Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zama-apula, i-"Gala" i-apple-tree iphuma ngaphandle kokufaneleka kwayo. Ukudumile nokuqashelwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuhweba kwanqoba eYurophu, e-United States of America, eCanada naseBrazil. Ukuqaphela okunjalo izici ezinhle kwenza izihlahla ze-apula ze-Gala "ezihlukahlukene zizosetshenziselwa ukutshala izimboni.
Umlando we-Inference
Umzalisi waseNew Zealand J.H. UDidd, ngokuwela i-apula i-Golden Delicious ne-Golden Kidd Orange, ngo-1957 wathola uhlobo olusha lwe-apula ebizwa nge-Gala, okusho ukuthi " ".
Uyazi? Emazweni aseMelika - Washington, eWest Virginia naseRhode Island - i-apula ithathwa njengesithelo esisemthethweni sikahulumeni, futhi kusukela ngekhulu lama-30 ekhulwini lokugcina, ibizwa ngokuthi iNew York ("Big Apple").
Ukuhlola izimfanelo zangaphandle ezingenakuqhathaniswa nezithelo, J.H. I-Kidd ithathwa ukuze kuzalwe izinhlobo ze-hybridi ngemininingwane ekhangayo. Ngezihlobo zabo zokuza, izinhlobonhlobo ziya ngokuya zithandwa. Njengoba kunezici ezinhle kakhulu kanye nezimfanelo zokunambitha, lezi zihlukahlukene ziqala ukusetshenziswa emasimini emikhulu yaseNew Zealand naseYurophu kusukela ngo-1965. 
Zoned engxenyeni eyinhloko ye-Ukraine nasezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia kusukela ngo-1993, kodwa ku-scaleing plantings ayisetshenziswanga okwamanje. Ngo-2016, lo mkhiqizo waholela ekwamukeleni "okuthandwa kakhulu emhlabeni" isithunzi "Gala".
Incazelo yomuthi
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Apple "Gala" isici sencazelo enjalo.
- Isihlahla: ukuphakama okuphakathi, okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-3.5 ukuphakama.
- Uhlelo lomsuka: uhlobo oluthuthukile, oluthile.
- I-Krone: esincane, esasakazeka, esivamile futhi ehlangene nomumo.
- Amagatsha akhiwa: amandla angaphakathi kanye nesiqondiso esiphakeme sokukhula.
- Izimbali: ekupheleni kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni.
- I-Peduncles: ephakathi, ehlangene, emhlophe.
- Amahlamvu: ehlangene nephosi echazwe ekupheleni, okuluhlaza okomnyama, ingxenye yabo engezansi ishicilela kakhulu.
Uyazi? Ukuze uzame zonke izinhlobo zokuzalisa zama-apula, kuzothatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yokuphila, ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwama-apula okuhlukahlukeneyo ngosuku.
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo zebanga elithi "Gala" - ubukhulu obujwayelekile, uhlobo olulodwa nolwesigxile. Phezulu kwe-apple ukukhwabanisa okuncane kuvunyelwe. Izithelo isisindo sika-115-145 amagremu, kodwa ekugcineni ungakwazi ukufinyelela ama-gramu angu-170. Umbala uphuzi nemivimbo ebomvu e-orange. Kwamanye ama-subspecies we "Gala" ezihlukahlukene, ukuhlunga okubomvu kungakwazi ukumboza ngokuphelele i-apple. Isikhumba sesithelo sibumnyama, sinomzimba, kodwa sinamandla ngokwanele. Inyama ilula, i-tinge ephuzi, isinyene, isakhiwo se-granular. Ukunambitheka kwama-apula kunomusa okwenziwe ngokumuncu. Iphunga lama-apula - i-anise enhle ngamanothi e-caramel namanothi. 
Izidingo zokukhanyisa
Kuye lapho ama-apula aseGala ekhula khona, izithelo zingahluka ngobukhulu nombala. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zokukhula okuhle nentuthuko kubhekwa njengokukhanyisa kwelanga, noma "ukungcolisa". Ukuze kube nezimo zokukhula ezifanele kanye nomfutho ofanelwe kuwo wonke umqhele, umuthi udinga ukukhanya okukhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba wehla ezindaweni ezikhanyayo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kuzonciphisa inani lamabhukimakhi efihlekile izithelo, ngokulandelana, kuzonciphisa isivuno futhi kuphuculise ukunambitheka kwama-apula.
