I-Viticulture ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kakhulu kunalezo ezenziwe ngokwesiko iwayini, ineminyaka engaba ngamashumi amabili. Amashumi amabili eminyaka ayilutho uma kuqhathaniswa namasiko aseminyakeni eyikhulu futhi ngisho naneminyaka eyedlule yokulima umvini eningizimu yeYurophu, iMedithera noma iCaucasus, ngakho-ke, abalimi abaqalayo banemibuzo eminingana, omunye wabo ngokuxhunyelelwa.
Ukuqondiswa kokuxhunyelelwa
Emafektini okutshala izingadi, ezindaweni zokugcina izingane nasezitolo, izinhlobo eziningi ezithwele izimpande ezinezimpawu ezinhle manje sezethululiwe; ukusika kugxilwe ngokuphelele: ngakho-ke kungani usebenzisa ukuxhunyelelwa? Ake sithi, eYurophu, bekungenzeka ukuthi kumiswe ukuhlaselwa kwama-aphid wamagilebhisi - i-phylloxera, evela ezweni laseMelika, ngokugoma izinhlobo zasendaweni ezitokisini zaseMelika ezingamelana nalesi sinambuzane. Isishayo esinjalo asesabi i-latitude yethu, khona-ke yiluphi usizo olungatholakala?
Umuthi wokugomela usiza owina winemaker kula maphuzu alandelayo:
- gwema ukukhipha isihlahla, esilahlekelwe ngokuphelele amahlumela (ngenxa yesithwathwa, ukuguga, ukulimala kwamagundane, njll.), futhi ubuyisele umqhele phakathi nezikhathi ezimbalwa zonyaka;
- sakaza ngokushesha izinhlobo ezingenakufinyeleleka, ezingandile noma ezibizayo;
- faka esikhundleni sokukhubazeka noma esidumazayo esisha usebenzisa uhlelo lwempande olwaluvele lusethukile;
- ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwezifo;
- khulisa ubusika besivini sasebusika usebenzisa amasheya amelana nokubanda;
- khuphula ukubekezelela kwezinye izinhlobo kunhlabathi engafanele - i-acidic ngokweqile, i-calcareous, i-arid noma, ngokuhlukile, ngezinga eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi komhlaba;
- ukuthola izitshalo zangaphambili, ukutshala ezitokisini zezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa - lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho;
- dala izihlahla zomndeni ezihlanganisa amahlumela ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile empandeni eyodwa - lokhu akugcini nje ngokusindisa isikhala, kodwa futhi kubukeka njengokuhlobisa kakhulu;
- ngezinga elithile ngcono izici zokuthengiswa kwamajikijolo: inhlanganisela ethile yesitoko ne-scion kungathinta ukunambitheka nosayizi wamagilebhisi.
Ama-aphid amagilebhisi aholela ekuxhunyelweni kwezivini eYurophu
Ngemuva kokufunda uhlu olunjalo oluhlaba umxhwele lwezinzuzo, abaxhasi abaningi be wayini bazothola injabulo yokuqala ngokuxhunyelelwa ngokushesha, kepha ukuxhunyelelwa kwamagilebhisi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezihlahla zezithelo. Okokuqala, ungakhohlwa ngomqondo obaluleke njengobulungu, noma ukuhambisana kwesitoko ne-scion:
- Isitoko yisisekelo sesihlahla sezithelo, bese-ke kulokho okutshaliwe. Uhlobo lohlelo lwempande, ukumelana kwesitshalo kwezifo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zangaphandle (ukubanda, isomiso, inhlabathi engathandeki), kanye nezimpawu zezithelo (usayizi, isivinini sokuvuthwa, njll.) Kuncike ezimweni zalo. I-Rootstock ihlela ukondleka nokukhula.
- I-Prioya - isiqu noma izinso, ezihlanganiswe ngesiphunzi, zinquma ikhwalithi yokuhluka kwezithelo nokukhiqiza.
Ekubambeni hhayi esikhathini esidlule embozwe i-viticulture, isihloko sobulungu bezinhlobo zasendaweni asifundiswanga kahle, izincomo ezingalingani zinikezwa amaqembu ngamanye ezinhlobonhlobo, ngoba iningi lazo linokungabaza okuningi kanye nezingxabano. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuzilungiselela izivivinyo ezibandakanya ukwehluleka nokutholwa okujabulisayo.
