahlwanyelwa hhayi kuphela emakhabheni, kodwa nasezimpini zezimbali, izimbali, zihambise ngezimbiza lapho kuzodingeka khona umqondo wokulinganisa ubuhle. Kungenzeka yini ukuba sikhule le mbali enhle ekhaya ezindongeni, sibhale kule ngqungquthela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zabo ezintsha zivela kaningi kakhulu kunezinhlobo zesikhathi eside. Ngisho nje Ngokuqoqa imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene ezivotshwe phakathi kwazo, ungathola i-hybrid yakho entsha. Indlela yokuqoqa imbewu yama-marigolds, uzofunda kule ndaba.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo nezithombe

Ngezansi ungathola incazelo yokubonakala kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-marigold bese ubheka izithombe zabo.

Inqatshelwe noma isiFulentshi

Ivela eziqhingini zaseMexico. Igama livela ngenxa yokuthi ohlangothini lwazo luye lwalahlwa njalo. Khulisa izihlahla eziphansi kuze kube ngu-60 cm ubude, eziqukethe amahlumela aqondile namaqabunga amnyama ahlambulukile. Bloom kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba.

Izimbali ziphindwe kabili noma zibe ngamabili-6 cm ububanzi. Ukungafani nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi nokuzizwa kahle ngisho nasenhlabathini yomhlabathi. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukutshala ngaphambi kwegadidi kanye nama-slides alpine.

I-Fine Leaf noma i-Mexican

Khulisa izihlahla kuze kufike ku-50 cm kusukela ku-branching ukusuka kwesisekelo seziqu. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayingcosana, amancane futhi amancane. Izimbali zi-golden, orange, red, yellow, kuze kube ngu-2 cm ububanzi. Khula kahle ngisho nasemhlabathini ongcolisayo nasemigwaqeni. Amahlamvu ezinhlobo ezithile asetshenziselwa ukupheka.

Ilungile noma i-Afrika

Khulisa izihlahla eziphakeme eziphakeme ngamamitha angu-30 kuya ku-1. Izitshalo ziqondile, ziboshwe ngamaqabunga ama-serrate ahlukaniswe kuwo wonke ama-shades aluhlaza. Izimbali ezivela ephuzi elikhanyayo kuya ku-orange elimnyama, ububanzi obufinyelela ku-13 cm. Kuyafaneleka ngokukhula kokusika.

Yonke imininingwane mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zama-marigolds akhona, ungathola kulesi sihloko, futhi izithombe nezincazelo zezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zingatholakala lapha.

Ukubukeka kanye nezici

I-marigolds engapheli ikhula ezinhlangothini eziqhamukayo, ezakhiwe ngokuqondile, ezinama-branched neziqu Ukuphakama kuka-20 kuya ku-130 cm Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, amaqabunga ahlukaniswa ngokucophelela futhi ahlukaniswe phakathi kwe-shades.

I-Inflorescences iqukethe izimbali ezibulalayo. Ngokuya ngesimo sabo nenombolo, ngokuvamile bahlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• elula (equkethe imigqa engu-1 kuya kwangu-3 yamacembe emhlanga);
• semi-kabili (ekubunjweni kwabo okungaphezu kwesigamu somhlanga);
• terry (le mibala ingaphezu kwesigamu noma ihlanga).

Izimbali zingavezwa ngephuzi, i-orange, ilamula, imhlophe, i-variegated, umbala obomvu obomvu. Ngokusho ukuphakama okuphelele kwama-marigolds ehlathini kuhlukaniswe:

• I-Giant - engaphezu kuka-90 cm.
• Iphezulu - kufika ku-60 cm.
• I-Sredneroslye - kufika ku-50cm.
• I-stunted - kufika ku-40cm.
• Isisindo - kufika ku-20cm.

Ukufika: imithetho kanye namathiphu

Ukuze ama-marigolds akhule ngendlela evamile, kunconywa ukuba ulandele imithetho eminingi yokubatshala emhlabathini ovulekile.

