Ama-apula - izithelo ezithandayo kubantu abaningi, okukumangazi, banikezwa ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu ezweni lethu. Izakhamuzi zasehlobo kanye nabalimi bezobuchwepheshe bavame ukubheka izinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokutshala ngeziza zabo, kanti ukukhetha okukhethwa kukho okuyinhloko akubandakanyi nje kuphela izimfanelo ezithandekayo zezithelo, kodwa nezici zangaphandle ze-apula ngokwayo. Siphakamisa ukuthi ujwayele enye yezinhlobo ezithakazelisayo ezibizwa ngokuthi "Ukuncintisana".
Umlando wezinhlobo zokuzalanisa
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula "Ukuqothulwa" ngumphumela womsebenzi wokuzalanisa abasebenzi base-VTISP futhi wafaka irejista yombuso ngo-2015 njengesitshalo enezithelo zesikhathi sokuvuthwa esijwayelekile. Abalobi bezinhlobonhlobo, abaqhuba umsebenzi ekukhethweni kwayo, babhekwa njenge-V. Kichin noN. G. Morozov. 
Uyazi? Naphezu kokuba izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla ze-apulale ezikhona namuhla zihlaselwa ngamabomu, izihlahla zokuqala ezinezici zangaphandle zivele ngengozi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1964 eCanada, lapho esifundazweni saseBrithani Columbia, umuthi wase-MacIntosh oneminyaka engu-50 wanikeza igatsha elikhulu ngokungavamile ngaphandle kwamagatsha avamile, kodwa nenani elikhulu lezithelo.
Incazelo yomuthi
Izinhlobo zemithi "Ukuncintisana" zihluka ngobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu, zikhula ngokuphakama kuya kumamitha amabili (kodwa noma kunjalo, abaningi bazibheka njengabangabantwana "abancane", kodwa "abafana nabancane"). Le apula ikholomu inezinga lokukhula okuphakathi futhi umqhele ophakathi, ofana nephiramidi encane.
Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-columnar apula engadini yakho, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apulale e-columnar efana ne- "Currency", "uMongameli", "Vasyugan".Amahlumela asesigxini aphakathi nokhuni, ahlangene futhi akhula ngokuqondile ngombala womnqumo ongenalutho.
Amacwecwe amahlamvu aluhlaza okwedlulele - kunalokho ahlukumezekile, ahlukaniswe kancane, akhomba ekugcineni. Amaqabunga abushelelekile kuze kube yilapho ethintwa khona, ngokunciphisa kancane kanye ne-friji epholile, epholile.Abalimi abangenalwazi bangaphazamisa kalula "Ukunqoba" nezinye izinhlobo zemithi yama-apula, kodwa uma behlolisisa, umehluko uyabonakala.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apple ezincane, ikakhulukazi njenge "Bratchud" ne "Wonderful".
Incazelo yezithelo
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izithelo ezihlukahlukene zikhula zibe ubukhulu obuphakathi noma obukhulu, ngobuningi be-apula ngayinye 100-150 g (kunezimo ezinesisindo esingu-200 g). Ukuma kwazo kufana nebhola elincane, kepha izithelo zihlala zingenalutho.
I-peel yama-apula iluhlaza futhi iluhlaza kakhulu, enombala obomvu obomvu obomvu kuwo wonke umhlaba. 
Ngaphakathi kwe-apula zifihliwe inyama enamanzi namanzi weqhwa, ngesakhiwo esihlelekile kanye nesiphuzo elizwakalayo se-apula. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuyinto uju-amnandi, kodwa ngokuba khona ukukhanya omuncu, okuyinto kuphela ugcwalise kahle.
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Into yokuqala abalimi bayakuqaphela lapho ukhetha i-apula isici sezinhlobonhlobo nezidingo zayo zokunakekelwa.
