Ikhukhamba "Nezhinsky" yavela okokuqala emzini Nezhin (Ukraine), ngakho igama layo. Sekuyisikhathi eside, kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo nokugcina isitoreji eside ku-brine. Namuhla, ngenxa yokubonakala kwenani elikhulu leminye imifino kanye nenzalo, kuyinto encane ekhohliwe, kodwa ize. Cabanga ukuthi kungani lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba kufanele zikhule kuyo yonke imibhede.
Ikhukhamba "Nezhinsky": incazelo ezihlukahlukene
Izimpawu zezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-ikhukhamba "Nezhinsky" owaziwa kubo bonke ochwepheshe balimi:
- Ngokuphathelene nokuvuthwa, kunalokho kuphakathi kwesikhathi sekwephuzile noma sekwephuzile, kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sokufika.
- Kuye ngezimo zezulu, isivuno siqala ukuvela izinsuku ezingu-50 emva kokuhluma.
- Inyama yesithelo ihlanzekile, ilukhuni futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibe mnandi.
- I-peel inomzimba omncane, i-bumpy ne-spikes amancane.
- Ukhukhamba ukhula ngamandla, ngezinye izikhathi ubude bemivimbo emifushane bufinyelela kumamitha amabili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lamahlumela lilinganiselwa emazweni amabili.
- Faka isicelo ngezithelo ezahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene, usebenzise okusha, ukuvutshelwa noma ukugaya.
Kubalulekile! Amakhukhamba e-Nizhyn anikezwe ukumelana nesomiso okwandisiwe, ngisho neziphazamiso ezincane ekunikezeni umswakama, i-fruiting yabo ayincishisiwe. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele kugcinwe ezweni elomile.
Izinhlobo ze-Pros and cons
Ukuthandwa kwekhukhamba "Nezhinsky" ngenxa yalokhu okulandelayo Ukubuyekeza okuhle:
- Ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
- Isethulo esihle nokuthutha.
- I-fruiting ende futhi eningi.
- Ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi.
- Ukubekezela kwesimiso esiphakeme nokuphikiswa kwezifo.
Indlela yokutshala imbewu yekhukhamba esiqhingini
Abasha abasha abaningi banesithakazelo sendlela yokutshala ukhukhamba ukuze uthole imiphumela ephezulu ekupheleni kwenkathi. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ngaphambi kokutshala ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwembewu yokuhluma nokwelashwa kwama-bacteria kanye nesibungulu esiyingozi.
Ukwenza lokhu, zifakwa emanzini ngokushisa kwama-25 ° C ngosuku, ngenkathi uketshezi kufanele ngezinye izikhathi kuguqulwe. Ekuphelelweni kwesikhathi, konke kukhonjiswe kwi-gauze, okuyi-pre-moist with water.
Emva kokunikeza izimo ezifanele zokuhluma: ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, umswakama. Ngemva kwesikhashana, imbewu izoqala ukukhafulela, futhi uzobona ukuthi yikuphi kuwo ongatshala, nokuthi yikuphi okungcono ukulahla ngokushesha.
Ukukhethwa kwesikhathi nendawo
Ukutshala ngokucophelela ukhukhamba emhlabathini ovulekile kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuphela kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lokuphuma, kubalulekile ukulungiselela kuqala indawo yokulala embhedeni.
Okukhethwa kukho konke ukumbumbulula umhlaba ngaphambi kokuya kwe-20 cm ngokususwa kwayo yonke ukhula. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izitshalo eziphezulu zingatholakala ngosizo lwemibhede efudumele, ezakhiwa ngokufaka umquba ophilayo ezikwindla. Omakhelwane abahle ngamakhukhamba - izithelo, ama-saladi asemacembe, i-pepper, ama-eggplant, kanye nama-radishes ne-dill.