1. Ukutshala izimbali kungcono ngendlela yezithombo, hhayi nje ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile.
2. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukulinda lapho kusungulwa isimo sezulu esishisayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nakuba lezi zitshalo zingesabi ukhilimu, kodwa kungcono ukuthuthukisa futhi kuzoqhakaza lapho utshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, lapho kufika ukushisa kwentwasahlobo ehlala njalo.
3. Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, izithombo zitshalwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ngezinhlobo eziphansi - 20 cm, ngezinhlobo zokuphakama okuphakathi - 30 cm, eziphezulu - 40 cm. Isitshalo ngasinye sitshalwe emgodini ohlukile.
4. Emva kokutshala, ziphuziswa kahle futhi zihambisana nombuso wokunisela okuningi kuze kube yilapho izithombo ziqinile.

Kubalulekile. Ukuphuza okuningi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni phambili kwama-marigolds. Uma engekho, izihlahla zikhula kancane, ngenani elincane lamahlumela, futhi izimbali ziyoba mncane kunalokho okufanele zibe khona.

Indlela yokuthola imifino yembali oyikhonzile, sibhale kule ngqikithi.

Uma isinqumo senziwe ukutshala ukuhlwanyela okulula, khona-ke kukhona izinketho ezimbili. Imbewu itshalwe ingaba yomile noma ingakafakwa emanzini afudumele izinsuku ezimbalwa. Yonke imininingwane mayelana nama-marigolds akhula evela kumbewu ingatholakala lapha.

1. Endaweni yokufika yenza ama-groove ama-5 cm ejulile futhi uwaphuculise.
2. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kude 5 cm kusuka komunye nomunye.
3. Imibhede egcwele igcwele umhlaba noma i-peat.
4. Emva kokuvela kweqabunga lamaqabunga weqiniso, amahlumela ahlehla phansi ahlanzeke. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele kube khona ibanga lika-20 cm phakathi kwezitshalo, 40 cm ngezinhlobo ezide.
5. Ngenkathi izitshalo zingapheli, zenza ukuphuza nokuphuza okuvamile.

Yonke imithetho yokufika kwe-marigolds oyothola kulesi sihloko, nokuthi ungayenza kanjani ekhaya nasensimini, funda lapha.

Ukukhanyisa

Ukuze ufike endaweni ulalele ukukhanya kwawo. Nakuba kuvunyelwe ukutshala ngomthunzi nesithunzi, kungcono ukutshala lezi zimbali ze-thermophilic ezindaweni ezihle kakhulu usuku lonke. Kulezi zindawo, amanzi akufanele aqhubeke, ngoba kungenjalo, izimbali ziqala ukubola ngezifo ze-fungal ezimpandeni.

Futhi, lapho ukhetha indawo, ukuphakama kwelanga elizayo kubalulekile. Ngokuvamile izinhlobo ezincane ezingaphansi komhlaba zakha imingcele yembali noma zitshalwe kuma-slides alpine. Izinhlobo ezisele zisetshenziselwa izinto eziphakathi kwemibhede noma zitshalwe ngemuva kombhede wembali.

Izidingo zomhlaba

Ngokuvamile, izitshalo azizithobeki ekucebeni nasebunzini bomhlabathi abakhulile kuwo. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, kunconywa ukuthi ubatshale emhlabathini ongekho ohlangothini loamy, ongu-pre-ocebile ngamaminerali kanye nokulandelela izakhi. Ukuze kube ne-oksijeni engcono, inikeza amanzi amanzi, isibonelo, ukufaka umquba.

Kubalulekile. Ungafaka umquba ngaphambi kwenhlabathi nganoma yikuphi inani eligcwele lemanyolo yezimbiwa, kodwa awukwazi ukusebenzisa umquba kulokhu.

Ukunakekela nokukhethwa kwendawo

Ngokukhetha okuhle kwesayithi lokuqala lokufika, ngokukhanyisa njalo, ukunakekelwa kwama-marigolds akulula, kepha kusadingeka kunakekelwe.

