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Isihlahla se-Apple

Indlela yokutshala i-apula ngesihlahla esihlotsheni

Ukugoma kuyisenzo esiphuthumayo futhi esinomsebenzi onzima, kodwa sisindisa isikhathi sokutshala umuthi omusha. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuziphatha kahle kwalolu daba, futhi sifunde indlela yokunakekela umuthi ohlanganisiwe.

Isikhathi esihle nenhloso yokugoma

Ukugonywa kwenziwa:

  • ukuvuselelwa kwezinkuni zakudala;
  • ukulondolozwa kwezimfanelo ezihlukahlukene;
  • ukusheshisa ukutshalwa kwezihlahla;
  • ukwandisa ukumelana kwezihlobo ezintsha ngenxa yesitoko esidala.

Kubalulekile ukwenza imisebenzi enjalo ngenkathi isihlahla siphumule - entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Inkathi ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.

Uyazi? Abantu baqala ukudla izithelo zama-apula asendle kusukela ezikhathini ze-Neolithic. Ama-apula asendle atholakala kumasayithi abantu basendulo. Kodwa umqondo wokuhlakulela isitshalo sasendle wafika kubantu kamuva kakhulu..
Abalimi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi kungcono ukufeza umsebenzi entwasahlobo:
  • ukuhlwanyela kuthatha izimpande kangcono;
  • zonke izindlela zokugoma zingasetshenziswa;
  • uma ukuhlanganiswa kungazange kuthathwe izimpande, kunesikhathi sokwenza umgomo omusha.

Kodwa ekwindla kukhona izinzuzo:

  • umswakama obengeziwe futhi akukho nesomiso esithile;
  • Izithombo zihluma kangcono futhi zibekezelela ukufakelwa kalula;
  • ukuqinisa izithombo nokunyuka kwenyuka.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokujwayelana nemithetho eyisisekelo yokuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kanye nokukwazi ukuthi kungani futhi kufanele nini ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo.
Isikhathi esihle sokusebenza:
  • entwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuba i-buds iqale ukuqhuma, ekushiseni kwemoya ka-7-9 ° C;
  • ekwindla - ngo-Septhemba-ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ukuze umgomo uphezulu ngesimo sezulu esifudumele ezinsukwini ezingu-20-30 (+ 10-15 ° C).

Izindlela ezingenzeka

Kunezindlela eziningana zokufakelwa kwe-cuttings - i-budding ne-copulation.

Budding

Le ndlela isetshenziselwa entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, lapho igxolo lisuka emapulini kahle. Kufezwa ngokuhlanganisa amazinyo nge-flap. Ukhonza ukuthola izithombo. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu senqubo enjalo isentwasahlobo nehlobo. I-autumn ayifiseki.

Ukuqubuzana

Ngalendlela, ukusika kuhlangene nesitoko. Le ndlela ilula, ngezinga eliphezulu lokusinda kwezihlahla, ezifanele abalimi beqala.

Kubalulekile! Uma ukukopisha, kubalulekile ukugcina ubukhulu obufanayo be-scion ne-stock.

Nika ukwabelana:

  • elula - Scion kanye nezimpande zenziwe ngokulinganayo, zisebenza komunye nomunye futhi zilimaze. Ukusebenza konke kufanele kuthathe isikhathi esingaphansi kweminithi - kuze kube yilapho isixuku sihlanganiswa. Isetshenziselwa amagatsha amancane (1-2 kweminyaka);
  • ngcono - ku-graft kanye ne-stock yenza ingxenye yesikhathi eside, izicucu zihlangene futhi zilimazwe. Kuyafaneleka ngamagatsha ahlukene ububanzi, uma nje benalo igxolo elifanayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi;
  • ngokuhlukaniswa - isigaba esingaphambano senziwa esitokisini lapho ukufakelwa khona kufakwa khona nge-oblique cut. Kuyafaneleka ngamagatsha wezinsuku ezahlukene kanye namamitha ahlukene;
  • ngemuva kwegxolo - njengesitokisi, igatsha lisetshenziswe njengesitokisi, ekunqunyeni kwamagxolo lapho uhlaka lufakwa ngokucophelela nge-oblique cut. Efanelekile kumagatsha ahlukeneyo, esitokisini esikhulu (esingaphezu kuka-5 cm ububanzi) ungakwazi ngisho nokutshala ama-graft amabili. Le ndlela inconywa kubalimi be-novice ngenxa yobulula bayo kanye nezinga eliphakeme le-petioles yokuqothula.
Ividiyo: izindlela zokuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla zezithelo

Amathuluzi ayadingeka wokuhlanganisa ama-apula

Ukusebenza okulungile kuncike ezintweni ezinhle.