"Gala" ngokulinganisela yenza umthunzi okhethekile, kodwa lokhu kungathinta kakhulu isivuno somuthi.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Ukuze uthole intuthuko enhle, i- "Gala" idinga inhlabathi evundile (chernozem, loam, i-sandy loam). Kungcono ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula ezindaweni ezingomile futhi eziphakeme ngaphandle kwamanzi aphansi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithanda inhlabathi eyomile ngaphandle kokukhululeka komswakama.
Ukuphuza inhlabathi akufanele kube nesithakazelo. Izihlahla ezincane zidinga ukuthambisa isikhathi esisodwa ngesonto, futhi kuvuthiwe njengoba kudingeka. Ngomswakama ophezulu, ukuchelela okungeziwe kwezulu akudingeki. 
Ukuthinta impilo nokuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla esikhulu izindlela ze-agrotechnical zokulima:
- ukukhishwa kwesikhashana nokumba ngonyaka. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuzoba nomthelela omuhle emoyeni-emoyeni nasesimo sezulu esishisayo somhlabathi;
- ukufaka umanyolo, ukhiqizwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokumba, kuzokwandisa izakhi emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukulinganiswa komsebenzi wesimanyolo, futhi kungcono ukondla ngezikhathi ngezikhathi (ngonyaka). Njengokugqokisa phezulu kudingekile ukusebenzisa umquba womvelo (wemvelo). Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, ingxube yomquba nomquba noma umlotha nge-lime kufanelekile. Futhi emhlabathini kungasetshenziswa kanye namanyolo amaminerali ngamanani amancane, ukubuka ukulinganisela;
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi nge-sawdust noma utshani kuzokwenzela isimo esihle sokushisa kwenhlabathi.
Kubalulekile! Ukumba nokugubungula okukhiqizwa yinkimbinkimbi, kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudla nokukhulisa izinga lokuqina komuthi.
Ukuvota
I-apple tree "Gala" ayisebenzi ezinhlobonhlobo ze-self-fruiting futhi idinga umakhelwane nge-pollinators. Okuthakazelisayo ngomakhelwane wezithelo ezinhlobonhlobo "U-Idared", "uJames Griv", "i-Golden Delicious", "i-Melrose" ne-"Elstar".
Fruiting
Ukuqala kwe-fruiting emthini omncane kuza kuphela iminyaka engu-3-7 futhi kuxhomeke ekuhlanganiseni (ukuhlanganiswa kwesinye isitshalo). Nge-graft esitshalweni esincane, ukuqala kwe-fruiting kungase kuqale kakade ngonyaka wesithathu, kanti ukufakelwa kwesitshalo esiphakeme kuzokuholela ekuhlungeni kuphela ngonyaka wesi-7. Uhlobo oluxutshwe nge-"Gala", lokhu kusho ukuthi izithelo zomkhiqizo ovuthiwe zingakhiwa kokubili eziqongweni zamagatsha ezithelo, nasemasimini ezithelo (unyaka owodwa) kanye nemifino (ukuzuza okuncane kwonyaka). 
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Isikhathi se-fruiting siqala ekupheleni kukaSeptemba futhi sihlala kuze kube sekuqandeni kweqhwa (ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuthwa okukhishwayo kuwela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, futhi ekupheleni kukaNovemba ukuvuthwa kwabathengi kuza.
Ekwindla, izithelo zama-apula njenge-Red Chif, uBashkir Beauty, i-Pepin Saffron, i-Semerenko, i-Uralets, i-Shtreyfling, i-Solnyshko, i-Zhigulevskoe yokuvuthwa.
Ukuthela
Ukuvuna kwonyaka womuthi omdala kungafinyelela ku-50-70 kg. Emithini emifushane, isivuno sisezingeni elincane, kodwa ngonyaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zijwayele ukuhlanganiswa nokuningi kwesitshalo. Ukuthambekela kwezinto ezihlukahlukene kungaholela esikhathini esithile sokuhluma noma ukuphazamisa izinga lezithelo, okungukuthi, ubukhulu.
