Ukukhethwa kwekhukhamba yaseDutch sekuzibonakalise emhlabeni wonke isikhathi eside. Izakhamuzi zasehlobo eziningi kanye nabalimi bezwe lethu basebenzisa imbewu, ehlanganiswa ngqo nabalimi baseDutch. Amakhukhamba anjalo e-hybrid abhekwa yizivuno eziphakeme kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kwesithelo. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zezikhukhamba zaseDutch nezinzuzo zabo.
Izici nezinzuzo
Izici eziyinhloko zenzalo yaseDutch ziphakeme kakhulu ukuhluma futhi zivumelaniswe emva kokufakelwa kabusha. Kulezi zici nama ukhukhamba aseDutch akakwazi ukuqhathaniswa nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo.
AmaDashi aqondisa ukukhiqizwa ekulungiseleleni imbewu enhle, okufaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukwelashwa okushisayo. Inqubo enjalo inzima imbewu futhi iyishintshe izimo zezulu ezingajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa okushisa kuvikela ukutshala okuvela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene ze-varietal.
- Ukushisa Ngalesi sigaba, imbewu iphathwa nge-pesticides, evumela ukuthi ivikeleke kunani elikhulu lezifo nezinambuzane. Izinqubo zokugqoka zaletha amaDutch ekupheleleni, ngakho-ke i-pesticides ayithinti neze ukunambitheka okukhulu kwesithelo.
- Ukulinganisa. Ukukhethwa kwembewu yobukhulu obufanayo, obunezinga eliphezulu lokuhluma. AmaDashi aphumelele kuleli bhizinisi, futhi anganikeli umthengi inqwaba yembewu, lapho 50% yokukhiqiza kuyoba umshado.
- Ukupakisha. Yakhelwe kusuka kuzinto ezivikelayo ezivimbela ukungena kwemoya nomswakama ngaphambi kokutshala.
Zonke izigaba ezingenhla zokukhiqiza zenzeka ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile kwe-robotic nokulawulwa komuntu, ngakho-ke, abalimi basekhaya nabalimi bavame ukwaneliseka ngomkhiqizo kanye nokunambitheka kwesithelo se-Dutch yokukhethwa.Uyazi? Ama-spikes ngamakhukhamba akhiwa ukuze asuse umswakama ongaphezu kwesithelo.Zonke izinhlobonhlobo nemifino yamakhukhamba, eyadalwa ensimini yoMbuso waseNetherlands, inezinzuzo ezimbalwa:
- ukwehla kungenziwa kokubili ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, futhi ngaphansi kwezulu elivulekile;
- ukumelana nazo zonke izifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane;
- izithelo ziyonke futhi zifanele ukudla okusemathinini, amasaladi amasha, njll;
- ukunambitheka okukhulu nokuntula ukunambitheka okubabayo esitshalweni;
- ukukhiqiza ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile kuphakeme kakhulu, ukhukhamba ifomu elifanele;
- kunezinhlobo zezinyosi ezivotela izinyosi ezingadingi impova.
Izinhlobo ezidumile
Kukhona inani elikhulu lekhukhamba ekuqaleni kwase Holland. Abanye bakhetha izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala, ezinye zivuthwa ngasekupheleni. Ngezansi sichaza ukhukhamba ezidumile kakhulu zaseDutch ezinemibandela ehlukene yokuvuthwa.
Ukukhula kokuqala
Amakhukhamba okuvuthiwe okuqala okukhethwa kweDutch:
- "Herman F1". Enye yezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu. Ihlukana nokuvuthwa kwe-ultrafast izithelo, ukuvikelwa ezifweni ezihlukahlukene kanye nezitshalo eziphakeme. Izithelo zebanga "Herman F1" oluhlaza, ifomu elifanele, ngaphandle kokufutheka, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke. Lesi sitshalo sakha izihlahla ezinamandla, kusuka ezinhlameni ezine kuya kwezingu-7 zingakhiwa kuzo zonke izigcawu. "Herman F1" impova ngaphandle kosizo lwezinyosi.