Uyazi? I-Avalon edumile (noma iparadesi ezinkulumeni zeNkosi Arthur) kusho kuCeltic "izwe lama-apula".
Sizodinga okulandelayo:
  • ubukhali bensimu ebukhali. Kungcono ukuthatha ummese okhethekile wokukopisha;
  • i-pruner Qinisekisa ukuthi leli blade lihloliwe ngokucophelela;
  • ukuhlunga uhlaka;
  • isikhuntaji noma umcengezi wokhuni;
  • ifilimu. Kungcono ukubeka isitofu esikhwameni esikhethekile, kepha ungasebenzisa izikhwama noma ifilimu ekhemisi yokucindezela. Le filimu kufanele ihlukaniswe ibe yiziqephu ngobubanzi buka-1 cm;
  • izinga lokulima Noma ubumba, iplastiki, i-minium;
  • indwangu ehlanzekile - ukusula izandla zakho nokusika.

Indlela yokutshala i-apula ngesihlahla esidala: uhlelo

Ukuze uhlanganiswe emthini omdala ekwindla, izindlela ezimbili kuphela zokubambisana zizofaneleka - ngemuva kwegxolo nokuhlukaniswa. Ukushisa ngeke kusebenze, ngoba izinso nje asinaso isikhathi sokuhlala phansi ngaphambi kokushisa kwesimo sezulu futhi zizofa, nezinye izinketho zokubumbana zenzelwe amagatsha amancane, hhayi iziqu ezindala ezindala.

Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokufakelwa kwezinhlobo zama-apula, amapheya namagilebhisi.

Umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ekuseni, esimweni sezulu esomile nesingekho ilanga, ekushiseni kwemoya ka-15-20 ° C. Ukwehla kanye nomswakama awuhambisani nomsebenzi onjalo - ukusika kungadla.

Uma ukhetha izinhlobo zokugoma kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izihlahla zase-apula zasehlobo zidinga ukugoma izinhlobo zehlobo, kanti ebusika - ebusika noma ekwindla. Uma kungenjalo, kuyoba khona umehluko phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo nokulungiselela ubusika begatsha elihlanganisiwe kanye nomuthi oyinhloko.

Izimpande ezimnandi zezihlahla ze-apula zizoba:

  • i-pear;
  • quince;
  • izinhlobo ze-apula "i-Antonovka", "i-Anis", "i-Borovinka", "i-Brown striped", i- "Grushovka Moscow".

Ngaphambi kwegxolo

Ukuze wenze imishanguzo efanele, kufanele ulandele le mithetho:

  • Ukufakelwa kwama-graft akudingeki kuneminyaka engama-3-4;
  • Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, hlola ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukukhahlela amahlamvu emithini;
  • Ukufakelwa kufanele kube yisitoko esincane.

Ukulandelana kwezinyathelo kufana nalokhu:

  1. Ukulungiswa kokusika - igatsha elifanele likhethiwe futhi kunqunywe i-oblique kusukela ngezansi (cishe okulingana namadayimitha amathathu okusika) futhi kusuka phezulu, 2-4 buds kuyadingeka.
  2. Ukulungiswa kwesitokisi - amagatsha akhethiwe anqunywe, izindawo zokusika zihanjiswa. Esikhathini samagxolo, ukucwiliswa kwe-longitudinal kufakwe ku-5 cm ubude (futhi umese akufanele usike izinkuni zegatsha). Amagxolo asuke ehlathini.
  3. ukuxhunyelelwa - ukusika kuhlanganiswa kahle bese kunenxeba elilodwa nefilimu. Ihlanganiso ihlanganiswe ne-pitch pitch.
Ukuxhunyelela i-apula phezu kwamagxolo. futhi - i-shank ilungiselele inoculation; b - umhlanga ufakwe ngemuva kwegxolo; in - isitoreji esinikezwe ukufakelwa kwesigaba esigabeni; g - ukuhlanganisa ama-cuttings amabili.
Kubalulekile! Inoculate cuttings eziningana ngegatsha ngalinye, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu be-graft bunjani. - kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-5 Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusinda kanye nokuhlelwa kokukhethwa kwe-vector enamandla futhi enamandla.Twi.

Le ndlela ilula futhi ifaneleka kwabaqalayo.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Izimo zokugoma okuphephile zimi kanje:

  • ukuqina kwesigaba esihlanganisiwe akusilo ngaphezu kuka-5-6 cm;
  • akukho namagatsha angu-3-4 ahlala emthini ngaphambi komsebenzi, abanye basuswa.

Inqubo izobukeka kanje:

  1. Ukulungiswa kokusika - igatsha elifanele likhethiwe futhi kunqunywe i-oblique kusukela ngezansi (cishe okulingana namamitha amathathu we-cut) futhi kusuka phezulu, kushiya ama-2-4 buds;
  2. Ukulungiswa kwe-rootstock - igatsha ekhethiwe liyakunqunywa futhi lihlolwe, ukusika kuncike ngokucophelela phakathi nokuya kwezingu-4-8 cm. Ukujula kokuhlukaniswa kuncike ekubunjeni kokusika - okunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa, nokunciphisa ukujula. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa nge-hatchet kanye ne-wedge (noma isikrini se-screwdriver);
  3. i-inoculation - cuttings ifakwe engxenyeni futhi ihlanganiswe nefilimu. Konke kuhlanganiswe ngokucophelela nge-baking ingadi noma i-plasticine.
Ukuxhunyelela umuthi we-apula ube yi-cleavage ephelele. i-cuttings; b - ukwehlukanisa esitokisini; in - isitokisi ngama-shanks afakiwe.