Okunye okubalulekile kuzoba ulwazi mayelana nezithelo, ukuvuna izithelo, ukumelana nezifo, iqhwa nezinye izici ezibalulekile, okuzoxoxwa ngazo ngokuqhubekayo.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zezintambo ezinkulu ze-trump "Ukuncintisana" - ukuphikiswa okunamandla kwamagciwane.
Hlola imithetho yokuphatha isikhumba ema-apula.Lesi sifo ngokuvamile sithinta ama-apple izihlahla eziningi, okwenza kube nokulahleka okukhulu kokuvunwa, kodwa kulokhu ukuphikiswa kwalo kufakwe ezihlukahlukene ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo.
Yiqiniso, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, izihlahla ze-apula zingagula nezinye izifo ezivamile, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka njalo, ngoba ukumelana kwezifo ezihlukahlukene kunezifo eziphakeme kakhulu.Ukumelana nesomiso nobunzima bebusika
Akukwazi ukusho ukuthi ukunqoba kuyoba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokufaka i-columnar apple ezifundeni ezinobusika obukhulu. Naphezu kokuthi ukumelana nokushisa kweqhwa kunesisindo esiphakeme, izihlahla ezishisa kakhulu zingahle zingasinda esikhathini esibandayo.
Ukwenqabela amaqabunga kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezinjalo zezihlahla ze-apula njenge "Imrus", "Cowberry", "Uralets", "I-Autumn striped", "Ligol", "Berkutovskoe".Ngokuqondene nomswakama, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sokuthola isitshalo esiphakeme kakhulu nesivumayo, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi esomile ikakhulu kunconywa ukuphuza izihlahla njalo izinsuku ezingu-2-3.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Ukuvuna ama-apula wezinhlobonhlobo ze "Triumph" kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube phakathi kukaSeptemba, lapho izithelo sezifinyelele ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe. 
Ukuhluma nokuthela
Phakathi kwezici ezinhle ezihlukahlukene ezichazwe, kufanelekile ukugqamisa isivuno esikhulu, futhi izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezifana nobuhle be-Sverdlovsk, i-Sun, i-Zhigulevskoe, i-Dzhonagold, i-Orlik, i-Spartan nazo zivezwa yizivuno eziphakeme.
Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu emva kokutshala, usuvele uvuna isitshalo sakho sokuqala emithonjeni ye-clonal encane neyodwa, kodwa kuzodingeka ulinde iminyaka embalwa kuze kube yilapho ukhula khona: isivuno esiphelele siwela ngonyaka wesine noma wesihlanu emva kokutshala.
Ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungathola cishe u-6 kg wama-apula, kodwa ngokucophelela lesi sibalo singakhula kufika ku-10 kg. Izithelo zika-80-100 zezithelo ngokuvamile zivuna kusuka ku-1 ha. 
Ukuthutha nokugcina
Impilo yesheluli yesithelo se-apula "Ukunqoba" kuphela izinyanga ezingu-2-3, ezichazwe izici eziphansi kakhulu zekhekhe lephepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi apula azifanelekile ukuhamba kwesikhathi eside, nakuba zivame ukutshalwa ngenjongo yokuhweba.
Uyazi? Ama-apula abizayo kunazo zonke emhlabeni angabhekwa njengeSekai Ichi, abelethwe ngokuzalanisa eJapane. Elinye i-apula elinjalo (lingakwazi ukufinyelela kalula isisindo sika 2 kg) libiza okungaphezu kwamaRandi angu-20, futhi amaJapane ngokwabo abathinta isidlo sokudla futhi adle kuphela ngamaholidi.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Lapho utshala isitshalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha izindawo ezikhanyiswe ilanga futhi zitholakala endaweni evikelwe ezikhungweni zemimoya. Okunye okubalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwe-fruiting yilezi zenzeke emanzini angaphansi komhlaba: kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuthi izimpande zesitshalo azikhukhumezi.
Uma utshala izithombo, inhlabathi kufanele isivele ifudumele, ngoba inhlabathi ebandayo umuthi awugcini nje. 
