Utamatisi kubhekwa njengenye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu ezitshalwe ekhaya. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvunwa okucebile, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uzothela kanjani utamatisi ngezimboni, esizoxoxa ngazo kulesi sihloko.
Kuxhomeke kuphi?
Abalimi abaningi baqondiswa ikhalenda yokutshala for utamatisi. Kodwa-ke, uma itshalwa futhi itshale utamatisi, kuncike ezintweni eziningana ezibalulekile.
Kusuka esifundeni nesimo sezulu
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utamatisi uzofika kanjani kuxhomeke esifundeni esithile kanye nezimo zayo zezulu. Ngokuvamile, kuwumkhuba ukuhlwanyela imbewu ka-tomato izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kosuku lokufika emhlabathini.
Uma ukuhlwanyela kwembewu kwenzeka ngaphambi kwenkathi edingekayo, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi imiphumela emibi ikulindele. Izithombo zezotamatisi ezithe xaxa aziqedi kahle, akuyona into engavamile uma iveza ama-ovarie, izimbali ngenxa yokuthi ayilondolozi kahle izinga lokushisa eliphansi.
Ayidlala indima nesifunda, kuphela uma utamatisi ekhulile ezimweni zokufakelwa.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabalimi kubonisa ukuthi isimo esibi kakhulu sezulu, ekuqaleni kunconywa ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo. Imithetho evamile yilezi: lapho umhlaba uqhuma kahle, futhi usongo selubuyela emuva, ungahlwanyela utamatisi. 
Uma isigamu sesibili sangoMeyi sifana nezimo ezinjalo esifundeni, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlume futhi uhlwanyele imbewu ngesikhathi esifanayo sikaMashi noma ekupheleni kwenyanga. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho isimo sezulu sithandekayo, isikhathi singashintshwa ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari.
Kusukela ebangeni
Isici esiyinhloko esithinta isikhathi nemibandela yokutshala utamatisi yizinto ezihlukahlukene, ngoba ngayinye yazo inesikhathi sayo sokuvuthwa. 
Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi uma ukutshala utamatisi akuthembeli kuphela ezinsukwini ezimakwe kwiphakethe. Umkhiqizi angagxila ezindinganisweni zase-Central Europe ezingalondolozi ukufaneleka kwesifunda esithile.
Uyazi? Okwamanje kwaziwa izinhlobo ezingu-10 000 zale mifino. Utamatisi omncane kunazo zonke ufinyelela ububanzi obungaphezu kuka-2 cm, kanti inkulu kunawo wonke inesisindo esingu-1.5 kg. Kukhona utamatisi ombala obomvu, ophuzi, obomvana nomnyama.Okulandelayo izincomo eziyinhloko zokuhlwanyela izithombo zezithombo:
| Utamatisi ezihlukahlukene | Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela |
| Utamatisi omude | Februwari 20 - Mashi 10 |
| Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala nephakathi nonyaka | NgoMashi 10 kuya ku-22 |
| Utamatisi we-cherry, izinhlobo ze-ultra zakuqala | Ngo-Ephreli 8, 9, 14 |
| Late uvuthwe utamatisi omkhulu | Iminyaka eyishumi kaFebhuwari |
Kungenzeka ukubala isikhathi sokuhlwanyela ngokuzimela, egxile esikhathini esikhulayo.
Ekuqaleni kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-utamatisi, inkathi ekhulayo ibonakala izinsuku ezingu-100, kodwa isikhathi esidingekayo sokuhluma kufanele senezwe esikhathini esibekiwe, esingaba ngesonto kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela.
Isikhathi sokusindiswa kwezimbewu senezelwa, okuyizinsuku ezintathu, ingxenye yonke iyinsuku ezingu-110. 
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwenza i-countdown ngendlela elandelanayo - izinsuku ezingu-110 kusukela ngosuku olulinganisiwe lokuvuna, bese uhlwanyela imbewu.
Kusukela kukhalenda yenyanga
Abalimi abaningi bahlwanyela imbewu ye-tomato izithombo kwikhalenda yenyanga, kodwa kubalulekile ukugxila ezintweni eziningana ezibalwe ngezansi.
Bheka ikhalenda yenyanga yamatamatisi ngo-2018.