Kodwa umsebenzi awupheli lapho. Ngisho noma ukugoma kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho, kubalulekile ukunakekela kahle umuthi ukuze ukusika uthathe izimpande.

Imithetho yokunakekelwa komuthi emva kokugoma

Ngemuva kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokugoma ngemuva kwesonto noma ezimbili, udinga ukuhlola isimo sokusika - noma somile noma cha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwephuzile. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukusika akukhulumi ndawonye, ​​lapho kwenzeka khona isuswe, futhi isilonda sisindiwe ngokubilisa noma ubumba.

Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nendlela yokwenza i-apple tree bear bear, indlela yokupula i-apula esihlahleni esiyizinambuzane, indlela yokuphatha i-apula ngesihlahla sokuwa, indlela yokulungisa kahle umuthi we-apula omdala, nokuthi ungaphika kanjani isihlahla se-apula ebusika kusuka ebusweni bese uvikela emahlathini.
Entwasahlobo ungazama futhi inhlanhla futhi uphinde wenze yonke imisebenzi nge-cuttings ezintsha. Kubalulekile ukukhulula ukugqoka ngesikhathi (ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-15) ukuze kungabonakali amagatsha. Kodwa kungasuswa ngokuphelele entwasahlobo.

Ividiyo: indlela yokunakekela i-scion Ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibanda, umuthi kufanele uphuze futhi uphuze. Kuyoba kuhle ukugcwalisa isihlahla somuthi nge umquba noma ama-humus. Lokhu kuzosebenza njengomanyolo futhi kugcine umswakama emhlabathini. Ukuvimbela amagatsha abuthakathaka ekulimazeni izinyoni, ungabeka ama-arcs noma amathrekhi edayini elibomvu - lizoqeda izinyoni.

Ngaphambi kokubanda kakhulu, umuthi wokugoma udinga ukufudumala ngezinto ezikhethekile zokumboza noma nje isikhwama seplastiki, ehlanganiswe ephepheni phezu kwalo ukuvimbela ukushisa okukhulu emisebeni yelanga.

Izithelo zokuhlanganiswa: amaphuzu ayisisekelo ama-novice balimi

Abalimi abamemezeli abakwazi ukubhekana namaphutha futhi ngokuvamile bawenza. Iphutha eliyinhloko ukukhetha ithuluzi elingalungile. Abantu abaningi banganaki ukuthengwa kwemishini ekhethekile (ukuhlanganisa ama-knives, ama-hatches, ama-pruning shears amahle) futhi basebenzise imimese ejwayelekile yamatafula, izinkomba zokuvakasha.

Ngalolu daba, ukusikeka kwezicuttings noma ingxenye evamile akungalingani, shaggy. Futhi ukufakelwa okunjalo akusizi izimpande.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla kanye nezihlahla ziphinde zisebenzise ithuluzi elikhethekile - i-pruner yokuxhunyelelwa.
Imithi nemivese yokunamathisela izihlahla

Ncoma lapha ungenza izinto ezimbili

  • ukuthengwa kommese wokugoma nokuqabula kwayo ngokuphelele;
  • Ngaphambi kokuvuna ama-cuttings, kufanele uqale ukuqhuba emagatsheni angasendle noma angelona izithelo.

Iphutha lesibili yisinqumo esingalungile sokusika. Isiqu sinqunywe kusuka phezulu kwegatsha, futhi empeleni sekuvele nje, asikavuthi futhi asihlinzeki ngokugcwele ngokudla. Ukususwa okunjalo okunciphisa nokugoma kuzophuma kabi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole ukuhlanganiswa, khetha amagatsha avuthiwe onyaka owodwa, namafihlekile athuthukile.

Abalimi besiqalo bazoqala ukusiza ukuthi bafunde kanjani indlela yokucubungula i-apula emva kokusila, kanye nendlela yokuguqula, ukondla futhi uhlanze umuthi we-apula entwasahlobo.
Enye iphutha ukukhetha okungalungile kokungena endaweni yokugoma. Abaningi bazizwa bezisole ngokunqamula amagatsha athuthukile ngakho-ke bahlwanyela emagatsheni amancane, avame ukuvuthiwe. Futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe, ukugoma kunika ukwanda okungekho emthethweni.

Indawo yokugoma kufanele ibe sekusondelene nesiqu esikhulu noma egatsheni lezinhlanzi. Akudingekile ukutshala umuthi ohlanganisiwe. Isitshalo esinjalo esibuthakathaka siyokhula kabi futhi ngeke sizuze noma iyiphi inzuzo. Ukugonywa kuyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenza futhi kudinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela. Kodwa ukuqaliswa kwayo okulungile kukuvumela ukuba usheshise isivuno, uvuselele insimu futhi ugcine izinhlobo ze-apula eziwusizo kusuka ekufeni.

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