Uma ngabe amakhowe kuphela ayeyokhula ehlathini! Kodwa cha-ziyizivakashi eziningi, ngesimo sokutheleleka, zivela emibhedeni yasensimu. I-Cladosporium fulvum Cooke - ngakho-ke okuthiwa yi-fungus ngokwesayensi, isusa amaqabunga amabala obuntshontshi omutamatisi okhulayo, ukwelashwa okuvela kulolu buhlungu, sihlose ukukutshela namhlanje.
Incazelo nokulimala
Igama elithi "indawo emnyama" (umqondo othi "klaosporioz" uvame kakhulu phakathi kochwepheshe) kubonisa ukuthi "ukubonakala" kwalesi sifo - amabala wombala ohambelana (kakade esigabeni esivuthiwe sesifo) amboze amaqabunga e-tomato.
Kodwa hhayi amahlamvu kuphela agula futhi afa. Amacala okuqotshwa kwamatamatisi e-cladosporia, ashiye ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, aholela ekufeni kwesitshalo sonke, futhi abanikazi kulokhu bahlala ngaphandle komkhiqizo okulindelekile.
Ukuze utamatisi otshalwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo noma ngaphansi kwefilimu yokushisa, ukusongelwa kwalesi sifo kungaphezu kokwangempela, futhi kudingeka ulungele ukwelapha utamatisi okhula ngale ndlela.
Isifo sihamba ngezigaba eziningana ekuthuthukiseni kwayo, okumele kukhulise ukuqapha kwabalimi - ukuqala ukulwa ngezibonakaliso zokuqala kusho ukunqoba ukugula, ukuvumela ukushintshela ezigabeni zokugcina - kusho ukulahlekelwa ekulwa nalo.
Uyazi? Ama-spores e-cladosporus atholakale ngaphezu kwekhilomitha yokujula kwe-oceanic, nge-amber kanye nasezinkuni ezisezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme - lokhu kungenye yezilwane zasendulo ezindala.
Izimbangela kanye ne-pathogen
Akuzona zonke izinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi eziphikisana ne-cladosporia - lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngezansi ngokuningiliziwe.
Isizathu sokuqala sezinhloso zokutheleleka kwalesi sifo kungokwemvelo kwezinhlobo zezintato eziningana.
Owesibini ungabizwa ngokuthi izimo zemvelo - Ama-pathogens bakhetha ukushisa (ngaphezu kuka -25 ° C) nomswakama (ngaphezu kwama-80%).
Isizathu sesithathu ukuguqulwa okukhudlwana kokutheleleka ezintweni ezithathelwanayo - lokhu kungenxa yezici eziphawulekayo zamagciwane.
Funda futhi mayelana nendlela yokususa i-Fusarium, isikhutha se-powdery, i-Alternaria, ukubola okuphezulu, ukulimaza utamatisi.
Futhi ziyahlukahluka nezinhlamvu ezijwayelekile ze-fungal. Lezi yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "conidia", lapho uCladosporium fulvum Cooke eveza khona. I-Conidia "izinhlayiya zothuli" ithathwa yizinto ezihamba phambili kakhulu emoyeni. 
Bahlala kuzo zonke izinto. Ngokuphatha imibhede ngamakhiza avamile engadini noma ngokuwaxosha e-hose evamile, ungase ungasoleki ngisho nokuthi usuke udlulisela ama-pathogens okutheleleka kwetamatato ezitshalweni ozithandayo.
Ngokweqile lalabo abathwali besifo kukhona izici:
- ikhono lokuphila ngaphandle kwesitshalo ngokwaso (bangaphila enhlabathini);
- ukumelana nesomiso nokushisa okushisa;
- isikhathi eside (kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-10).
Kubalulekile! Ukuncipha komswakama womoya ngaphansi kuka-70% kuyeka inqubo yesifo.
Izimpawu zokuqala kumatamatisi
Ngokushesha nje lapho indawo eluhlaza ithinta utamatisi wakho, udinga ukusebenzisa ngokushesha izinyathelo ezaziwayo zokulwa nazo.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-cladosporia kufanele zihlolwe ngenkathi ekhulayo kanye nokuqala kwezimbali. Ungabi nobuvilapha ngalesi sikhathi ukubheka izingxenye zangaphakathi zamaqabunga - lapho, lapho kwenzeka ukutheleleka, uvele, njengasekuqaleni kokubola, izindawo ezimpunga. 