- "I-Meringue F1". Ukukhiqiza kweDucker okudala okuncane kakhulu kokuqala kokuvuna impova. Izithelo zizojabulisa ngokumnandi iziqu zakho zokunambitheka nephunga layo. Isisindo esijwayelekile samakhukhamba singama-80-100 g. "I-Meringue F1" ivikelwe kusuka ku-downy isikhutha, i-peronosporoza nezinye izifo. Izithelo ziyonke, intukuthelo ayizwa. Isihlahla siveza izithelo isikhathi eside. Ukondla ngokucophelela kusiza ukuthola izithelo ezinhle futhi ezihlwabusayo kuze kube sekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
- "I-Balcony". Bred by abalimi ngokukhethekile ukulima zasendlini. Ibanga lihlukile esikhathini sokuqala sokukhula, amaqabunga amaqabunga. I-Zelentsy inomlinganiso ophakathi, oblong-cylindrical ngendlela, ne-pubescence elula emhlophe. Izithelo zinomnandi omuhle kakhulu, intukuthelo ayikho ngokuphelele.
- I-F1 Alliance. Izithombo zokugcina ezinjalo ungakwazi ukuqoqa kakade ngosuku lwama-38-41. Ngokuba i-ovary emasimini idinga izinyosi ezincane. Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi, ukunambitheka okukhulu, isikhumba esincane nokuntula ukufutheka. Ihlathi lihluma ngokugcwele esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula. I-F1 Alliance ine-root system enkulu nezinhlamvu ezinkulu, ezivumela isitshalo ukuthi sithele izithelo ngisho nasezinsukwini ezishisa kakhulu. Ukuvuna kuvezwe yizimfanelo ezinhle zokuhweba nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene.
- "Atlantis F1". Izithelo zinephunga elikhethekile. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-greengrass singama-95 g, ubude - 11 cm. I-Atlantis F1 ayimelana ne-powdery isikhutha, igciwane lobuciko kanye ne-cladosporia. Izithelo ziyojabula nanoma yisiphi isitifiketi nge ukunambitheka kwabo obucayi futhi elimnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo zivikelekile ezimweni ezimbi zezulu futhi ziyakwazi ukubhekana nezinguquko ezinzima zezulu.
Kubalulekile! Imbewu yezinhlamvu zesiDashi ayikwazi ukudideka, njengoba ihluke ekhompheni ekhethekile, elandela ngokushesha ngemuva kwexabiso "F1".
- "Isivumelwano F1". Enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvuthwa zakukhukhamba zaseDutch. Izakhamuzi zasehlobo ziveza ukukhula okuhle kweZelentsov esikhathini eside. Izithelo ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu obukhulu (kuya ku-120 g) nokubheka okumnandi okunephunga okulula kakhulu. Ukuhlukahluka okungahambisani ne-peronosporoza nezinye izifo. "Isivumelwano F1" - sithuthwa kahle, sisebenzelana ngokuzithokozisa.
- "Pasadena F1". Izinhlobonhlobo zakudala ezivuthiwe zemifino ezivela ku-botanists ezivela eNetherlands, ezikwazi ukuthela izithelo izinsuku ezingu-40-60. It has a iphunga elimnandi kanye ukunambitheka okumnandi, iyakwazi ukuba impova ngaphandle iqhaza izinyosi. Ukuphikisana ne-powdery isikhutha, i-viral i-cucumber mosaic ne-cladosporia. Izithelo ziyi-cylindrical shape, ubukhulu obuphakathi, ne-pubescence encane. "I-Pasadena F1" inezinkomba ezinhle zomkhiqizo, ekuphekeni kusetshenziselwa izinhloso zomhlaba wonke.
Phakathi nonyaka
Ukutshala ukhukhamba okuvuthiwe phakathi nendawo kuhlala yonke indawo futhi cishe akufani nokulima ezinye izinhlobo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zamakhukhamba okukhethwa kweDutch ngezikhathi zokuvuthwa ezijwayelekile ziyi:
- "Nkosi F1". Isitshalo esinamandla nge-branching ejulile. Iklabishi eluhlaza iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enameva amancane amhlophe, 100-120 mm ubude. "INkosi F1" iyajabulisa zonke izithelo zesikhathi eside, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokudla okufanele, kuzoba kuhle kakhulu futhi kuyinambitha. I-pulp yamakhukhamba i-crispy, igcwele, ngaphandle kokufutheka, esetshenziselwa abapheka ukupheka izitsha ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobonhlobo ezingeni lezofuzo zivikelwe ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Ubunzima obusika "eNkosini F1" buhle, ngakho-ke bungatshalwa enhlabathini ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa indlela yokutshala.
