Abalimi abaningi bafuna ukubona ama-aphula athela izithelo njalo nezithelo zokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke ezingagcinwa ebusika. Lezi zimfanelo zinezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuzalanisa iSiberia "Isipho sabalimi."
Umlando wokuzala
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zavulwa edolobheni laseBarnaul ngo-1959 yi-Research Institute of Horticulture okuthiwa i-Lisavenko MA. lapho ewela ekwindla okungafani nokuphakama okuphezulu okunikezelayo "i-Laletino" nezinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo zaseCanada "Melba", ephethe izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu.
Umphumela wukuhlukahluka kwe-autumn okuhloswe ngokushesha, okumelene ne-frost nezinye izifo, futhi kunama-apula amanga amanga.
Abadali bezinhlobonhlobo "Isipho kubalimi" baba L.Yu. Zhebrovskaya, I.P. Kalinina, T.F. Kornienko, N.I. I-Dorokhina, G.V. Chupin. Kutholakele kakhulu ezindaweni zasentshonalanga eSiberia nase-Altai, kodwa zanda ngempumelelo kwezinye izindawo eziningi.
Izici eziphilayo
Ngokusho kwencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, izinzuzo ze-apula "Isipho ku-Gardener" kungcono kakhulu kunempilo, ukumelana nobusika, ukuphikiswa kohlobo lwesikhumba kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kanye nekhwalithi yama-apula. 
Izinkinga zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zibandakanya ukubekezelelana okuncane emkhakheni, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, nge-frosts enzima kakhulu, lesi sihlahla singakwazi ukubola.
Incazelo yomuthi kanye nama-pollinator best
Lena umuthi ophakathi nendawo, ukuphakama kwawo okungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu. Yakha umqhele owubukhulu obukhulu obuvame ukwenziwa ngamagatsha abomvu okuvuthiwe okuncane okukhula kancane okunama-annuli amaningi, izithelo nomkhonto wokwakheka kwezithelo.
I-Winter-hardy nayo inezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula: "I-pearture yaseMoscow", "i-Cinnamon striped", "inselo yesiliva", "i-Antey", "i-Medunitsa", "i-Orlov" ne "Ural bulk".Amahlumela akhula kahle anesilinganiso sobukhulu, umbala obomvu, unomphetho omncane kanye nomumo ohlangene we-saw cut. Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe ne-spike encane ekugcineni, ama-petioles amade nama-lanceolate stipules. Banezinga elilinganiselwe, umbala ompunga futhi ibutho elingabonakali elivela phansi kweshidi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula "Isipho kumgadi wensimu" sizakhela futhi lokhu kungenye inzuzo. Akudingi izidakamizwa zokutshala izidakamizwa, zizibonakalisa kahle ekutshaleni okukodwa. 
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo zamancane amancane zivuthwa ekupheleni kuka-Septhemba, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke. Okusho ukuthi, hamba ukwakhiwa, isoso, ukomisa nokugcina. Zingagcinwa izinyanga ezine.
Ama-apula alezi zinhlobonhlobo anesayizi obuphakathi, isisindo sawo singama-gramu angu-60-100. Izithelo ezinamapulangwe, ezinamafutha alula, zinekhanda elibhebhezelayo lomsindo ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi elimbozwe izibungu ezibomvu. Lokhu kuthinta okubomvu kunika ama-apula ukubukeka okubukhali.
Ngaphakathi, banamhlophe, benomzimba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, owenziwe kahle, obuncane. Izithelo ezibomvu zinephunga elimnandi futhi kunambitheka okumnandi okumuncu. Ngokwesilinganiso esiphundu se-5-point, ukunambitheka kwezinto ezinhlobonhlobo "Isipho ku-Gardener" kulinganiselwa phakathi kuka-4.5 no-4.8.
Okuqukethwe ushukela wama-apula kungu-13.3%. Ukwengeza ushukela, amagremu angu-100 we-pulp aqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:
- Ama-Pectin - 5.30%;
- I-acid titrate - 1.22%;
- Izinto ezisebenza nge-P - 300 mg;
- Ama-Tannins - 60 mg;
- I-Vitamin C - 25 mg.