Uyazi? Kuyaziwa ukuthi kusukela ngo-18 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, amakhokheni kuphela aNezhinsky ayesekelwa etafuleni lombuso waseRashiya. Izivakashi eziningi zakwamanye amazwe zashiya izincazelo ezithandekayo mayelana nalesi siphuzo.
Abanduleli abalungile nababi
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukuthi abandulela amakhukhamba bakhule emkhakheni ovulekile endaweni yokutshala esikhathini esizayo - inhlonipho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Ochwepheshe bathi amakhukhamba awakwazi ukutshala endaweni eyodwa engabi ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili elandelanayo. Abaqhamuka phambili - abotamatisi, iklabishi noma amazambane. Ngemuva kwezitshalo, kanye namavangelini, ama-zucchini noma amakhabe, ukutshala ukhukhamba akuthandeki.
Uhlelo oluhle lokuhlwanyela imbewu
I-standard yokutshala ukhukhamba i-50 × 30 cm. Ukujuliswa okuphakanyisiwe kungu-3.5 cm. Ukutshala, imibhede yenziwa lapho imigqa ijuliswa khona ububanzi buka-5 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa okungenani ngu-15 cm. Emva kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ihlanganiswa umhlaba, umhlaba wanisela.
Ukunakekela nokutshalwa ukhukhamba "Nezhinsky"
Amakhukhamba akhula endle adinga ukuhambisana nabanye Izimo eziphoqelekile:
- Ukuqothula wonke ukhula ngaphandle kokulimaza ukhukhamba ngokwabo.
- Ukukhishwa kwesimiso kwenhlabathi ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwe-crust.
- Amahlumela okukhula ngokushesha adingeka ukuthi athunyelwe ngendlela efanele, ahlanganisa ama-arcs noma izinti.
- Njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-10 ukufeza ukhukhamba wokudla.
- Lapho kuvuna, kubalulekile ukungaphazamisi iziqu.
Nciphisa indawo yokuhlala
Ezinsukwini zokuqala nangamaviki emva kokutshala, amazinga okushisa emini angase ahluke kakhulu kusukela kusihlwa. Uma kusihlwa kungabi ngaphezu kuka-15 ° C, kunconywa ukuba umboze ukhukhamba ukhukhamba nge-foil noma i-polyethylene.
Ukuphathwa okunjalo kuzovikela amahlumela emakhazeni. Ngokuvamile, lezi zindwangu zenziwe ngendlela yokushisa okuncane okwenziwe nge-arc. Lawa madivayisi angathengwa alungile noma enze ngokuzimela usebenzisa ama-arcs ne-agrofibre.
Ukuze uthole i-fruiting emihle, kubalulekile ukukhetha kahle ukhukhamba.
Ukunisela, ukukhulula nokukhuphuka kwezintaba
Ngenxa yobuningi bomuthi wempande, ukhukhamba yizitshalo ezinomsoco onothando. Ngokuvamile, ukuchelela kwenziwa njalo kwezinsuku ezimbili, ngesikhathi sokushisa kakhulu kakhulu kuvunyelwe ukwenza lokhu ngosuku.
Kungcono ukwandisa umhlaba ntambama ngosizo lokunisela ukuchelela. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi kuholela ekukhanyeni nasekukhanyeni kwamaqabunga, kanti okunye okukuyo kuyathinta kakhulu ukukhula kwemivimbo nemikhukhu ngokwayo. Kuwusizo ukukhulula inhlabathi kanye nezihlahla ezilula, lapho sezifinyelele ukuphakama okufunayo.
I-Hilling yenzelwa ukwakha izimpande ezintsha, ivikela yonke inqubo yezimpande ekushiseni okushisayo eshisayo. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngenhlabathi enomswakama ehlupha kalula. Uma kungenjalo, ungalimaza izitshalo.
Umanyolo
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokugcwele izinhlobo zekhukhamba "Nezhinsky" Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amakhomikhali e-organic and amaminerali. Abachwepheshe batusa izimpande ezihlukile nokugqoka ama-foliar. Ekuqaleni, kunconywa ukuthi ugeze umhlabathi nge-compost esemgangathweni.