Izindlela Zokungenisa Amagilebhisi
Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amagilebhisi bufana nakwezinye izihlahla zezithelo:
- hlukanisa / hlukana
- ukukopisha okulula
- ukukopisha okuthuthukile,
- ukuqunjelwa iso,
- on spike omegoobrazny nabanye.
Lezi izindlela lapho izingxenye zesitoko ne-scion zisikwa futhi zisetshenziswa komunye nomunye. Abalimi abaningi bahlala besebenzisa ezilula kunazo zonke - ukukopisha nokuhlukanisa, futhi banelisekile ngomphumela: kungalezi zindlela ukuthi kufanele uqale ufunde ukuthi ungagoma kanjani. Ngakho-ke, ikhophi elula iyatholakala kunoma ngubani owaziyo ukuphatha ummese obukhali:
Konke kulula kakhulu: sinquma, sixhuma, silungisa
Kunezimfihlo ezintathu zokuphumelela:
- ububanzi obufanayo be-scion kanye nesitoko;
- obukhali futhi obuhlanzekile (kuze kufinyelele kwisibeletho) ummese - wonke amathuluzi okugoma kumele ahlanzeke ukuze kugwemeke ukutheleleka kwezilonda ngamagciwane noma isikhunta;
- ukuhlangana kwezingqimba ze-cambial emhlanganweni wokugoma.
Isigaba sokugcina sidinga ukucaciswa. Cabanga ukwakheka kwesibambo:
ICambium - ungqimba omncane obonakalayo ngaphansi kwamagxolo esihlahla
I-cambium, okubuye ibe ungqimba lwe-cambial, iyisicaba, ishelelayo esakhiweni esithinta esingasithola ngokususa amagxolo esihlahleni. Nguyena obhekele ukukhula kwamahlumela ebusheni kanye nasekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi edlisa isitshalo. I-cambium isebenza kakhulu entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap, echaza imigomo ethandwa kakhulu yasentwasahlobo. Ekuxhumaneni, izingqimba ze-cambial zesitoko ne-scion zikhula ndawonye zibe yinto eyodwa (yakha ukuhlangana), futhi ukwakheka kwemikhumbi ejwayelekile kuyaqala: ukondliwa kumiswa esitshalweni esihlanganisiwe, futhi ama-buds aqala ukukhula. Ngakho-ke, ukuthintana ne-cambium okungenani ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-junction kuyimfuneko.
Ukukopisha okuthuthukisiwe - indlela enikeza ukulungisa okuthembekile okwengeziwe kwama-cuttings. Esiqeshini, okuthiwa ulimi olugcina i-scion ingashabalali ekunyakazeni okuncane kokuhlangana:
Umzamo omncane xaxa - ne-scion iqondiswe ngokuthembekile ngokwengeziwe
Ukuhlangana kwanoma yimuphi umuthi wokugomela kuhlala kuhleliwe ngefilimu (ngesinye isikhathi futhi ngethayi kagesi), futhi ingxenye engenhla ye-scion imbozwe nge-varnish yengadi noma i-waxed.
Ukwehlukanisa ngokuxhunyelelwa nakho kuyathandwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu ufakwa kusiphunzi sesigaxa sokujula okungama-3-5 cm, futhi uma ubukhulu besiphunzi buvumela ukusikwa okubili okubili-kathathu (isb. Okunama-buds amabili noma amathathu), okucijile nge-wedge. Izendlalelo ze-cambial lapha kufanele zithinte emaphethelweni we-splinter. I-cleavage idonswa kanye ne-twine, ihlanganiswa ngefilimu, i-waxed noma ihlanganiswe nobumba:
Uma ububanzi besitoko buvumela, ukuxhunyelelwa okubili ngokuxhunyelelwa ngasikhathi sinye
Kungale ndlela lapho amagilebhisi ehlanganiswa kabusha kaningi - lokhu ngukuxhunyelelwa kwesitshalo esidala ukuze kuvuselelwe kabusha noma kuguqulwe ngokuphelele izinhlobonhlobo. Izinzuzo zalo eziphambili ukutholwa okusheshayo kwesitshalo esisha kanye nokungabikho kwesidingo sokuchitha imizamo ukukhipha impande endala, esizeni lapho, ngaphezu kwalokho, kungathandeki ukutshala isitshalo esifanayo iminyaka eminingana kamuva (okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhathala kwenhlabathi). Ngasikhathi sinye, zifakwa kwi-stem noma empandeni.
