Izakhamuzi zasehlobo kanye nabathandi bezitshalo zenziwa ukuthi zikhule ukhukhamba kanye neminye imifino ekhaya. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo zakho ziyohlala zikhona ngaphansi kweso elilindile futhi zijabulele isivuno esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nezitshalo ezikhulile zasekhaya zijwayele izifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ngokuningiliziwe ngezifo zamakhukhamba uma ukhulile efasiteleni kanye nezinkinga ezivela, futhi isithombe sizokwazisa isitha ngomuntu.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zezifo zamakhukhamba asekhaya
Nakuba zonke izifo ziphakama futhi zikhula ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, zinomthombo ofanayo. Ngenxa yokuthi amasiko akho akhula futhi ahlala isikhathi eside enhlabathini efanayo, kancane kancane ulahlekelwa yizindawo zakhe, ngisho naphezu kokudla okunengi. Futhi ezimweni ezinjalo kudala i-microclimate yayo. Lezi zici, kanye nezimbangela ezithile zezifo ezithile, zisiza ukuthi lezi zimbangela zivele ezikhungweni zakho.
Ungakwazi ukunambitha ukhukhamba okwenziwe ekhaya okwemnandi ngisho noma impahla ingenalo isakhiwo sezwe, noma i-dacha. Esimweni esinjalo, insindiso kuphela izoba izinhlobo zekhukhamba ebhodini. Yazi indlela yokukhukhamba ekhulayo ekhaya.
Izifo zezithombo kanye nokwelashwa kwazo
Izinkinga zokuqala ziphakama ngisho nalapho zikhula izithombo - cishe wonke umuntu ubhekene nalokhu. Kulesi sigaba kukhona incazelo yesifo se-ikhukhamba izithombo emafasiteleni kanye nokwelapha ngesithombe sezifo ngokwazo. Izinkinga ezivamile kakhulu ukuphuza nokwelula kwezithombo. Lezi zamuva zivela ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile noma ukukhanya okwanele. Izithombo kufanele zigcinwe endaweni epholile, ekushiseni okungekho ngaphezu kuka-22 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Ukushisa kuyadingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokupaka kanye nesithombo.Uma kunenkinga enjalo, vele unikeze izimo ezidingekile, isitshalo sakho sizovuselela ngokushesha "futhi siqhubeke nokulungisa.
I-yellowness yezithombo ivela ngezizathu eziningana. Uma ukhulile ezinkomeni, izimpande zinyene, azikho ukudla okunomsoco. Kulesi simo, vele uthaye izithombo.
Uma kunesikhala esanele, inkinga ingase ibe yinto yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen uma umanyolo ofana ne-Azogran noma i-Vermistim isetshenziswa. 
Esinye isizathu singase sibe yisikhathi eside kakhulu ezinkomeni noma kwezinye izitsha. Ukhukhamba kudingeka ukuba utshalwe endaweni engapheli ngesikhathi, kungenjalo ungawalimaza.
Uma isitshalo sakho sineziqabunga zembewu eluhlaza, lokhu kubonisa ukungabi nokukhanya. Vele ushintshe indawo futhi konke kuzoba kuhle.
Ngaphezu kwezifo ezinjalo ezilula, kunezitha ezimbi kakhulu. Phakathi kwezikhathi ezivame kakhulu kunezimpande zokubola, i-powdery isikhutha, i-fusarium wilt, ukushaywa indiva nokunye nokunye. Esinye sezifo ezinengqondo zekhukhamba ngumlenze omnyama.
Umlenze omnyama
Ngendlela, umlenze omnyama awuhlasela nje ukhukhamba kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izitshalo eziningi zensimu. Ukuhlasela ngokwayo kunemvelaphi yefungal. 
Uma phakathi nesikhathi sokubonakala kwe-cotyledon ushiya ukuthi izimpande zezithombo zakho ziqala ukuphuzi, isifo sesivele sishaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intamo impande ithola umbala obomvu futhi isihluthulelo ethile ivela kuwo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ingxenye engezansi yesiqu iba manzi futhi iba luhlaza obumnyama. Khona-ke izimpande zimnyama, zibola, futhi amaqabunga aphansi aphuzi futhi aphelile.
Ukwelashwa ngomlenze omnyama kwenzeka kanje. Ama-pathogens (isikhunta) angena esitshalweni ngokusebenzisa izinwele zezimpande noma ukuqubuka okuncane emagqumeni. Ziyakwazi ukuhlala enhlabathini, zidla kuphela izinsalela zezitshalo, ukuze ungaqapheli ukuqongelela kwazo emhlabathini. Imithombo yokugula engalindelekile ingaba imbewu, umanyolo kanye ne-peat.