- "UMarinda F1". Izithelo ziboshwe ngaphandle kokubandakanya izinyosi zokuvotela. Le hybrid, ngokunakekelwa kahle, iyakwazi ukuthela izithelo, futhi imifino yayo cishe ayiguquki. Isihlahla se-"Marinda F1" sakhiwa ngesisindo esiphakathi, hhayi esincane, kanti inqubo yokuvuna ilula kakhulu. Izithelo ziyi-tuberculate, nge-pubescence emhlophe, i-oval-cylindrical shape, usayizi ophakathi. Ukunambitha kuhle kakhulu, intukuthelo "isuswa" ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo. "I-Marinda F1" ayinamathekisthi ekomkheni, i-scab, i-cladosporia, i-powdery isikhutha, njll.
- "Regina F1". I-mid-season hybrid evela kubalimi baseDutch, bee-pollinated. Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi (70-90 g), ukuma kwe-oval-cylindrical, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunokwakheka okukhethekile kwekhukhamba. Ikhwalithi yokunambitha ihlala ezingeni eliphakeme uma isetshenziswe kokubili futhi okufakwe emathisini. Izinhlobonhlobo zivikelwe ezifweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokunakekelwa kahle kungathela izithelo isikhathi eside.
Uyazi? Emkhakheni waseRussia ukhukhamba utshalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVI.
- "Umlimi F1". Eyakhelwe ukulima endaweni evulekile (ezimweni ezinjalo, izithelo ziyoba kuhle, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimnandi). Ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo, livikelwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okuvumela ukuba uvune kuze kube sekuqaleni kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Izinhlobonhlobo zidinga izinyosi zokuvotela izinyosi, zivikelwe ku-cladosporia, powdery isikhutha, i-mosaic i-cucumber, njll. Isivuno sikhulu, izinga lezimpawu zokuhweba lihle kakhulu. Imifino e-Crisp, ilukhuni, i-cylindrical, iphakathi nendawo, iphunga elimnandi, ngaphandle kokufutheka, okusetshenziselwa izinto ezihlukahlukene.
- "Claudia F1". I-hybrid inikeza isivuno esihle, esiningi futhi esinokuthula. Yenzelwe ukulima jikelele (ukuqondisa ngqo nokutshala kabusha endaweni evulekile nevikelekile). Ama-ovary aphethwe impova nezinyosi. Inyama iyinkimbinkimbi, ayinayo i-voids, intukuthelo "ixoshwa" ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo, elimnandi, yingakho ukhukhamba lalezi zinhlobonhlobo zipheka yonke indawo ekuphekeni. "I-Claudia F1" ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo ivikelwe ezifweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuvuthwa kwesikhashana
Imbewu ikhukhamba yaseDutch ayikho eminingi, amanye awo ayengaziwa kubalimi kanye nezakhamuzi zasehlobo zezwe lethu. Sithole izinhlobo ezimbili ezidumile kakhulu zokukhula kwesikhathi seZelentsov:
- "U-Isid F1". Izithombo zokugcina ezidumile phakathi kwabahlali basehlobo nasebalimi bezwe lakithi. Bavuthwa isikhathi eside, kodwa badlula iningi lezinhlamvu ezichazwe ngenhla ngezici zokunambitha. "I-Isid F1" yenza ama-shrub ashisayo futhi avulekile, athele izithelo ngaphambi kokuqala kwamazinga okushisa okuqala. I-hybrid inyama enomnandi kakhulu futhi izonikeza isiphuzo kunoma yisiphi isidlo. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyi-genetically evikelekile emonakalweni yizinambuzane namabhaktheriya we-pathogenic kanye nama-virus.
Kubalulekile! Abalimi abaningi nabalimi bayaqiniseka ukuthi izinhlobo ze-Zelentsovo ezizenzekelayo ziyi-tastier kakhulu kunama-parthenocarpic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu ngaphakathi kulezi zithelo iqukethe amavithamini namaminerali amaningi kakhulu.