Ukuthela
Lokhu kuyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yokuvumela. Isivuno sokuqala esihlahleni se-apula singavuna ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine, cishe phakathi kukaSeptemba, kodwa lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinikeza inani eliphezulu lezithelo (ama-kilogram angu-30 emthini) hhayi ngaphambi konyaka wesithupha emva kokutshala.
Kumapulazi ama-horticultural, inani lokukhiqiza lingama-125 aphakathi kwehektha ngalinye. Nge-agrotechnics efanele, isivuno sizinzile, ngonyaka ngenxa yokuzimela ngokwakho kanye nokumelana nobusika kwezinhlobonhlobo.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo uma uthenga
Ngokuvamile, izithombo ze-apula zitshalwe emhlabathini entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kungcono ukuzithenga ngaphambi kweviki ngaphambi kokufika. Kunconywa ukuthenga ezitolo zasendaweni noma ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifanayo.
Lapho ukhetha isitsha, gxila kulokhu okulandelayo:
- kungcono ukhethe izithombo ezincane (iminyaka emibili noma emibili) - zihluma kalula;
- uhlelo lwempande kufanele lubukeke lukhulile ngokwanele, izimpande ziphilile, ngaphandle kokubola nokukhula;
- ungathengi izitshalo ezibukeka zilukhuni, zomile, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi zinezici ze-substrate noma i-groundy lump;
- i-crust kumele ibe bushelelezi futhi ingabi nomonakalo;
- Kunconywa ukuthenga isithombo ngemifino engekho ebuthweni. Izithombo ezikhishwe ama-buds azisekho ukutshala.
Izithombo ezintsha ezithengwa ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele zifakwe emanzini amahora amaningana.Indlela yokutshala i-apula ngesiqephu
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezingenakuzithoba zinamakhono avuselelayo aphezulu, kodwa kufanele itshalwe kahle.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Imithi yase-apula encane ingahlwanyelwa emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngoMashi-Ephreli) noma phakathi kwekwindla (Okthoba), kuye ngokuthi isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu.
Uyazi? Indaba ye "apula zegolide", ehlinzeka labo ababadlayo futhi badla, intsha engunaphakade, itholakala ezindabeni cishe cishe zonke izizwe zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu.Abalimi bezitshalo bavame ukutshala izihlahla ekuwa, njengoba lokhu kushiya isikhathi esiningi sokujwayela nokulungiswa kwenkathi ekhulayo, kanti entwasahlobo kunenkinga enkulu. Kunconywa ukutshala izihlahla entwasahlobo kuphela ezindaweni ezisekwindla eyomile nebandayo.
Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwesayithi
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Kungcono ukukhetha indawo enelanga ngaphandle kwemidwebo lapho izihlahla zingazange zikhule khona ngaphambili noma umhlabathi uhlale unyaka owodwa noma emibili ngemva kokuqothulwa futhi kutholakale. 
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola indawo enjalo, khona-ke inhlabathi ishintshe ngokuphelele emgodini wokutshala. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele ahlale eduze kwamamitha angu-1-1.5, kungenjalo kuzodingeka ukuthi enze umquba wokuvimbela ukubola kwezimpande.
Uma kunemithambeka ezindaweni eziseNingizimu kanye nobusika obufudumele nemifudumele eshisayo, udinga ukutshala ama-apula emthambekeni osenyakatho, nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho ngamaqhwa amaqhwa namahlobo apholile, ukhethe izinhlangothi eziseningizimu. Izihlahla ze-Apple azithandi umhlabathi womhlabathi noma inhlabathi ene-rubble, bakhetha u-loam.
Kubalulekile! Ngokomqulu we-Horticultural Society yase-Ukraine, izihlahla ze-srednerosly zitshalwe amamitha amabili ukusuka embhedeni, izihlahla ezide - amamitha amathathu, ama-shrub - imitha eyodwa.Izitshalo zokutshala zingakabanjwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-1-4 ngaphambi kokuthengwa kwezithombo, kanti isendlalelo esiphezulu siphonswa kude. Bamba imbobo ngamamitha amabili ububanzi futhi ububanzi buka-60-80 cm.
