Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi izithombo ze-apula ezikhulile kusukela etsheni zingase zinganiki umphumela olindelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bangalinywa, basebenzise njenge-stock. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka indlela yokutshala ngayo isithombo sembewu ngokwakho nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani.
Ukukhethwa kwembewu
Ukuze kuhlume, kunconywa ukuba kuthathe imbewu yezinhlobo ezingenakuzithoba ekunakekeleni kwazo, ukulwa nezifo kanye nezimo zezulu ezibuhlungu. Akuyona iqiniso lokuthi izithombo zizuza njengezici zazo, kepha kukhona ithuba. 
Izinto zokutshala kufanele zibe ngaphandle ngaphandle kokulimala, ngokudweba ngendlela efanayo, hhayi okuqoshiwe, okunamandla, okugcwele kugcwele. Amapulangwe kufanele athathwe isithelo esivuthiwe, ngisho nangcono kakhulu.
Uyazi? EGreece lasendulo, i-apula yayibhekwa njengezithelo ezingcwele ze-Apollo, ngendlela, inguqulo yesiNgisi yegama elithi "apple", eyakhelwe egameni lkulunkulu onelanga.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Imbewu idinga ukulungiswa kahle, ngoba ngokwabo ayilumi. Ukulungiselela kwenzeka ezinyathelweni eziningana.
Ukugeza
Le nto ifakwe emanzini afudumele futhi ivuselele imizuzu eminingana, khona-ke amanzi asheshwa ngesihlungo esihle.
Le nqubo iyadingeka ukuze ususe uhlobo oluthile lwesilonda esivikelayo - i-inhibitor evikela imbewu ekuhlumeni okungakafiki. 
Soak
Inqubo yesibili ekuhloswe ngayo ukuhlanza inzalo ihamba. Kwaphela izinsuku ezine, amathambo asele emanzini, endaweni efudumele. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zokungena kwengeza ukukhula okukhuthazayo.
Hlola izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zezihlahla ze-apula: i-Bellefle Chinese, i-Older, iLigender, i-Triumph, i-Cowberry, i-Gala, i-Florin, isipho kubalimi, i-Anis, i-Golden Delicious , "Solntsedar", "Jonagold", "Arkadik", "Wonderful", "Jung", "Starkrimson", "Ola" no-"Idared".
I-Stratification
Isigaba sokugcina sokulungiselela imbewu ngenxa yezimo zemvelo zasebusika yi-stratification. Lezi zinto zifakwe esitsheni esincane, efafazwe nesihlabathi, senziwe senziwe nge-carbon powder, siswakanyiswe kahle. I-container ibeke isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezintathu emnyango wesiqandisini noma ebhokisini lemifino.
Ividiyo: ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuhlunga imbewu
Ukuhlwanyela
Ngaphansi kwebhokisi ubeka amanzi (amatshe amancane), inhlabathi efanelekayo yokuhluma - chernozem okunomsoco. Ithemba ngalinye lijule ngamasentimitha owodwa nesigamu emhlabathini, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo lifinyelela kumamentimitha amabili nengxenye. Ukuthungatha umhlabathi, kungcono ukukhipha, ukuze ungadli inhlabathi.
Lapho kukhona amaqabunga amabili amaqabunga, izithombo zihlola futhi zisuse izinto ezibuthakathaka futhi zibe nezibonakaliso ezicacile ze "zasendle": amahlamvu agqamile futhi nokuba khona kwamameva.
Ividiyo: indlela yokuguqula imbewu emhlabathini
Kubalulekile! Unyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ubusika bokuqala, ukusafisa kufanele kuqondiswe noma endlini noma emgwaqweni ku-greenhouse. Kufanele ivikelwe emakhazeni aze aqina.
Ukutshala izithombo
Emithini evulekile yokutshala umhlaba utshalwe kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ukuze indawo engapheli iqoqe indawo, ivuleke elangeni, kodwa ivaliwe ku-drafts. Akunconywa ukubeka emthunzini wemithi yabantu abadala. Indawo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele okungenani ibe ngamamitha amabili ukusuka phezulu.
Umthombo wokutshala ulungiselelwe amasonto amaningana ngobukhulu be-50x50x70 cm (inani lokugcina liyajula). Uma inhlabathi isayithi isindayo, uhlaka oluhle lwamanzi lubekwa phansi emgodini. Ukweseka umuthi omncane uzodinga ukusekelwa ngendlela yegogo. 
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala izithombo ze-apula emhlabathini. Khona-ke, inhlabathi yensimu ehlanganiswe nomanyolo (peat 20 kg, 200 g wezinkuni umlotha, i-sulfuric potassium ne-superphosphate) ithululelwa emgodini, yenza i-hillock phezulu, ukushayela isikhonkwane esilungiselelwe ukwesekwa.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, isitsha sesitshalo sisatshalaliswa ezimpandeni zawo egodini lombumba, lifafazwe ngenhlabathi futhi liboshelwe ukwesekwa. Lokhu kulandelwa amabhakede amaningi, ayisihlanu emthini, ukuchelela.
Kubalulekile! Qaphela, i-collar yezimpande, ngemuva kokuba umhlaba uchithekile, kufanele ube ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ukukhuphuka komswakama kuzokugcina umqubuzelo embuthanweni, futhi ngesonto kuzothatha enye ukuchelela.
Ukunakekela
Ukunakekela imbewu yembewu kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, kuyindlela efana nemithi emikhulu.
Ukunisela
Ngonyaka wokuqala, ukuphuza kuyenziwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi, ukuthululela amabhakede amathathu amanzi ngaphansi komuthi owodwa. Ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe kuye kwaba kathathu, inani lamanzi lenyuke libe amabhakede amahlanu. Izihlahla ezindala ziphuziswa kabili noma kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye, zigxile emvula. 