Uyazi? Izwe lakithi lakhukhamba liyizintaba ze-Himalaya. Ngisho namanje bangatholakala lapho efomini lasendle.Izifo zesifo kungaba: ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo; ukwehla okubukhali emoyeni noma ekushiseni komhlabathi. Gxila ekuqalisweni kwe-12 ° C - lena iphuzu elingavumelekile.
Ekulweni nalesi sifo, into esemqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kwenhlabathi. Ukuze uthole i-prophylaxis, kungenzeka ukuthi ulungiselele inhlabathi ngokulungiselela "Isibabule sama-Colloidal" kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokutshala. Bala u-40 g ngamayitha angama-10 wamanzi.
Ungathatha futhi ingxube yeBordeaux: 100 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi. Ungasebenzisa esikhundleni semithi. Konke lokhu, izinga lokushisa elizungeze amakhukhamba akumele libe ngaphansi kwe-20 ° C, futhi amanzi angu-22 ° C. Ngaphandle kwefungi, izitshalo zensimu zivame ukuthelela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Enye yalezi yi-mosaic.
UMose
Ukuqaphela i-mosaic kulula kakhulu. Uma itshaya izithombo zakho, amahlamvu azoqala ukumbozwa amabala aphuzi kanye ne-curl. Leli gciwane ayithinti izithombo kuphela, kodwa kakade izitshalo ezidala. Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo, ama-stem cracks. Lesi sifo izithombo eziqeda kakhulu, lapho utshala umphumela omuhle awukwazi ukulinda. Isixazululo esihle kunazo zonke kungaba ukukhipha izithombo bese uzifaka esikhundleni sabanye. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ama-aphid noma ngezitshalo ezinegciwane kanye nokhula.
Kubalulekile! Igciwane lingasinda ezimpandeni phakathi nobusika.I-Mosaic kanye namakhukhamba iyathinta i-pepper, utamatisi, iklabishi nezinye izitshalo eziningi. Izifo azihlasela izithombo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezihlahla ezindala. Kodwa kukhona kakade "izinambuzane" ezidumile.
Izifo zabantu abadala abadala
Isizathu esiningi sezifo zezihlahla ezindala zamasiko ahlukene ukuhlukumeza nokutshala izithombo. Ngisho noma izithombo zakho ziphilile, imiphumela yezimo ezingafanele zingabonakalisa esikhathini esizayo ngesimo sezifo.
Uma izihlahla zakho zihlala ezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu, zingenawo umoya omusha, zihambisana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa noma zitshalwe kakhulu. - konke lokhu kungafaka izifo eziningana nezimpande. Kanye nezithombo, izitshalo ezindala zingahlasela ama-virus ahlukene kanye nesifungumunye, okunye okuyi-powdery isikhutha.
Idonsa likaMealy
Amazolo kaMealy kubhekwa njengesifo esivame kakhulu hhayi izitshalo zensimu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye eziningi. Kubonakala izifo ngendlela yamabala amhlophe emahlamvu. Lezi zinsuku zakhiwa ngenxa ye-mycelium ye-fungus. Izimo eziyinhloko zokubukeka kwe-fungus yi-humidity ephezulu kanye nokushisa okuphansi, cishe ngo-15 ° C. Kwanele ukubamba izitshalo zakho ezimweni ezinjalo izinsuku eziningana futhi lesi sifo sinikezwa zona. Abalimi bezithelo bayaqaphela ukuthi ngisho nokunakekelwa kahle, uma kwenzeka imvula ebanda kakhulu isikhathi eside, ukhukhamba ziqala ukugula.
Lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esishisa kakhulu, isikhunta siqala ukudlala okukhulu, lesi sifo sihlanganisa ngokuphelele ukhukhamba. Ukukhulula izihlahla zakho kunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke, sincoma ukuthi senze izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Akukhona nje ukuthi i-ukhunta ihlasela amakhukhamba, kodwa futhi amabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene.
Grey ukubola
Grey ukubola kalula kubonakala ngamanzi amabala obomvu nge touch of gray. Lesi sifo se-bacterial sithinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwenzeka lokhu siphinde sibe nomswakama ngokweqile namazinga okushisa aphansi ngekhukhamba. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, basengozini yokugula. 
Ukuvimbela isikhunta grey, qapha ngokucophelela izitshalo zakho. Izitshalo kufanele zibe ibanga elilingene komunye nomunye, futhi emibhedeni akufanele kube khona izinsalela zezitshalo - kungenxa yazo ukuthi umthombo wesifo ulele. Uma izitshalo zakho zithintekile kakade, ziphathwe nge-fungicide. Phakathi kwabo kukhona "i-Bayleton" ne-pasta "i-Rovral". Izindawo ezithintekile kumele zisuswe ngokushesha. Kodwa isifo esilandelayo sibonakala ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele futhi ihloselwe ikakhulukazi ezimpandeni.