Umgodi wokutshala uzonikeza umuthi ngezakhi zomzimba eminyakeni ezayo, ngakho-ke ungqimba oluvundile lwehlabathi olusuka emgodini olubiwe luxubene nama-humus, peat noma umquba, umquba. 
Ukutshala kunconywa ukuthi kulungiselelwe izithasiselo ezivela kumanyolo namaminerali amaminerali (superphosphate). Uma leyo ndawo ingumhlabathi wobumba, ukuxuba kwenhlabathi kuhlanganiswe nesihlabathi. Lapho unesihlabathi - yakha ungqimba lokugcina umswakama obumba.
Inqubo kanye nohlelo
Ibanga eliphakathi kweziqu zezihlahla eziphakathi kufanele libe ngamamitha amathathu kuya kwangu-4. Uma umuthi we-apula ensimini ungomunye, ezinye izihlahla noma izihlahla akufanele zikhule zingaphezu kwamamitha amathathu noma amane.
Uma ufika emgodini cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zokujula kwawo, ingxube yomhlabathi ihlanganiswe nokuhlanganiswa komlotha (250 ml) kanye nama-200-300 amagremu we-superphosphate. Imbewu ene-peg yokutshala igcinwa ngokucophelela emgodini, izimpande ziqondiswa kahle futhi ukuxubana kwenhlabathi kudonswa ekoleni lokumpande.
Uyazi? AmaCelts abiza ipharadesi u-Avalon, okusho ukuthi "izwe lama-apula."I-sapling iboshelwe isikhonkwane esilungisiwe. I-Condense, yakha isiyingi esiseduzane, amanzi, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi intamo isuka ku-5-6 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Umgodi ozungeza umuthi uhambelana cishe no-5 cm ngezinto ezifanele (ama-humus, peat, utshani, amaqabunga, izintonga, njll).
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ekuqaleni insimu encane idinga ukuphuziswa kahle. Eminyakeni elandelayo, ukunakekela i-apula kuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi nokuphuza ngesikhathi esifanele, ukugqoka okudingekayo, ukwelashwa ngokumelene nezilokazane nezifo, ukwakheka komqhele nokuvikelwa kusuka efrijini namagundane.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Izithombo ezincane ziphuziswa ngenkathi inhlabathi iyoma emgodini ozungeze isihlahla sama-apula. Izihlahla eziningi ezivuthiwe ziyanisela kusuka entwasahlobo kuze kube seqhwa kuqala.
Isikhathi sokuphuza esivamile:
- izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokukhahlela;
- lapho i-ovary ngokweqile ixhaswa;
- ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa kwesithelo;
- ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga.
Kubalulekile! Inani lamanzi lokunisela lithembele esikhathini sobuhlahla. Ngomuthi we-apula iminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila, 4-5 amabhakede amanzi awanele, kepha esesihlahla esivele sithole imifino, izinga lokunisela lingama-7-10 amabhakede.
Inhlabathi yombuthano we-okolostvolnogo kufanele ihlale ihlanganiswe - iyoyivikela ekupheleleni, ivumele ukuthi igcine umswakama, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yezwe futhi iqede ukukhula.
Ngako-ke, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ekugubungeni okujulile eduze kwesiqu, udinga ukubeka ungqimba lwe-mulch. Akufanele isetshenziswe njenge-mulch ngaphansi kwe-apple tree lapnik, i-sawdust, ama-shavings kanye namagxolo ezihlahla ze-coniferous, njengoba zingashintsha i-acidity yenhlabathi.
Utshani phakathi kwemigqa ehlwanyelwe noma etshala inhlanganisela yamakhambi alandelayo:
- imfucuza fescue;
- insimu utshani;
- i-red fescue;
- i-ryegrass yokudla.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukukhiqizwa kwanoma imuphi umuthi wezithelo kuxhomeke ekufakweni okusetshenziswe ngaphansi kwalo. Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izitshalo ezincane zifaka umanyolo wokuqala nge-mullein ukumnika, kanti ngo-May-Juni zondla ama-foliar kusuka kumanyolo obunzima.