- Izigaba zenyanga
Uma inyanga ikhuphuka ezitshalweni, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuya engxenyeni engenhla kusuka ezimpandeni kwenzeka. Izinto eziwusizo eziphezulu kakhulu zilotshwe enyangeni egcwele, lapho iphunga likhula ngokuphawulekayo, umbala uba ogcwele kakhulu, futhi izithelo - ezinamanzi.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwenyanga, okuhambisana nokuhamba kwemifino ehlangene, kuya ezimpandeni. Ukutshala utamatisi neminye imifino ekhula phezulu, kulokhu akukhuthazwa.
Izigaba akuzona kuphela izinto okufanele zikhokhelwe lapho zidweba ikhalenda yokutshala itamatisi, ngoba nge-satellite, izinkanyezi zendilinga yezinkanyezi zinomthelela kukho konke okukhulayo emhlabeni.
Izimpawu ezifana neCanscer, Scales and Taurus zibhekwa njengabalimi abavuthiwe. Ngenkathi inyanga idlula e-Aries, Leo noma Virgo, kunalokho, kungcono ukushiya imisebenzi ye-agrotechnical. 
Ukugxila ezigabeni zenyanga, ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezitshalo ekhalendeni yenyanga ngokusuka phakathi kuka-Mashi 2018 kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhamba kwesathelayithi ngokusebenzisa izinkanyezi zezinkanyezi ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha izinsuku ezinhle zokutshala utamatisi.
Ikhalenda 2018 lokutshala utamatisi kwizithombo 
Ukushisa noma umhlabathi ovulekile
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi okubalulekile akuyona nje umbuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlwanyela utamatisi, kodwa futhi lapho imbewu enhlobonhlobo iwela khona emhlabathini ovulekile noma izimo zokushisa.
Ekhaya, ukutshala utamatisi kuqala. Umehluko ngezikhathi ozimele uchazwa umehluko ezimweni zendawo evamile kusuka kokushisa.
Abanini bezandla ngaphakathi kweqembu eliphakathi le-Russian Federation balandela imithetho ejwayelekile:
- Iminyaka eyi-II-III ka-Mashi - utamatisi wokuqala wokutshala phansi ngaphansi kwesihenqo sefilimu;
- ekupheleni kuka-Mashi - utamatisi omude ngezindawo zokugcina izithombo;
- ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli - utamatisi wokuqala wokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile;
- I-II eyishumi ka-Ephreli - utamatisi okhulayo okwenziwe ngezithombo zokugcina izithombo.
Uyazi? I-100 g yamatamatisi ayinawo ama-kilocalories angaphezu kuka-22, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuthola isisindo kusuka kule mikhiqizo.
Indlela yokutshala imbewu
Ngempela ukuthola umphumela oyifunayo, kubalulekile ukuthi usondele ngokufanele ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Ukufeza umgomo, kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi bese ulandela uhlelo oluthile. 
Funda ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi ekukhuleni izithombo ze-tomato.
Imbewu nokulungiselela inhlabathi
Izimbewu ezithengiwe futhi ezikhulile ekhaya azikwazi nje "ukufaka isenzo", njengoba zidinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile, okuzokwenza ukwandise isivuno futhi uvikele imifino ezingozini ezingenzeka. Indlela efanayo ifaka enhlabathini lapho utamatisi ozotshalwa khona.
Abanini bezithelo basebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokulungiselela imbewu yokuhlwanyela, phakathi kwabo kuhamba, ukuhluma nokugqoka.
Umehluko obalulekile, uma ukholwa lo mkhuba, abakho. Ochwepheshe batusa ukukhetha imbewu eyaziwayo, ngoba bavame ukuhluleka.
Izinto ezithengiwe akudingeki ukuba zikhethwe ezigulwaneni, ngoba zithengiswa ifomu elenziwe ngomumo. Uma imbewu iqoqiwe kusayithi, lo mkhuba unengqondo. Utamatisi uvame ukuhlushwa yi-blackleg, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba uhlwanyele imbewu esisombululo se-potassium permanganate emakethe angu-3% ngaphambi kokutshala. Khona-ke imbewu ihlala lapho amahora angu-3-5 bese ihlanza emanzini ahlanzekile.