Isibonakaliso sokuhlola uhlangothi oluphambene namagatsha (futhi kufanele) sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo (noma, okunye, okuphuzi) ukubhekwa eceleni.
Ukuze singabuyeli ekuchazeni okuqhubekayo kwezingqinamba zokuthuthukisa lesi sifo, ake sikhulume ngokushesha futhi ikakhulukazi izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- I-Kladosporiosis ifinyelela inani layo eliphakeme, lisakazeka phansi, lingabulali kuphela amaqabunga amancane kakhulu, kodwa futhi izingxenye zeziqu.
Ngaphandle, lokhu kubonakaliswa ekukhanyeni okuncane kancane kwamabala, futhi ngaphakathi kwesitshalo sesitshalo ukunikezwa izakhi kuzo zonke izindawo zayo futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezithelo eziboshiwe - kubonakala sengathi kuphelile futhi kuhambelana, kukhula buthakathaka futhi kukhula.
- Izindawo ezinombala ezimnyama zikhombisa isigaba sokugcina sesifo. Amaqabunga amile, aphanye, engxenyeni engezansi ahlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngokubola.
Funda ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nombala obomvu kuma-strawberries.
Ukwelapha
Kusukela lapho kuvela khona izimpawu zokuqala ezibuhlungu, i-kladosporiosis noma i-brown spotting ye-utamatisi iba yinto engathandeki kakhulu kuwe, okukuphoqa ukuba ufune futhi usebenzise izindlela zokwelapha ezidingekayo. Bona, endleleni, okuningi.
Amakhemikhali
Ingxenye ebalulekile yabasebenzisi bomhlaba ivela emadolobheni. Kusukela lapha ababuthakathaka babo abajwayele ukupheka ngeziphikazane nezifo ngezifo ze-jalimane - okukhethwa kukho kuhlinzekwa ngamalungiselelo amakhemikhali okungenzeka ukuthi angene endaweni ekhethekile.
Sikunikeza amathuluzi amabili athandwa kakhulu:
- Ama-fungicides "i-NeoTek" ne-"Bravo" enezinhlobonhlobo zesenzo esiqine kakhulu, ekwazi, ngendlela efakwe kakhulu, ashise amahlamvu.
Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuba ungaphambuki emiyalweni evela emiyalweni esemthethweni lapho uqhubeka nokulungiswa kwesisombululo sokusebenza.
Futhi ekuqedeni kokugcina ukutheleleka, ukwelashwa kwesibili kwe-fungicidal kufanele kwenziwe - amasonto amabili emva kokuqala.
- Isixazululo esiyinkimbinkimbi se polycarbacin (isipuni), ithusi le-sulfate (isamba esifanayo) kanye nesulfure yamakholomu (kathathu isipuni) ku-decaliter yamanzi.
Udinga ukuchithwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze kube nesiteji esiphezulu kakhulu sokubona indawo, enye insipho enoketshezi yengeziwe emithini.
Ngaphandle kokucubungula izithombo ngokwabo, ngokucophelela izingxenye eziphansi zamashidi, kunconywa ukuba nisela kancane inhlabathi ekubhujisweni kwezinhlamvu ze-fungal lapho.
Kubalulekile! I-Chemistry ingcono ukungayisebenzisi ngezigaba zokuqala zesifo, ingaba nethonya elibi ekubunjweni nasekuvuthweni kwe-ovary tomato. Qala ngezivivinyo zokuvimbela, ukususwa okubhaliwe kwamapheshana asolisayo futhi, uma ukutheleleka sekuvele kubonakala, ngezokwelapha zomuntu omnene.
Amalungiselelo eziphilayo
Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ikulungele ukulimala kwabo kubantu, izilwane nezinambuzane ezizuzisayo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-trichodermin ngokumelene ne-cladosporia ngokuqondile (iphumelela ngokumelene nezinye izifo ze-fungal).
Yilethe, okokuqala, ngqo emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo. Emva kwalokho kusebenza njalo ngenyanga, ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuphuzisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufipuliswa kwenziwa ngesisombululo (ngokusho kwemiyalo) yomuthi owuketshezi wamaqabunga e-utamatisi.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi i-trichodermin encibilikisiwe idla ngokushesha, inqubo kufanele iyenze ngesimo sezulu esibhakabhaka ukuze kugweme ukushisa okwedlulele kwe-greenhouse ngemisebe yelanga. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-biologics yokuvimbela. 