Ukuze ugweme ukungenelela futhi ukwandise usayizi wezithelo ngesikhathi sokufiphala kwezimpande, kubalulekile ukuba unciphise ama-stalks embali. Uma lo mzuzu ungaphuthelwa, khona-ke kuvunyelwe ukunciphisa isithelo esivele sakhiwe, ukususa izithelo eziphakathi kwesikhwama ngasinye. With "ukuguga" kanye nokunciphisa isivuno somuthi kancane kancane.
Uyazi? Isihlahla sama-apula endala emhlabeni wonke sikhula eManhattan (eNew York). Yatshalwe ngo-1947 futhi isazala izithelo.
Ukuthutha nokugcina
Ukuphepha ngesikhathi sokuhamba kuyalinganiselwa ukuthi kunejwayelekile, kodwa, ngokuvamile, ama-apula agcina isethulo ngesikhathi sokuthutha emadolobheni amancane. Impilo yasheluli yama-apula isikhathi eside futhi ingafinyelela isigamu sonyaka. Kubalulekile ukugcina isitshalo endaweni epholile neyimnyama (ikamelo eliphansi noma ikamelo elingaphansi).
Kubalulekile! Ukwandisa impilo yesheluli izithelo ngokulimala, izimpawu zokugula noma izinambuzane kufanele zihlukaniswe nesitshalo esikhulu.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Umuthi we-apula uthanda inhlabathi eyomile kanye nokuchelela okulinganiselayo; ngakho-ke, umelana nezifo ezifayo ezivela emlandweni wemiswakama ephezulu: isikhumba, i-powdery isikhutha (oidium), nokubola.
Kodwa, njengezinye izihlahla zezithelo, i-Gala ingamangala. izifo ezinjalo:
- umdlavuza omnyama - isifo sofuba esithinta amagxolo, amagatsha, amaqabunga nezithelo. Kuboniswe amabala amnyama acindezelekile namachashazi asundu emthini. Ingena i-fungus ngomonakalo emthini;
- Umdlavuza wezimpande uyisifo segciwane elibangelwa amagciwane omhlabathi. Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kungakwandisa ubuthakathaka, ukuqina komuthi nokuyeka ekuthuthukisweni. Ama-bacteria angena ezimpandeni ezonakalisiwe.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi kunazo zonke ze-"Gala" ezihlukahlukene, eziholela isivuno ukunciphisa:
- I-codling moth - isibungu, futhi ngemva kwalokho i-butterfly ishaya izithelo. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe obalulekile, ama-apula awela ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
- I-beetle ye-weevil-flowering iyinambuzane ephethe izibungu eziphefumula ama-inflorescences efihlekile imbali. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lokuvuna linciphisa kakhulu noma alikho ngokuphelele;
- i-leafworm iyinambuzane ephethe izibungu ezinqabeni, amaqabunga, nezithelo zomuthi. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo obalulekile, amaqabunga aphelile, futhi inani lezitshalo liyancipha.
Ekuboniseni kokuqala kokutholakala kwezinambuzane, umuthi kufanele uphathwe ngama-insecticide ngokuhambisana nesimiso esiboniswe emaphaketheni noma isitsha ngokulungiselela (Balazo, Kazumin, Agrostak-Bio, Kalipso, Decis Profi, Fitoverm).
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ungalimazi i-apula ayikwazi ukudlula ukuhlushwa okucacisiwe, futhi unciphise isikhathi sokucubungula.
Ukuze kuvikelwe izifo noma izinambuzane ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukugcoba okumhlophe kusetshenziswa (emthini osemncane nangaphansi, amagatsha aphansi kufanele agcotshwe). Umcimbi onjalo uzodala ungqimba ovikelayo futhi uvimbele ukutholakala kwezinambuzane kanye nezifo eziphilayo. Ukwelashwa komqhele nge-fungicides, isibonelo, i-3% ye-Bordeaux liquid, nayo izoba nomthelela omuhle. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukupuniza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezinso. Emva kokuchitha izimbali, ukwelashwa kwezinkuni nge-fungicide (i-Bordeaux liquid, i-oxychloride yethusi) ingabuyekezwa.
Ubusika obunzima
Ikhono lomuthi we-apple we-Gala ukubekezelela ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nezinye izimo zezulu zenkathi yobusika kulinganiselwa ukuthi zilinganiselwe. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqhwa amancane futhi zikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi kuze kube yi -25 ° C. "Gala" yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali ezilondolozayo ngesikhathi sehlobo lokubuya "frost" entwasahlobo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele (ukumba, ukudla, ukuguqula), ukuqina komuthi kuyanda.