Ekuqaleni kwezimbali, ibhakede lama-fertilizer eziphilayo (umquba noma i-humus) lilethwa ngaphansi komuthi wesipuli futhi umhlaba uhambelana. 
Ezinkathini ezalandela, kanye nomnikelo wasentwasahlobo wezinto eziphilayo, benza i-autumn yokugqoka nama-fertilizer wamaminerali e-phosphorus-potassium futhi athule umlotha.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngesikhathi ugoba ekwindla, ama-gramu angu-30 we-potassium sulphate ne-superphosphate kabili, ingilazi yomlotha yenziwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukuba uhileleke ekondleni ama-apula ngamanyolo we-nitrogen, njengoba ukwedlula ngokweqile kunciphisa ukumelana kwezihlahla ku-frost futhi kunciphisa impilo yesheluli yesithelo.Ama-apula abancane eminyakeni engenawo fruiting enza ukondla okubili, ukufafaza nge-urea (35 amagremu ngalinye ibhakede lamanzi ayi-10 litre). Le ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokusila kanye nenyanga.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nesikhumba, kodwa ngezikhathi zemvula zingase zithinteke yi-powdery isikhutha. Kukhona ithuba lokushiswa kwebhaktheriya elingelapheki, khona-ke umuthi we-apula ogulayo uzodinga ukuxoshwa futhi ushiswe.
Izinambuzane ezinambuzane zingabangela nokulimala okukhulu kwezitshalo. Umuthi we-apula ungathinteka yi-fungus ne-tinder, okumele ilahlwe ngokushesha uma itholakala esihlahleni (ukusika nokumboza isilonda nge-sulphate yethusi kanye ne-pitch pitch). 
Ukwelashwa okuyisikhathi esifanele kuzosindisa umuthi ezifweni eziningi nezinambuzane. Ngokuvamile kunezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- ukwenza izingubo ezidingekayo;
- ukwakheka komqhele okulungile;
- sishaye i-sulphate eyomvu neyethusi.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Uma unakekela isithelo sesithelo se-apula, okusebenza njengamagatsha okusika izihlahla kanye nokwakheka komqhele kuyadingeka. Lezi zitshalo zisebenza ekufakeni i-fruiting zakuqala zezihlahla ze-apula, ukwandisa isivuno, ukwandisa esikhathini sokuphila futhi unikeze isivikelo esengeziwe emakhazeni. Ukudubula kwenziwe entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.
Isikhathi sokuqala sokusika siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngonyaka emva kokutshala imbewu enhlabathini. Amagatsha amancane anqunywe nge-secateur, futhi anama-thicker ane-saw. Ukunqunywa kwamagatsha kungasetshenziswa nge-sulphate, bese kutholakala ukwelashwa okhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-pitch pitch. Kulesi simo, amagatsha amadala aqhutshwa yi-bar ngokushesha, kanti intsha - ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwe-sapling encane, izihlahla ze-apula zifinyeza ukudubula okuyinhloko, lesi sihlahla asikhenwa iminyaka eyodwa kuya kwemibili, kuphela amahlumela asomile aphukile.
Umuthi we-apula ukhula futhi amagatsha amaningi avela kuso, ahlukaniswe cishe ngambili kokuthathu kulo lonke ubude. Amafihlethi emagatsheni asele akufanele aphendukele umqhele.
Kukhona amagatsha, lapho amaqabunga ahlala khona ngaphandle, kanti lawo angaphakathi ngaphakathi komqhele asuswe, njengoba awenza. Ngentwasahlobo, amagatsha aqhwabhile ebusika, amahlumela aphethwe yizifo futhi aphukile aqoshiwe, umqhele uphelelwa ukuphuma okukhulu kwelanga nomoya.
Ukudubula kwenziwa ekwindla kusukela ngo-September kuya kuNovemba ngaphambi kokuqala kwama-frosts abanzi. Izitshalo ezincane zithenga kancane phezu kwamahlumela ehlobo. Izihlahla ezingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala, ukusika izihluthulelo zesigamu ngesithathu.
Uma i-apula inokunyuka okuncane, idinga ukusika izihlahla ezinzulu. Ukwehla kwe-autumn kuhlanganisa ukususwa kwehlumela elomile, elibuthakathaka, elincomekile elikhulayo ngaphakathi komqhele, kanye namagatsha avela emgqeni noma egatsheni eliyinhloko e-angle enzima kakhulu. 
Ngosizo lokusika izihlahla zamapula ukwakheka komqhele we-apula. Ngokwehlukahluka okuphakathi "Isipho kubalimi", uhlelo oluvame kakhulu lokusika izihlahla - okuncane kakhulu oluthile lufanelekile. Esigodini se-apula sishiya amagatsha amathathu noma amane ama-squelette, afane nesimo se-tier.
Ngaphansi kwesiqephu esingezansi, akushiwo amahlumela amabili ebangeni elingama-40 kuya ku-60 cm komunye nomunye. Uma lesi sihlahla singakhuli, khona-ke isihloko saso sizonqunywa cishe ngamamitha ayi-0.5. Ngalesi sakhiwo, umqhele wamagatsha uhlelwe ngamathanga futhi umqhele ufana nesimo semvelo se-apula.
Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza
Izihlahla ze-Apple zinconywa ukuba zivikeleke ku-frost, lapho kubanda khona -10 ° C. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi isihlahla esivikelekile singavuka ngesikhathi sebusika nokukhululwa, okungaholela ekufeni kwayo efrijini elilandelayo.
Funda ukuthi ungaphila umuthi we-apula ebusika kusuka ku-frost namagundane.Izihlahla zomuthi ze-Apple zingagubungulwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuqapha: i-agrofibre, ukuphahlazeka kuvezwe, ifilimu ekhethekile, umhlanga, amagatsha ase-spruce. Ukuvikelwa okunjalo ngeke futhi kuvumele amagundane esihlahleni, ngoba ebusika i-apula ingonakaliswa kakhulu ngamagundane, amagundane, nezinhlamvu.
Umbuthano we-Pristvolny ebusika yikhava elihle ne-layer encane ye-mulch. Uma inani elanele leqhwa liwela, udinga ukulihambisa ngaphansi kwesihlahla futhi uphinde uthule ukuze i-apula ihlale ihlanganiswa nayo.Izithombo ezincane zingagcwalwa ngokuphelele ngeqhwa. Uma ifudumala, ungasheshi ukuvula isiqu, ngoba ama-frost aqinile angabuyela entwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile! Akudingekile ukuvikela izithombo ze-apula kusuka emaqanda ezindaweni eziseningizimu, njengoba lokhu kungavusa isikhathi esivuthiwe somuthi ngesikhathi esingenasici futhi kubangele ukufa kwayo.Ungasheshi ukuxosha isihlahla esiqhwaqwe. Uma i-apula isilondolozile izimpande namagatsha aphansi, khona-ke umuntu angakha umqhele efomini ye-stannale futhi avune isivuno ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, i-trunk yamagundane igoqwe ngenetha elikhethekile.
Ngokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-apple ezingenakuzithoba "Isipho kubalimi", kulabo abalimi bezithelo bayothola isivuno esihle sama-apula, esilondolozwe isikhathi eside. Phela, ama-apula akuzona izithelo ezivamile zokupheka, kodwa futhi nomthombo we-antioxidants, i-vitamin C, i-A, iron, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-sodium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, njalonjalo. 
Uyazi? Abacwaningi eYunivesithi yaseCornell e-United States babonisa ukuthi ikhono lokukhishwa kwe-apula livimbela amaseli omdlavuza. Umphumela onamandla utholakale kuphela kukhishwe i-cranberry kuphela. Lesi sithelo akulona amavithamini amaningi, kodwa liqukethe inani elikhulu lama-antioxidants, angabhubhi ngesikhathi sokugcina. Zivikela umzimba wethu emdlalweni, izifo zenhliziyo kanye nokuguga.