Amakhambi omphakathi
Ukusuka emvelweni kusho ukuthi sizokhetha amasondo ahlukaniswe ngamanzi (ilitha elilodwa ibhakede). Ukupompela okufanele kusebenza ngokumelene kokubili kwe-cladosporia kanye nezinye izifungi ezingathandeki.
Futhi iminye iminye imiyalelo emibili yokwenza amalungiselelo okudambisa imithi kuyodingeka:
- Ku-500 ml ubisi olufudumele (fresh) engeza amaconsi angu-15 e-iodine, ugubungele futhi uthele ama-5 amalitha amanzi afudumele (noma afudumele).
Okulandelayo kuyinkqubo evamile yokuphalaza ngokuphathwa ngokucophelela kwamaqabunga engxenyeni yawo engezansi.
- Izixazululo ze-manganese kanye ne-decoction yamapulangwe, okuyinto enconywa ukuba isetshenziswe ngokuhlukile (ngekhefu lamasonto onke), ngeke ibe nengozi ngokuphelele (kokubili isitshalo nomuntu).
Kulesi simo, ikhambi le-manganese eliqediwe kufanele libe pink, futhi umuthi ophuma emlothweni ulungiselelwa ngokubilisa u-0.3 kg wezinto ezinomthamo wamanzi amancane kanye nomzuzu ongama-20 ngomlilo ophansi, futhi kuphela ingxube ihlanjululwe ebhakedeni elilodwa elilodwa.
Izindlela Zokulima
Ukunciphisa i-kladosporioz ngokusebenzisa izindlela ze-agrotechnical kungaba yindlela enhle kunazo zonke-ukubhubhisa zonke izitshalo ezithathelwanayo. 
Ngakho-ke, amasu agrotechnical kulokhu kufanele abhekwe njengengxenye yokulawulwa okuhlanganisiwe kwalesi sifo, noma njengomphathi we-prophylactic kuphela.
Lokhu kungafaka:
- Ukubhujiswa (ukuvutha) kwamaqabunga anegciwane kanye nalo lonke isitshalo emva kokuvuna.
- Ukunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yokujikeleza kwezitshalo.
- Ukumemeza ngezikhathi ezithile kwe-greenhouse.
- Sparseness etshalwe amahlathi.
- Ukuthuthukisa ukuchelela ukuze ugweme amanzi.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuze kuvikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwebala elimnyama, okokuqala, izixazululo ezisetshenzisiwe kakade ze-potassium permanganate nezinkuni zokhuni.
Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela kwezitshalo kwenziwa futhi:
- i-oxychloride yethusi;
- I-Bordeaux liquid (isisombululo se-1%);
- izinto eziphilayo (Integral, Pseudobacterin 2, Fitosporin M).
Okokugcina, i-greenhouse ngokwayo, lapho utamatisi ikhule khona, akufanele kube yindawo yokutheleleka - izingxenye zayo zokhuni ziphathwa ngezindlela ezikhethekile kulokhu.Izinhlobo eziphikisayo
Ukwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo zezamatamatisi ezingamelana ne-cladosporia nazo zingabhekwa njengendlela ethile yokuvimbela.
Kunezinhlobo okungenani ezimbili ezinjalo. Ematamatisi awaziwa kakhulu, abaningi bafaka izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuthi "Our Masha F1" kuqala, ngoba, ngaphandle kokumelene nalesi sifo, kunezithelo ezinhle kakhulu.
Phakathi kokuqala nazo zibizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo:
- "Vezha", owafika kithi evela eBelarus (elahlekelwa kancane endaweni yokuqala ngobukhulu bezithelo).
- "Ukuzijabulisa" nge-tomate obomvana.
- "Space Star F1" - Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyifakela ngokungeziwe nge-prophylactic eyengeziwe ("i-Alirin-B" kanye / noma "i-Gamair" amalungiselelo).
- "Funtik" - kufana nayo "I-Evpator", qalisa, engumgogodla, ekucubunguleni, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa okusha.
Uyazi? Usosayensi waseSoviet N.I. UVavilov ubhekisele eNingizimu Melika njengezizinda zofuzo ezivela emhlotsheni wokuqala utamatisi.
Ama-specks avela emaphepheni ama-utamatisi izithombo kufanele abe yisiqondiso esenzweni, ikakhulukazi lesi sifo singelapheki. Ngomzamo omncane, isivuno esihle silindele wena.