- "Julian F1". Abalimi baye bathandana nalezi zinhlobonhlobo ngoba izithelo zawo zingalala isikhathi eside emibhedeni futhi zingapheli (amaqabunga aluhlaza ahlala asinyene, angapheli futhi aphuzi). Izithelo ziyi-oval-cylindrical, ene-sweet cucumber flavour. I-Zelentsy "Juliana F1" izokujabulela nge-fruiting yabo ngaphambi kokuqala kwamazinga okushisa okuqala. Izinhlobonhlobo azithinti izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, kanti uma izihlahla zidla kahle futhi ziphelelwa yisikhathi, i-fruiting inganwetshwa ngamasonto angu-2-3.
Imithetho ekhulayo
Ukukhukhamba ikhukhamba elihle kakhulu akuyona elula, ngoba lokhu udinga ukulandela imithetho ethile futhi wazi izinkathi kanye nezimfihlo zale nqubo. Okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala imbewu. Izandulela phambili zamakhukhamba zizoba pepper yesiBulgaria, izaqathe, utamatisi, iklabishi, anyanisi. Esikhathini indawo ikhabe izitshalo ikhukhamba ezihlabayo akutshalwe, njengoba lezi zitshalo zithinteka izifo ezifanayo.
Ikhukhamba izithombo kufanele zitshalwe endaweni enelanga, engenamoya. Uma uhlwanyela emthunzini, izithelo ziyoba nenambitheka emibi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi igxile ekujuleni kwe-8-12 cm. Emva kwalokho, i-phosphate, i-potashi ne-fertilizer nitrogenous isetshenziswa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo (uma inhlabathi ingu-loamy). Ngokuvamile, ukutshala ukhukhamba kufanele ukhethe inhlabathi ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali nezinto eziphilayo. 
Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo kudingeka zitshalwe ngokushesha nje lapho inhlabathi ishisa kakhulu. Ukushisa kwezinga lokushisa kwansuku zonke kufanele kube okungenani +12 ° C. Uma ukufika kuphelile ekuqaleni, kuzomele uhlinzeke ikhava yefilimu. Izithombo zifakelwa kuphela lapho amaqabunga amabili ama-2-3 akha khona. Uma uzohlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke kudingeka badingeke, futhi ngemuva kokutshala kumele kuthululwe kakhulu. Izinto zembewu zijuliswe ngo-2-4 cm (kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwenhlabathi, imbewu iyancipha yi-2 cm kuphela enhlabathini enzima).
Uyazi? NgoJulayi 27 yi-International Day of Cucumber.Masinyane emva kokutshala, ikhukhamba elishisayo idinga ukondliwa kakhulu. Esikhathini sokuqala sokukhula, izitshalo zizodinga umquba we-nitrogenous, okwazi ukukhuthaza ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamaqabunga nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande. Uma ama-ovari wokuqala evela, amahlumela kufanele adliwe nge-potash kanye ne-phosphate fertilizer, njengoba azokhipha isimo esihle nesinambitheka esihle kwezithelo. Nge-feedings akudingeki ukuthi uyiqede. Yonke inkathi ekhulayo, ukhukhamba zondliwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3.
Ukuze i-cucumber plantation idinga ukunakekelwa kahle. Njalo ukhula phakathi kwemigqa, susa wonke ukhula oludlulele. Ngemuva kokuthi sihlume izihlahla, kunconywa ukuthi siphuze amanzi, siphumelele, nenhlabathi ukuba ihlanganiswe.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuchelela kuyindlela eyinhloko yokunakekela izitshalo. Ama-shrub angeke aphuze kancane, angashiya ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma anike izithelo ezibabayo. Izitshalo ezincane ziyanisela njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 uma kungabikho imvula yemvelo.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zamakhukhamba kufanele unake entwasahlobo, umunwe, iTaganay, uMncintiswano, uNevinsinsky, iZozuliu.Uma kwenzeka ukubonakala kwezifo noma izinambuzane, ukhukhamba kufanele ilashwe ngamalungiselelo okuzivikela ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba isivuno singase sinciphise kakhulu.
Kulesi sihloko sikutshele ngezinhlobo eziningi ezidumile zama-ukhukhamba aseDutch wezimiso zokuvuthwa ezahlukene, futhi manje ukukhetha kungokwakho. Uma ulandela ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokutshala nokunakekelwa, khona-ke noma iyiphi yalezi zinhlobo ezingenhla ngokuqinisekile iyokujabulela ngokuchichima kwezithelo zazo.
