Isigaba Isihlahla se-Apple

"Anis" yizinhlobonhlobo zakudala zama-apula anempepho, okuvuna okuvuthwa ngenkathi ekwindla. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelelwa izinhlobo eziningi ezifanayo. Sikunikeza ukuba ujwayele incazelo ye-botanical ye-apple tree "Anis", enezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene, kanye nezinkohliso zokukhula kwesihlahla. Izici nezici ezihlukile Iziqu ze-Anise zimelelwe umuthi omude, oqinile nomqhele owenziwe nge-cone, okwedlula iminyaka uthola uhlobo oluthile.

Abalimi abaningi bafuna ukubona ama-aphula athela izithelo njalo nezithelo zokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke ezingagcinwa ebusika. Lezi zimfanelo zinezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuzalanisa iSiberia "Isipho sabalimi." Umlando wokubeletha Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zavulwa edolobheni laseBarnaul ngo-1959 yi-Research Institute of Horticulture okuthiwa nguMandela Lisavenko.

Ama-apula - ukwelashwa kwangempela kunoma ubani othanda izithelo ezintsha nezithakazelisayo. Enye yezinhlobo zasebusika ezithokozisa izithelo ngesikhathi esibandayo yi-apula "Florina", esizoxoxa ngayo ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko. Umlando wokuzalanisa Ukuhlukahluka kwakhiwa eBrithani. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuwela kwezinye izinhlobo ezidumile: "UJonathan", "Rum Beauty", "Starking" ne "Golden Delicious".

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zama-apula, i-"Gala" i-apple-tree iphuma ngaphandle kokufaneleka kwayo. Ukudumile nokuqashelwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuhweba kwanqoba eYurophu, e-United States of America, eCanada naseBrazil. Ukuqaphela okunjalo izici ezinhle kwenza izihlahla ze-apula ze-Gala "ezihlukahlukene zizosetshenziselwa ukutshala izimboni.

I-apula-tree ehlukahlukene ethi "Cowberry" isuke iyintandokazi phakathi kwabalimi abaningi ngenxa yezinzuzo eziningana, ezivela kahle phakathi kwezinhlobo ezifanayo. Masifunde ndawonye ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga ezivela ezihlukahlukene ze-"Cranberry", ukuthi ungayitshala kanjani kahle, ungayigcina futhi usebenzise kanjani isivuno. Umlando wokukhethwa kwezihlahla ze-Apple wasungulwa eMoscow ngokusebenzisa imizamo ye-All-Russian Institute of Breeding and Technology ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwemifino ye-seedling engaziwa.

"Ukwaziswa" yizona ezihlukahlukene ezaziwa kahle ngama-apula asebusika, okuvamile ezindaweni eziningi. Kulesi sihloko sizohlinzeka incazelo yalezi apula ngezithombe, kanye nokucabangela izinzuzo nezinkinga zabo. Umlando wokuzalanisa "u-Idared" - ama-apula ahlukahlukene, aphethwe ngabalimi baseMelika ngo-1935 ngenxa yokuhlanjululwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezingaziwa kakhulu "uJonathan" no "Wagner".

Muva nje, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, izinhlobo eziningana ezaziwa futhi ezidumile ze-apula, njenge-Golden, Macintosh, i-Mantet, zivame ukungatholakali emashalofini ezimakethe nezitolo. Kodwa ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi, izinhlobo ezintsha, ezaziwa ngaphambili ezaqala ukuvela. Enye yalezi "Legend", okuyinto imithi encane engavamile, egcwele izithelo ezinhle obomvu ekwindla.

Ama-apula - izithelo ezithandayo kubantu abaningi, okukumangazi, banikezwa ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu ezweni lethu. Izakhamuzi zasehlobo kanye nabalimi bezobuchwepheshe bavame ukubheka izinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokutshala ngeziza zabo, kanti ukukhetha okukhethwa kukho okuyinhloko akubandakanyi nje kuphela izimfanelo ezithandekayo zezithelo, kodwa nezici zangaphandle ze-apula ngokwayo.

Kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba uma ubona umuthi omncane we-apula futhi usho lokhu okushoyo, isithi, isilwane sethu sezilwane. Kodwa konke kuzocaca ngokushesha uma kubonakala ukuthi sikhuluma ngegama le-apple ethandwayo "i-Veteran". Sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-30, izinhlobo ze-apula zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziye zathandwa ngabalimi abaningi, kokubili emapulazini angasese nasemasimini amabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo.

Ukugoma kuyisenzo esiphuthumayo futhi esinomsebenzi onzima, kodwa sisindisa isikhathi sokutshala umuthi omusha. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuziphatha kahle kwalolu daba, futhi sifunde indlela yokunakekela umuthi ohlanganisiwe. Imigomo nemigomo yokubamba iqhaza Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-grafting kwenziwa: ukuvuselelwa kwezinkuni zakudala; ukulondolozwa kwezimfanelo ezihlukahlukene; ukusheshisa ukutshalwa kwezihlahla; ukwandisa ukumelana kwezihlobo ezintsha ngenxa yesitoko esidala.

Abathandi abaningi be-apula bajwayelene kahle nezithelo ezinkulu ezibomvu ezibonakala ezimakethe zemakethe ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Bellefle-Kitaika", futhi ummeleli ogqamile wezinhlobonhlobo ze-dessert. Naphezu kwayo engaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka yomlando, "i-Bellefle-Chinese" isalokhu idumile phakathi kwabalimi.

Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi izithombo ze-apula ezikhulile kusukela etsheni zingase zinganiki umphumela olindelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bangalinywa, basebenzise njenge-stock. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka indlela yokutshala ngayo isithombo sembewu ngokwakho nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani. Ukukhethwa kwembewu Ukuhluma, kutuswa ukuba kuthathe imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo ezingenakuzithoba ekunakekeleni kwazo, ukulwa nezifo nezimo zezulu zezulu.