1. Ngenkathi yokukhula, badinga ukuchelela okuningi ngaphandle kokumisa inhlabathi. Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, imvamisa yokuphuza iyancipha futhi ihlolwe ukuze kungabikho umswakama omile emhlabathini.
2. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunikezwa kwe-oksijini ezitshalweni, inhlabathi ezungezile kanye naphakathi kwemigqa ikhululiwe njalo futhi ukhula luyakususwa.
3. Ukucubungula izimbali kukhishwa njalo futhi kusetshenzwa izihlahla ezijwayelekile. Kubuye kunconywe ukuthi ususe eziningi zamabhokisi ezithombo zembewu. Ukuze ukukhiqiza okuqhubekayo kulahlekelwe izingcezu ezimbalwa.
4. Bafaka umanyolo obunzima ngokuphindwe kathathu ngonyaka: uma befika ku-10 cm ukuphakama, ngesikhathi kudala amafihlethi futhi ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza. Kunconywa kabili ukuqhuba izimpande zokondla nge-fertilizer phosphate-potassium. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhatsi sekubunjwa kwetifihlekile nangemuva kwekucala kwemisindvo lekhulu. Mayelana nokuthi ungondla kanjani lesi sitshalo, funda lapha, nokuthi izimbali zibukeka kanjani nokuthi yiziphi imithetho zokunakekela lesi sitshalo ngesikhathi sezimbali futhi emva kwalokho, sitshele lapha.
5. Ukuze izitshalo ezide, izitshalo zifakiwe ukuze zingaphuli lapho kuqhutshwa umoya kanye nobukhulu bezimbali.
6. Lapho ama-frosts okuqala evela, izitshalo zimboza bese zihamba kuze kube entwasahlobo.

Ukunakwa. Ungasikhuthazi ukusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-nitrogenous fertilizer, ngenxa yokuthi zikhulisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kweziqu kanye nama-inflorescences.

Izifo ezivamile nezilokazane

• Grey ukubola eyakhiwe uma ihlobo livula kakhulu futhi libandayo, noma lapho lihlwanyela eduze komunye nomunye. Ibonakala ngezindawo ezimnyama ezinamahlumela namaqabunga. Lapho sekutholakala, isitshalo esithathelelekile sigubha futhi sichithwe.
• Umsuka wokubola ibonakala njengomphumela womswakama omile emhlabathini. Iphathwa nganoma iyiphi i-phytoncides yezitshalo.
• Slugs kanye nemisinki qala ukuhlasela izitshalo emswakeni ophezulu. Ukulwa nabo ngokuwaqoqa ngezandla zabo nokufaka iziqukathi ezivulekile nge-bleach eduze kwezitshalo.
• Isibungu se-spider kubonakala uma ihlobo lisawoti futhi lithela njalo. Ukubhubhisa i-anyanisi ye-anyanisi, i-red pepper yarrow. Khona-ke, njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, bahlanzwa ngamanzi alula noma kabili ngosuku.

Ungafunda mayelana nezifo nezinambuzane zezimbali lapha, futhi sibhala ngezindlela zokubhekana nezifo ezivame kakhulu nezinambuzane kule ndaba.

Ukuzala

I-marigolds engapheli iyakwazi ukwanda ngokuzihlwanyela, futhi uma kungenaso isidingo sokuvuna imbewu, khona-ke inani elithile lezinhlobo zembewu liye lashiywa esihlahleni. Esikhathini esizayo, bazozivula futhi imbewu izowela emhlabathini.

Indlela elula yokukhiqiza ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla somama. Isihlahla esivuliwe sivele sahlukana sibe izingxenye eziningana nezimpande neziqu. Bese batshalwe ngokwehlukana ngokwemithetho yokutshala.

Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi i-marigolds iyinhlangano enhle yabalimi abaqalayo kanye nabalimi abanolwazi nabaqambi bezwe.

Ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo nokungazethembi ekulimeni nasekunakekeleni, kwenza kube lula ukuhlobisa nabo bobabili i-flowerbed yasemadolobheni kanye nensimu yangaphambili yendlu yangasese noma i-cottage. Futhi abalimi bayothanda iqiniso lokuthi iphunga labo lizokwesaba izinambuzane eziyingozi emibhede yemifino.