I-tomato yisithombo ayikhombisi ukufuna umhlaba, inqabile ukumelana nesomiso futhi ayikhethi. Iyakwazi ukukhuthazelela ngisho nokwanda kwama-asidi.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, utamatisi alumelana nokumelela kwe-substrate, uma kwenzeka ukuntuleka kwemifuno, amahlumela awafanele afe.
Kubalulekile! Izithombo zizokwazi ukukhula ngendlela engcono kakhulu enhlabathini ye-peat, futhi ungayithenga ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Kubalulekile ukuqapha ikhwalithi yenhlabathi ethengiwe, kumele ihlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo. Uma kungenjalo, akugcini nje ngokuchitha imali, kodwa nokufa kwezithombo. 
Uhlelo lokuhlwanyela
Uma utshala imbewu, kubalulekile ukucabangela indlela yokulungiselela. Ngokuyinhloko, uma nje kuhlanzwa kancane, kungcono ukungabcwaba.
Ngezimbewu, izimbobo ezikhethekile zenziwe ngokujula okungaphezu kuka-1-1.5 cm, ekugcineni kuvunyelwe ukuhambisa kancane umhlabathi ovela phezulu, ungasebenzisa isipirisi esivamile salokhu.
Uma inzalo isetshenziswe noma ihlwanyelwe ngaphambili, kungenzeka ukuyihlwanyela emigodini / imigoqo enama-1.5-2 cm.
Khona-ke kuyisifiso sokugcoba inhlabathi ngaphambi kokubeka imbewu lapho, ekupheleni kwenqubo yokuchelela ayidingekile. Ibanga phakathi kwembewu kulezi zimo akufanele lidlule u-2.5 cm.
Uyazi? Utamatisi aqukethe isilinganiso esikhulu se-serotonin, okuthiwa "ihomoni yenjabulo." Ngiyabonga, lezi zithelo zingathuthukisa imizwa.
Kuvunyelwe ukutshala izithombo emabhokisini angajulile, iziqukathi zomuntu ngamunye zizofanelana, ezifaka ipulasitiki, amakhadibhodi noma izinkomishi zamaphepha.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Ngaphambi kwesitshalo esincane, kubalulekile ukuba unakekele kahle, futhi inqubo ngokwayo iyenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Ngokunamathela ngokufanele ezincomo ukuthola isivuno esihle akulula.
Ukukhanyisa nokushisa
Abalimi abaningi bakhohlwa mayelana nokukhanya lapho bekhula utamatisi, kodwa lokhu akunakwenziwa. Emva kokuhluma izitshalo, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukugeleza okukhululekile kokukhanya okukhulu, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezinsukwini zokuqala, esimweni sezulu esibi, ungagcizelela utamatisi ngokwakho.
Kubalulekile! Ukuntuleka kokukhanya esikhathini sokuqala kuzokwenza ukuthi izitshalo zihlanyele futhi zingazinzile. Kuyoba nzima ukulungisa isimo esikhathini esizayo.
Amakhono anezihlumela uma uwabeka e-window sill noma e-balcony kufanele ajikelezwe ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuze izithombo zingabi "zodwa".
Ukushisa ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa utamatisi kufanele ngokuqinisekile kugcinwe ezingeni eliphansi kune +22 ° C phakathi nosuku, ngoba ukungabi khona kokushisa kunganciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo futhi kubangele izifo ezingenangqondo zefungal. 
Ukunisela nokudla
Ukuphuza izithombo kuyadingeka ngokucophelela, ukwenza kancane kancane. Ezigaba zokuqala, ithisipuni eyodwa yamanzi yanele ehlathini ngalinye.
Kubalulekile! Ukuphuza okuningi kunenye yeziphambeko ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi be-novice.
Ukusetshenziswa kokunisela kufanele kube ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kweqabunga lokuqala izithombo akudingeki ziphuze, kepha lokhu kuncike ezingeni lomhlabathi umswakama.
Uma umhlabathi uba omile kakhulu, kufanele ufafazwe. Ukunisela izithombo kungenziwa okungaphezu kwesonto ngesonto.
Shintshela ekunkeleni okusebenzayo, njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-3-4, kuvunyelwe uma ungabala amaqabunga amahlanu ezitshalweni ezincane.
Uma imbewu isetshenziswe engxenyeni yomhlabathi ethengwe esitolo esikhethekile, khona-ke kuvunyelwe ukungondli, kepha ngokuvamile ukudla okuphelele okubili kuyenziwa. 
Owokuqala wabo uhlelwe ezinsukwini ezingu-10, kuze kube yilapho lesibili kuzodingeka silinde amanye amasonto amabili. Kungenzeka ukuthi isebenzise kokubili isixazululo esilungiselelwe ngokuzimela, kanye nemifino eyinkimbinkimbi nge-microelements edingekayo ekukhuleni.
Khetha
Uma lesi sitshalo singabalwa emaqabini amabili, izithombo zigcwele ukuchelela, bese zihamba zilungele izinkomishi noma izimbiza. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganiswe nemifino kuze kube ngamacembe e-cotyledon.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokuthola ukuthi kufanele ukhethe kanjani utamatisi kahle emva kokuhluma.Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ukutshala kwetamatisi kumabhodlela, esele ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo yobisi oluvutshiwe. Isizathu ukuthi bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha amabhaktheriya e-lactic acid angabangela izifo zezimpande.
Ekupheleni kwenqubo yokufakelwa kabusha, izithombo zingathathwa endaweni enelanga, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, buyela lesi sitshalo emuva kwindwangu yefasitela. 
Ukufika ku-abamba ukushisa noma ukuqeda
Abalimi abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kusemini ukutshala izithombo zotamatisi. Ukutshala utamatisi ngesitshalo esimelana nesimiso esiqinile, futhi inqubo yenziwa ngesimo sezulu esibhakabhaka noma kusihlwa.
Kubalulekile ukuthi umhlabathi ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe ezingeni lezenzakalo ezimpandeni kunesikhathi sokufudumala kufika ku- + 10 ... +15 ° ะก. Uma isibalo singaphansi, izithombo ngeke zikwazi ukuhlala phansi.
Ngokutshala izithombo endaweni yokushisa, isikhathi esifanele sabizwa ngokuthi yingxenye kusukela ngoMeyi 1 kuya ku-15 wenyanga. Ngaphansi kwesembozo sefilimu, utamatisi afakwa ngoMeyi 20-31, esimweni sokuvuleka komhlaba, leli gama alikho ngaphambi kukaJune 10-20. Kudingekile ukuthi amaqhwa asevele ahlaziya ngomzuzu okhethiwe.
Isinyathelo esibalulekile ukulungiselela inhlabathi, eyenziwa ngezinyathelo eziningana:
- i-sanding;
- ukushaywa;
- i-disinfection;
- isingeniso semanyolo ephilayo kanye nezamaminerali.
Ngaphambi kokutshala emibhedeni yokukhipha, imibhede yenziwa, izimbobo zenziwa ebangeni elingaba ngu-35-45 cm ngokulandelana. Amahora owodwa nesigamu ngaphambi kokutshala ngokwawo, kubalulekile ukuyichitha kahle, lokhu kuzofaka isandla ekuqinisweni ukuthi ekufakeni kabusha umhlaba ongeke ube nesikhathi sokuhlakazeka, okwenza ukulimala izimpande.
Izithombo zifakwe emgodini, bese zifafazwa ngomhlabathi emaqabunga e-cotyledon. Khona-ke umhlabathi ucindezelekile futhi uphuziswa kahle.
Eduze, badonsa izikhonkwane kusuka ekuphakameni kwama-50 cm ukuze bahlanganise izitshalo emva kwamasonto amabili. Uma usebenzisa izithombo ezikhulile ngesikhathi, zitshala "zilele phansi"; isifaniselo singase sibe ngumngcwabo onamandla ngaphezu kokuvamile.
Uyazi? Ukwelashwa okushisayo akukwenyici, kodwa kuthuthukisa kuphela izimfanelo eziwusizo zika utamatisi. Umthamo we-lycopene kuwo ukwandisa ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu emva kokupheka kwemizuzu emibili.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala utamatisi ku-greenhouse akufani neze nalokho okusetshenziselwa ukukhipha igesi, kepha ukulawula izinga lokushisa kufanele futhi kwenziwe, ukuhlinzeka umoya wokuphuza umoya nokuqeda umswakama owedlulele. 
Inqubo yokutshala utamatisi kwizithombo yinde kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, kwezinye izigaba kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngemininingwane. Kodwa-ke, imizamo yomlimi wensimu ikhokha isivuno esihle kanye nezithelo ezihlwabusayo.