Isikhathi esiphezulu nesiphakamiso sokuthutha sokunconywa
Ukutshala izithombo ezichazwe izinhlobo zingenziwa ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli nangokuwa. Kunoma yikuphi, inyanga ngaphambi kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukulungisa kahle isihlalo bese umba imbobo 75x100 cm usayizi.
Uma ukhipha umhlabathi kuwo, ungqimba oluphezulu (oluvundile kakhulu) luzoxubaniswa nanoma yiluphi uhlobo olukhona lwezinto eziphilayo, oluthuthukisa izakhiwo zalo ezingokwenyama nokwenza izinto zibe lula, zondle futhi ziphefumule. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kuzokwenza kube nesilinganiso esihle sokusinda nokuthuthukiswa kwesithombo.
Kubalulekile! Uma kunesongo sokukhukhula kwesayithi ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kunconywa ukuba uhlele amanzi emgodini ukuze ususe umswakama owedlule.
Ngokutshala ngokuqondile kwesitshalo, isihlalo (isib., Umgodi) sigcwele izingqimba zomhlaba, usebenzisa ingxube yemhlabathi elungiselelwe ekuqaleni. 
Uhlelo lokutshala oluphumelele kakhulu lwezinhlobonhlobo zezinqola ukulondolozwa phakathi kwemithi ka-0.5 m no-1 m phakathi kwemigqa eseduze.
Lokhu kubeka kuzovumela wonke ama-saplings ukuba athole ukukhanya okwanele, futhi uhlelo lwempande luyoba nendawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa okuhle.
Ukuntuleka kwesikhala ngenxa yokuqina kwe-plantings kuvame ukuholela ekwakheni okungalungile kwama-apula, ukuma nombala okuzobe kuwuhluke ngokungafani nendawo evumelekile.
Izinsisekelo zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Abalimi abaningi ngemuva kokutshala izihlahla ensimini cishe ababanandaba nabo, bethembele kuphela kwimvelo, kodwa uma kwenzeka "Ukunqotshwa" isimo esinjalo besingalungile. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, bonke abatshale izihlahla ze-apula badinga ukuphuziswa, bakhulelwe futhi banqunywe ngesikhathi esifanele. 
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Elinye lamaphuzu aphambili ekunakekeleni "Ukunqotshwa" ukuchelela okwanele nangokuvamile, ikakhulukazi okuhlobene nesomiso. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe amalitha ayishumi amanzi athululelwa kuwo wonke umuthi, athululelwe ngaphansi komgqomo ngokujwayelekile izikhathi 2-3 ngesonto.
Izihlahla ziqala ukuphuziswa esiteji sokuhluma futhi ziqhubeke nale nqubo kuze kube sekwindla, ngokuqinisekile, ngokucabangela izimo zezulu. Ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokunisela, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi kancane embuthaneni ozungeza isiqu, ukususa ukhula kuwo njengoba kudingeka.
Kubalulekile! Uma sicabangela indawo eseduze ye-root system ye-columnar apula izihlahla emhlabeni, ukukhululeka kwenziwa kakhulu, ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokuhamba kuka-10 cm.
Ukuze kugcinwe umswakama emhlabathini, ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwawo okusheshayo, kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukufaka isikhwama esihlahleni somuthi ngesikhwama esingahlala kuwo kuze kube sebusika (ngesikhathi sebandayo, umqubuzelo ususwe ukuze ungadonseli amantonga). 
Ukudla
Esimweni sezinhlobonhlobo ze "Triumph", ukufaka umquba nge-microelements kwafakazela ukuthi kuhlanjululwa kahle ngokusitshala isihlahla semithi eluhlaza ngesisombululo esilungiselelwe ngokuvumelana nezincomo ezisepaketheni (azifani nokwakheka komzimba ngamunye).
Funda nokuthi yini okufanele ukhiphe isithelo se-apula ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, indlela yokuvikela i-apula esihlahleni.