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Izitshalo zatshalwe ngesikhathi sokutshala, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukondle i-apple tree ngonyaka wokuqala. Udaba oluthile oluthile olunjengezinyosi, alufisi izitshalo ezincane, lungashisa izimpande. Ukwakha ubukhulu obuluhlaza eminyakeni yokuqala, ungasebenzisa ukumnika kwama-humus.
Ekupheleni kwe-fertilizer i-potash phosphate fertilizer isetshenziswa ngamanani amancane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba bekhula, badla izikhathi ezintathu noma ezine ngezikhathi ezithile:
- emva ebusika ngemifino (nitric);
- ngesikhathi sezimbali (potash-phosphorus),
- ngesikhathi se-fruiting (potash-phosphorus).
Ukudubula
Ngemuva kokutshala, ukudubula okuphambene kuncishiswe ama-2 kuya ku-3 efihlekile ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagatsha ase-lateral. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinwele zenziwa njengoba kudingeka.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwindla kanye nokwehliswa kwentwasahlobo, futhi funda indlela yokulungisa kahle izihlahla ze-apula endala.
Sanitary
Le nqubo ihilela ukususwa kwawo wonke amagatsha omile, aqhekekile, abonakalisiwe noma amaqhwa phakathi nobusika.
Ukufometha
Inqubo inikeza isihlahla isimo esifanele, sakha i-skeleton futhi iyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo. Lapha amahlumela amancane aphikisana ne-shoot central, amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele futhi ngaleyo ndlela agxilise. 
Ukuvuselela
Ukususa amagatsha angakhulumi kahle, ahlangene aqala ukwehla aphezu kwesiqu. Bakha umqhele bese bekhipha amagatsha, lapho kukhona khona amahlumela ambalwa aqinile. Susa amahlumela endala, engekho umgijimi ngenxa yamagatsha amancane. 
Uyazi? Isihlahla sama-apula endala emhlabeni wonke satshalwa e-United States ngo-1647, isihlahla sisaletha isivuno.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Izitshalo zezithelo ziyisinkwa esiphundu sezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, ngaphezu kwalokho, zingathinteka yizifo ezibangelwa i-fungal and viral. Ngenhlanhla, ungavimbela ukuvela kwalabo kanye nabanye, ungabhekana nesibetho ngokusiza kwezidakamizwa zanamuhla nezindlela ezithandwayo.
Izifo
Phakathi kwezifo zezihlahla zama-apula kukhona okulandelayo:
- isikhumba (kuthinta cishe zonke izingxenye zomuthi, amabala amnyama amnyama avela). Balwa ngesikhumba ngosizo lukaZircon noSpore;
- i-powdery isikhutha (sithinta sonke isihlahla, sakha i-plaque emhlophe enamathele ezingxenyeni zayo). Izindlela zokulwa - izidakamizwa "Skor", "Topaz";
- izithelo ukubola (izithelo ziqala ukubola zinyuka). Isidakamizwa esithi "Hom" sithinta izithelo ukubola;
- i-apple ejwayelekile evamile (ukuphahlaza kanye namagxolo amacembe, omile, umuthi uyafa). Uma ulwa nomdlavuza, susa zonke izingxenye ezilimazwe yi-fungus, futhi uphathe izingxenye ezisele nge-sulphate yethusi.
Yonke insimu ifuna ukuzitholela ama-apula amnandi eminyakeni ezayo, yingakho ukukhathalela i-apula kuyo yonke impilo yayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Funda: indlela yokwenza i-apula ithwale izithelo, kunokuba uphefle i-apula esihlahleni esiyizinambuzane, kanye nendlela yokufihla i-apula ngesihlahla sasebusika kusukela ebusika futhi uyivikele emakhazeni.
Ukuvimbela ngu:
- ukuhlanzwa ngokugcwele esontweni;
- ukuchelela ngokulinganisela ngaphandle komswakama okweqile;
- ungavumeli ukuqina komqhele;
- ukubhujiswa okwesikhashana kwama-vectors ezinambuzane;
- ukupompela kokuvimbela ngamalungiselelo ethusi kanye namafongicides.
Izinambuzane
Kulezi zinambuzane ezivamile kakhulu ze-apula, okulandelayo kuyingozi kakhulu:
- i-aphid (icela ama-juice kusuka kobukhulu obuhlaza);
- isibungu semundu (umonakalo amahlamvu kanye namahlumela amancane, ama-ovari);
- i-apple moth (ibhubhisa izinso);
- i-leafworm (ibulala amaqabunga nama-ovari wefihlekile).
Sincoma ukuthi ufunde ukuthi i-aphid iyingozi yini emithini yezithelo nokuthi kufanele uyenze uma ibonakala ku-apula, nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani ne-leafworm.
Entwasahlobo, njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela ama-aphid, isithelo sezithelo se-apula siphathwa nge-3% malathion ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwefihlekile. I-Aktara, i-Fosfomid izosiza ukubhubhisa izinkomo. Ukuphalaza kwe-chlorophos noma imithi ye-metaphos kusiza kusuka enundu.
Kungenzeka ukuqeda izinso ezilimazayo ze-moth kanye nepheshana ngokuphalaza: ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqedwe ngesisombululo se-nitrafen 3%, lapho amaqabunga ehlakazeka khona - ngesisombululo se-solone 2%. 
Ukufingqa: kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule umuthi ovela etsheni, udinga ukulandela imithetho. Kusukela ekunakekeleni izithombo ezihlwanyelwe kuzoxhomekeka ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Ukunakekelwa nokukhathazeka kuzothela izithelo ngomqondo obaluleke kunawo wonke wegama.
Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi
