Isigaba Isitshalo semifino

Intandokazi engavumeleki, eyathandana nabalimi abaningi, yi-pepper enhle ethi "Swallow", incazelo kanye nezici zokulima okuzoxoxwa ngazo ngokuqhubekayo. Izithelo zalo mifino zikhulu futhi zikhulu kakhulu, futhi zisezingeni elimnandi, okwenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisela ukuvuna kuphela, kepha futhi nokusetshenziswa ngendlela engokwemvelo.

Ukhukhamba utshalwa yonke indawo, futhi inkosikazi ngayinye inezintandokazi zakhe, onyaka ngamunye unendawo ehloniphekile ensimini. Ngokuvamile, enye "yezintandokazi" ensimini yikhikhamba "elimnandi" -kuyizinto ezihlukahlukene ezidumile ezifunwayo kusukela ngo-1971, ngakho-ke kulesi sihloko sizobheka izici zayo ezicacile nencazelo, sizocacisa ukuthi ngabe ziyizinhlobonhlobo noma hybrid, sizobe sigcizelele ukutshala nokunakekela ekhaya.

Ihlobo liyeza futhi kukhona nesifiso sokudla ukhukhamba - hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa usawoti. Kunezindlela zokupheka eziningi zokwenza lokhu kudla okuqabulayo. Ngezansi omunye wabo: okulula futhi okusheshayo. Imishini edingekayo nezitsha Ukuze uphumelele ngokucophelela ukhukhamba okononi ngokwale recipe, imishini yesimanje ayidingekile, ukulungiswa okusheshayo kuqinisekiswa ngamasu akhethekile nezitsha ezivamile.

Uma ngabe amakhowe kuphela ayeyokhula ehlathini! Kodwa cha-ziyizivakashi eziningi, ngesimo sokutheleleka, zivela emibhedeni yasensimu. I-Cladosporium fulvum Cooke - ngakho-ke okuthiwa yi-fungus ngokwesayensi, isusa amaqabunga amabala obuntshontshi omutamatisi okhulayo, ukwelashwa okuvela kulolu buhlungu, sihlose ukukutshela namhlanje.

Ukukhethwa kwekhukhamba yaseDutch sekuzibonakalise emhlabeni wonke isikhathi eside. Izakhamuzi zasehlobo eziningi kanye nabalimi bezwe lethu basebenzisa imbewu, ehlanganiswa ngqo nabalimi baseDutch. Amakhukhamba anjalo e-hybrid abhekwa yizivuno eziphakeme kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kwesithelo. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zezikhukhamba zaseDutch nezinzuzo zabo.

Uma kufika isikhathi sokutshala ukhukhamba, abaningi abazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhetha. Esihlokweni sethu sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi imbewu zamakhukhamba ezifanele ukutshala, bese ubhala izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ezivulekile. Hybrid noma ezihlukahlukene? Ngaphambi kokuba ubone ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu, udinga ukuchaza umqondo ngamunye.

Amakhukhamba aluhlaza akuyona umkhiqizo wangaphandle wabantu baseSlavic. Angabonakala cishe kuwo wonke amakhaya njenge-snack enkulu noma isithako esaladini. Kunezinhlobo zokupheka eziningi zokupheka, ngoba zibhekwa njengezidlo ezihlwabusayo kuphela, kodwa futhi ziyingxenye ewusizo yokudla. Zikulungele ukusebenzisa i-brine ku-ingilazi izimbiza nemiphongolo yamapulangwe.

Amakhukhamba athandwa ngabaningi, futhi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo: fresh, usawoti, okufakwe emanzini anosawoti - abakhona ngempela ekudleni komuntu. Inkinga yiyiphi yezinhlobo zokukhetha ukwanelisa izidingo zomuntu ngamunye. Abanye bathola isixazululo ekulimeni izinhlobo eziningana futhi ngokusobala bathola amabhonasi athile kuwo.

Uma ukhula utamatisi, ungavame ukubona ukuthi ubuna kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuphoqwa okunjalo kwenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-verticillus. Lesi esinye sezifo ezivame ukwedlula utamatisi. Incazelo yesifo nesithombe I-Verticillosis yisifo se-fungal plant esibonakala ngokuzumayo futhi sisakazeka ngokushesha.

Utamatisi yizitshalo ezithisa ukushisa, futhi uma ezindaweni ezifudumele zingatshalwa endaweni evulekile, ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esiphezulu, isixazululo esinjengokutshala utamatisi ekushiseni okushisa kufanelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakekela isivuno kanye nemithetho yokutshala ihlukahluka. Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ibanga eliphakathi kwamatamatisi, okuthi, lapho etshalwe endaweni evulekile, kanye nokukhula kwezimo zokushisa, kunezinkomba ezihlukile.