Uma wenza humus isilinganiso 5 kg per square 1. M. Yenza ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu. Kuyisibopho sokutshala inhlabathi nge-phosphate noma umquba womanyolo. Ukubala kwenziwa kanje: 1 m 2300 g yomlotha, 150 g we-usawoti we-potassium no-100 g we-superphosphate.
Ukuphalaza nokuvikelwa ezinambuzane nezifo
Umsebenzi oyinhloko ekuhlaleni izinhlobo zekhukhamba "Nezhinsky" ukunciphisa umonakalo ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, akusilo ngokwanele ukunikeza ukukhanya okuhle nokushayela imibhede, ngezinye izikhathi kufanele uvule amathuluzi avikela izitshalo ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla zezinhlobo ze- "Nezhinsky" zinomthelela ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo kumsakazo we-cucumber mosaic, kanye nendawo yomnqumo.
Lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-powdery isikhutha zivela, kunconywa ukunyuswa kwe-mullein: 1 l yomkhiqizo kanye no-20 g we-urea zihlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-10. Yonke into ixutshwe, ihlungiwe futhi iphonswe ngemifino yenkinga ephumela.
Uma kutholakala i-anthracnose, okubangela amabala aphuzi kumaqabunga nezilonda kwizithelo, zonke ziphathwa nge-Topaz. Ukubola komsuka, okuthinta izihlahla ezindala, i-biologic ehlanzekile "i-Trichodermin".
Inambuzane enjalo njenge-aphid ihlanzekile usebenzisa iresiphi ethandwayo. Ukuze uyidale, thatha ukukhipha insipho nophuni lomuthi. Noma ulungise isisombululo se-25 g we-anyanisi oqoshiwe negalikhi, ebeka ama-5 amalitha amanzi.
Isixazululo esiphelele siphathwa izitshalo. Isibungu se-spider sisusa ijusi esitshalweni, esizophela ngenyanga sizoholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Ukuze ulwisane nalo, ingadi iphathwa ngesisombululo esekelwe kuseva nokunyuswa kwe-celandine.
Ukuvuna nokugcina isivuno sekhukhamba
Uma ukhukhamba zivuthwa, abantu abaningi banombuzo: "Ungakuqoqa kanjani futhi uwagcine ngokufanele?" Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayaqiniseka ukuthi ukuvunwa kungcono ukuqoqa ekuseni noma kusihlwa, lapho umsebenzi welanga uncane kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuthatha ngokushesha ukhukhamba emthunzini. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna okuphezulu, kunconywa ukuba ubambe iqoqo njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili - isimiso esinjalo sizokuvumela ukuba ungasichitha amandla esitshalo kumakhukhamba endala futhi sikunike ithuba lokukhula okusha.
Izithelo ezihlelwe ukuba zigcinwe esikhathini esizayo kufanele ziqoqwe ukuze phakathi kwalezi zenzo isikhathi esincane sidlule. Ukuze kugcinwe isitoreji, kubalulekile ukuthi i-peduncle ihlale ekhukheni ethathwe, futhi akufanele kube khona umonakalo kubo. Akunconywa ukuthi uwageze, njengoba ukuphathwa okunjalo kuzobhubhisa ifilimu yabo yokuvikela yemvelo.
Uyazi? Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi amahlathi enyakatho yeNdiya naseChina ahlala kwamakhukhamba. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalokhu kwemifino kwavela eminyakeni engu-5 000 edlule. Babedla futhi eRoma naseGreece.
Ukugcina isitoreji sesikhathi eside esitshalweni esisha udinga ukunamathela emithethweni elandelayo:
- Musa ukugoqa ngokuqinile kule ifilimu, izithelo zidinga umoya omusha.
- Ungalondolozi eduze nezinye izithelo nemifino eveza i-ethylene.
- Ungadala izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni.
- Nciphisa ukukhuphuka komswakama.