Ukuvikela nokuphathwa kwezifo zekhukhamba, kusetshenziswe ama-fungicides alandelayo: "Hom", "Acrobat MC", "Shintshela", "Strobe", "I-Ordan".
Umsuka wokubola
I-Root rot ingaba nomlingiswa we-bacterial and fungal. Ukuqala kwalesi sifo kungase kube ngenxa yembewu eyaziwa ukuthi iyagula noma inhlabathi enezinambuzane. 
I-catalyst yegciwane iba inhlabathi eyomile futhi eshisayo noma inhlabathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde ukutheleleka ekutshoneni kwamahlamvu ngesikhathi sokushisa. Umsuka ubumnyama, uba mnyama futhi ubolile. Njengoba engasakwazi ukunikeza isihlahla nakho konke akudingayo, lesi sitshalo sihamba kancane kancane. Lapho uhlelo lwempande lufa ngokuphelele, ikhukhamba ifa emva kwayo. Amachashaza emaqabunga angabonisa enye ukubola.
Slerinia (ukubola okumhlophe)
Ukubola okumhlophe kuvela njengama-patches amhlophe amnyama kancane kancane. Zonke ezinye ukhukhamba zimbozwa ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe, ziba zimanzi futhi zilula. Okulandelayo inqubo yokubola.
Isizathu si-sclerotia. Bahlala emhlabathini futhi banda ngokushesha ezimweni zobuningi obuningi. Ukuze uphinde uvuselele izitshalo, susa izindawo ezigula futhi usebenze izigaba ezisele ngamalahle noma amalahle. Uma i-sclerotinia ishaya kakhulu amahlumela, khona-ke umane ususe ngokuphelele. Lesi sifo esilandelayo siyiphutha kakhulu. Ikhula ngaphakathi kwesitshalo futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba ibonakale. 
I-Perinosporosis
I-Perogosporoz ifaka emvelo futhi ingakhula kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela, futhi ibonakale ngokwayo kuphela ngokubonakala kwezithelo. Izifo zenzeka ngenxa yezimbewu ezithathelwanayo noma izitshalo ezitshalwe yi-mycelium ye-fungal.
Ungathola lesi sifo nguShrovetide emahlamvu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlangothi oluphambene lwamagqabi luzohlanganiswa ne-gray bloom. Uma amabala ekhula futhi ephazamisa, wona. I-fungus iyakwazi ukubhubhisa amahlathi akho ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. 
I-Medyanka noma i-anthranosis
I-Medyanka noma i-anthranosis iyaziwa ngenxa yezitshalo kuphela, kodwa nezithelo ngokwazo zigula. Ungayibona ezindaweni ezinsundu emaqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziba ngaphezulu futhi ziphenduka abamnyama. Khona-ke isakhiwo sakha futhi siphume, njengokungathi sishiswe ngento ethile. Amabala ezitsheni ezithintekile angahle afike ku-5 mm.
Uyazi? U-Napoleon ngokwakhe wathembisa ukuvuza umuntu othola indlela yokugcina amakhukhamba amasha ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwawo.Umthombo wesifo yizimbewu zezitshalo ezigulayo, izitshalo eziphezulu kanye nezithintekayo zezitshalo. Kuyinto engcono kakhulu ukuphulukisa izifo, kodwa ukuvimbela. Kulokhu udinga ukuhlanganyela njalo ekuvinjeni.
Yini okufanele uyenze ngokuvimbela?
Ukuze kuvikelwe izimpande zokubola, ungamane usebenzise imbewu ehlanzekile noma ekhethiwe ngamabomu. Inhlabathi ozoyihlwanyela kuyo, kumele ilungele futhi ingcoliswe.
Kusuka kwezidakamizwa ongasebenzisa i- "Fitosporin-M". Kufanelekile ukwelashwa nokuvimbela. Ukuze kuvikelwe i-peronosporaz qaphela imbewu. Kudingeka ukuthi ifakwe noma ifakwe. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa izinhlobo eziyaziwa ukuthi ziphikisana nayo.
Ezimweni zokutheleleka, i-spray isho ukuthi "Kuprostat" noma "MC". Uma unamathela kuzo zonke izindinganiso zokushisa, njalo ukhulule umhlabathi, ukhukhamba wakho uzokuvikela kakhulu izifo. Ekuvimbeleni izifo ze-fungal, kuyasiza ukuphambanisa ukumnika ama-marigolds.
Kubalulekile! Kusuka kubhaktheriya ukhukhamba yakho izogcina izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Phatha inhlabathi nembewu ngaphambi kokutshala. Bangaphathwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.Qinisekisa ukuthi ayikho ukhula, gwema izinambuzane ezingaba yiziphathamandla zezifo. Khumbula, ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha.