Ngezinye izikhathi, silinde isivuno sokuqala sotamatisi, asisheshe sithokoze, ngenxa yazo zonke izilwanyana zezithelo, ingxenye enhle ingase iphuke. Lokhu kubamba hhayi kuphela ukubonakala kwamatamatisi, kodwa futhi kubangelwa ukuthi akufanelekile ukuvuna. Ake sibone ukuthi kungani utamatisi uvuthwa uma sesivuthiwe nokuthi singakugwema kanjani.

Ukothula utamatisi ngezithombo kufaka isilinganiso esingcono sokusinda kanye nokuvunwa kunokuba uhlwanyele imbewu ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, njengoba kuboniswa iminyaka eminingi yokusebenza komsebenzi wabalimi abaningi. Noma kunjalo, le nqubo inenqwaba yezici nokuqaphela, okungeke kudingeke ukukhuluma ngokuningiliziwe.

Utamatisi okhulayo inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebuhlungu lapho isivuno sakho esizayo esixhomeke khona. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokutshala utamatisi: ukutshala ngqo emhlabathini nasemaphepheni angasese. Namuhla sibheka indlela yesibili. Yini edingekayo? Kuzodingeka sikhule izithombo ku-cochlea: substrate; iphepha lezindlu zangasese; imbewu; indawo; i-candust ye-sawdust; Isikhumba sezimpahla noma iphakheji.

Ukuthenga imbewu ye-tomato yezinhlobonhlobo ezivundisayo esitolo, abaningi sebefika esiphethweni sokuthi lokho okushiwo ephaketheni akuhambisani nokuyiqiniso. Labo abavela kuwo amahlumela abhekana nezilindelo, baqonde ukuthi abakwazi ukukwazi ukuthenga imbewu ebiza njalo ngonyaka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abalimi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi bangenza kanjani utamatisi imbewu kusuka utamatisi wabo, ngakho esikhathini esizayo ngeke baqagele "ezindaweni zokukhofi" futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ngokuqinisekile ukutshala kuzokhula.

Uma ufuna ukukhula isitshalo esinomsoco nesicebile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha inhlabathi efanele izitshalo. Esihlokweni sethu sizokutshela indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi yezithombo ngezandla zakho. Kufanele kube inhlabathi Uma uhlwanyela izithombo zamatamatisi, kufanele ukhethe inhlabathi ezoba yilezi: zivuthiwe. Kumele ibe nesilinganiso esidingekayo sezakhi; ukulinganisela.

Abantu abaningi abayithandi ijusi yetamatisi, kodwa ngeze. Lo mkhiqizo olula unamanani amaningi amavithamini amaqembu ahlukahlukene kanye nama-microelements ewusizo. I-pulp yamatamatisi ayithinteki kuphela uhlelo lokugaya, kepha nazo zonke izitho zomuntu. Kodwa ukuze uthole umkhiqizo ophezulu ngempela, kungcono ukulungisa ijusi yetamatisi ngezandla zakho ekhaya.

Utamatisi wokuvotela ekhaya kuyinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuncike ekutheni uthola okuningi kangakanani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulalela le nqubo uma ukhula utamatisi ku-greenhouse. Okunye inkolelo Impendulo yombuzo othi "ngubani ovotela izitshalo?" Kulula kakhulu: utamatisi ngokwawo akhiqiza impova kanye nezimbali ezinomakhelwane nazo.

Utamatisi kubhekwa njengenye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu ezitshalwe ekhaya. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvunwa okucebile, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uzothela kanjani utamatisi ngezimboni, esizoxoxa ngazo kulesi sihloko. Kuxhomeke kuphi? Abalimi abaningi baqondiswa ikhalenda yokutshala for utamatisi.

Isisekelo sesitshalo sesitamatisi esisha senziwa ekuqaleni kokulima kwabo, okwenza ukulungiselela imbewu ekhethekile. Abagadi bezolimo abanolwazi baqala ukubandakanya imbewu emuva ngoFebhuwari, banikeza izinqubo zabo ezikhethekile zokukhulisa ukuhluma kwezinhlumela kanye nombundu wokumelana nezifo, futhi, ekugcineni, ukuthola isivuno esikhulu.

Zingaki ubunzima umgadi wensimu adinga ukunqoba ukuze imifino emisha ivele edeskini yakhe! Phela, ukutshala utamatisi ku-greenhouse kudinga indlela efanele futhi ukhulule izinkinga eziningi. Kubalulekile ukulungisa kahle imbewu kanye nemibhede, ukukhipha amagciwane, ukukhulisa izithombo, bese uhlela uhlelo lokunakekelwa nokugcinwa kwemithombo yezitshalo.