Uyazi? Izakhamuzi zithi i-apula eyodwa eyadliwa inomphumela omuhle emzimbeni, ofana nekhobe yekhofi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo
Izinketho zokusetshenziswa kwezithelo ezingapheli. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini namaminerali ama-apula "Gala" isetshenziswe ngentshiseko:
- ekuphekeni - njengesidlo esithile noma isithako sokulungiselela ama-sauces, ama-marinades, ama-salad, ama-dessert, iziphuzo, kanye nokulondolozwa kokulungiselela imishini, igcina, i-compotes. Izithelo zisetshenziselwa amafomu agqamile, aphethwe ngomoya kanye nama-dry;
- ku-cosmetology - njengengxenye eyinhloko enemiphumela eminingi emasimini, ama-balms, ubuso bomaski / izinwele, ama-creams nama-lotions, ama-toothpastes, njll;
- ekwenzeni izilwane kanye nezilwane - njengokudla kokudla / okuhambisana nezilwane.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-apula kulezi zindawo ziwusizo.Funda indlela yokwenza i-apula iwayini ne-cider ekhaya.
Ama-subspecies asekelwe ezihlukahlukene "Gala"
Uma sicabangela ukubukeka kwezinto ezihlukahlukene "Gala" akukhenyi kakhulu futhi kukhangayo, okukwazi ukuheha umthengi, abakhiqizi banquma ukulungisa "iphutha" futhi baletha ama-subspecies amasha ezinhlobonhlobo ngombala obala kakhulu wesithelo. Kukhona ama-subspecies angaphezu kuka-20. Phakathi kwawo, incazelo ecacile kakhulu ekuchazeni kwazo izihlahla ze-apula yizinhlobo: "Gala Mast", "i-Royal Gala", "i-Mondial Gala".
"Gala Mast" (noma iNdlovukazi yaseRegal) yasungulwa nguN. Fulvord eHastings (eNew Zealand). Lena yi-subspecies ethandwa kakhulu futhi iningi kakhulu, ephethe umbala obala. Uboya obomvu obomvu we-apula uthatha yonke indawo yesithelo. 
Kubalulekile! Ama-apula athola umbala wabo obala kuphela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
Izithelo ezingu-80% ezilinganisweni zazo zifinyelela ku-170 amagremu, futhi ububanzi buyi-70 mm. Lona okuhlukahlukene okuthembisayo kokusetshenziswa kwemboni.
"I-Mondial Gala" (noma "i-Imperial Gala") - yaqaliswa ngo-1978 nguDkt. Mitchell. I-subspecies enombala ogcwele ngokwengeziwe, ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ama-apula abe nombala obala noma ahlanganiswe nemivimbo engabonakali. Isici se-subspecies yizithelo zemilo ehlangene. 
"I-Royal Gala" (noma "i-Tenra") - yaqaliswa ngo-1973 nguT. Howe eMatamata (eNew Zealand). I-subspecies ifana ne "Gala", kodwa inombala okhudlwana futhi obala kakhulu. Izithelo zinefomu elinqunywe nge-cone. Kwakuyi-apula ye "Royal Gala" eyatshala izitshalo ezimbonini eYurophu nase-USA. 
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izinzuzo ze- "Gala":
- ukunakekelwa okungazenzisi;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ukunambitha okuhle kakhulu;
- amancane amancane;
- impilo ende ende;
- ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezithelo.
Uyazi? I-Apple tree eGrisi lasendulo yayibhekwa njengesihlahla esingcwele se-Apollo, futhi i-apple yabizwa ngegama layo - ngesiNgisi "i-apple".
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi, ukuhlukahluka kunezimo ezithile.
- ubusika obunzima obusika;
- ukulawula i-ovari;
- fruiting engalingani;
- umbala ogqamile wezithelo;
- ukutholakala kwezifo ezithile nezinambuzane.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene "Gala" zifanele ukukhula emazingeni ahlanzekile ngamahora afudumele. Uhlukumezekile ekunakekeleni, kodwa kudinga ukunamathela kumasu akhethekile wobunjiniyela bezolimo. Ngokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi, ukuhlukahluka kugcina isivuno esikhulu. "Gala" ayimelana nezifo eziningi, kodwa ijwayele ukuhlasela kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinambuzane.