Ukugqoka phezulu nge-nitrogen kanye nama-fertilizer eziphilayo kufanele kusale ngaphambi kuka-Agasti, kodwa i-potassium ingasetshenziswa kuze kube sekwindla, emva kokuvuna.
Ingxube elandelayo iyofanelekela indima yokubunjwa kwezinto eziqukethe izihlahla: kulelo bhakede lamanzi, udinga ukuhlanza umquba womquba kanye nesipuni se-urea, ukuxuba ngokucophelela lezi zithako. Ukwakhiwa okuphelile kuthululwa ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye ekubalweni kwama-2 amalitha ngomuthi we-apula ngamunye. 
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Zonke izihlahla ze-apple ze-apulazi zidinga izihlahla, futhi le nqubo inezici zayo. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yomonakalo esenzweni esiphezulu sezithelo, ukuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwamahlumela ama-apical angabonwa, okwephula isakhiwo somqhele futhi kuholele ekutheni i-asymmetry yomuthi.
Yazi kahle izici zokusika izihlahla ze-apula.Imiphumela emibi ingagwenywa ngokususa ukuphunyuka okubuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela ahlangene nawo angaphansi kokususwa, okuvame ukwakhiwa kubamele bezinhlobonhlobo zoNqoba. Yenza inqubo ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Naphezu kokuqina okukhulu kwebusika kwezihlahla ezichazwe, lapho izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kwe-10 ° C, lingakwazi ukuqhwaza, okusho ukuthi ezindaweni ezihamba ngokushisa kakhulu, kufanele ukucabanga ngokufihla izihlahla ngesikhathi sekwindla (lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokukhethekile kwezithombo ezincane).
Njengengxenye yokumboza, ungasebenzisa utshani noma ama-shavings, futhi uma ufuna ukuqhubeka uvikela i-apula emanzini, kufanele ubeke phezu kwezihlahla ze-pine spruce. Ensikeni, ungasebenzisa ikhefu lokukhahlela.
Kubalulekile! Kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuthi ukwaziswa okusetshenziselwa indawo yokukhosela kufanele kube owomile, ngoba kuphela lapho kungekho khona umswakama izifo eziphilayo ngeke zande ngaphansi kwalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Apple
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ezinqobayo zihle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okusha kanye nokucubungula okushisayo kwe-jam, i-jam ne-jam. Uma ufisa, ungawafaka kuma-pie noma amanye ama-pastries, futhi ulungise iziphuzo ezihlukahlukene ngesisekelo sesithelo. 
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
Njengoba usuqaphele kakade, ukuhlukahluka kwe-apple ye-Triumph kunempahla eminingi enhle, kodwa ayikho ngaphandle kokushiyeka kwayo, okuyiqiniso ukuthi ayifani kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobo ezikhulayo zifaka:
- ukutholakala kwezithelo ezinhle nezinhle kakhulu ngezimfanelo eziphakeme kanye ne-dessert;
- ukuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla ze-apula ngokwabo (ngisho nendawo encane izothola kalula izitshalo eziningana);
- izithelo eziphakeme kanye nobuqili bemithi (isithelo sokuqala singalindela kakade eminyakeni engu-2-3 emva kokutshala izithombo);
- izinkomba ezinhle zokumelana nezifo, ikakhulukazi, maqondana nenkinga ejwayelekile njengesikhumba.
Izingozi zokutshala izitshalo zihlanganisa:
- izinhlawulo eziphansi zesitoreji (impilo yeshalofu ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3 kuphela);
- ukungenakwenzeka kokutshala ezimweni zobusika obukhulu.
Uzovuma ukuthi kunezinzuzo eziningi, futhi uma singeza kubo ukulula okuqhathaniswa kokunakekela izitshalo, izinkinga ezingenhla ngeke zibonakale ngokuphelele. Ngelinye igama, ukuhlukahluka kweNqoba kuyadingeka uqaphele lapho ukhetha i-apula ngesiqephu sakho.