Umuntu ngeke ehluleke ukusho leyo ndlela njengokuqwayiza kwamehlo - futhi nekhono elithandwayo, kepha elinobuhlungu kakhulu, elidinga ikhono. Ngasikhathi sinye, inso elinengxenye yamagxolo kanye ne-cambium lisikiwe kusuka kokuxhunyelelwa futhi lifakwa emgqonyeni we-T-bark ebhlokeni lesiphunzi. Ngemuva kokukhula kwe-scion, isiphungumithi esingaphezulu kwesinso esihlanganisiwe sisikiwe:
Kuyadingeka ukusika ngokucophelela ihlumela le-scion bese ulibeka ngaphansi kwamagxolo esitokweni
Njengoba usutholile ulwazi lokugoma oluphumelelayo ngalezi zindlela, ungaqala ukwazi kahle imigomo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu echazwa kalula ngabatshali abanolwazi kulezi zinkundla.
Kodwa-ke, imiphumela elula nemiphumela emihle nayo ithenjiswa ukukhangiswa kwama secateurs okuxhunyelelwa, okuvumela ukuthi imidwebo ifakwe kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-omegoobrazny spike. Kodwa-ke, kunemibono engemihle ngabo:
Le divayisi ithoyizi abalandeli abathi, nganoma yisiphi isidingo, badinga ukwenza imigomo engamakhulu amaningana “yokumbiwa” - esitokisini esifanayo nes scion. Uma kuthinta ukwenza okuxhunyelelwayo, khona-ke konke kuhlukile ... Nobukhulu, nobukhulu, nokuqina ... Ukulola isihlahla esinjalo kuyinkinga. Leyo miphetho yokusika eqondile isengakwazi ukucijiswa, futhi insimbi egobile ayinakwenzeka ngokwesisekelo, kungasaphathwa ukuqeda ukuhlela ngebhande lesikhumba nge-GoI paste.
Nikolajvse-o-vinogradnoy-loze-koroleve-sada-3987.html
... namandla amandla wokugoma nawo aphansi. Sine imigomo ejwayelekile yokusikwa ende nolimi, izophula umoya, inyoni eyi-gadget izohlala phansi, kepha akudingeki ukuba sikhulume ngokuqina kwamandla. I-IMHO, ikopela lokhu. Yize le ndaba iqinisile inkosi.
Ngeke ngithi//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=16379
Ngakwesokudla kukhona isampula yokusika ephethwe ngama secateurs
Ngakho-ke, izindlela zakudala zisabonakala zithembekile futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo.
Ukulungiselela izinto zokugoma
Imisetshenzana eminingi yamagilebhisi, ezochazwa ngezansi, idinga ukusikwa kusuka amahlumela anonyaka anciphile. Ukuthengwa kwalowo okubizwa ngokuthi Ukuvivinya umzimba kweChubuk ekwindla. Khetha amahlumela we-brown brown aqinile ahlanzekile onesilinganiso esingu-6-12 mm. Kwa-Chubuk, bathatha ingxenye ephakathi yehlumela, benza ukusikeka ngakuma-internode amasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka emehlweni. Ubude obulungile buphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-35-55. Isiqu sihlanza amaqabunga, izimpondo, silondoloze izinso. Izingxenye zingafakwa izintambo ukuvikela ukoma. Gcina izikhala kuze kube ngokuxhunyelelwa emgodini ngesihlabathi ekujuleni okungama-60 cm endaweni, usimboza ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, noma esiseleni noma esiqandisini - ebhokisini lesihlabathi noma ebhodleleni lepulasitiki. Izinga lokushisa elihle liba ngu-0 ° C.
Indlela ehehayo futhi elula yokugcina izingcwecwe esiqandisini - ebhodleleni lepulasitiki
Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokugoma, ukusikwa kususwa endaweni yokugcina izimpahla, kuhlungwe, kufakwe emanzini izinsuku ezi-2, kancane kancane kukhuphule izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-10-15 ° C liye ku-25-28 ° C. Uju (1 tbsp. L nge-10 l lamanzi) noma i-heteroauxin (0,2-0,5 g nge-10 l) livame ukungezwa emanzini; ukubulala amagciwane kusisombululo se-potanganum permanganate (0.15-0.2 g / l) kungaqhutshwa. Ngemuva kwalokho bancipha baba yizikhafu ezinamehlo amabili, okwenza izingxenye ezingenhla zingu-1-2 cm kusuka ezinso, kanti eziphansi zingu-4-5 cm kuma-internode.
Ukugonywa kwamagilebhisi ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka: izinsuku, izinhlobo nezindlela
Ungatshala amagilebhisi unyaka wonke - ngisho nasebusika. Kepha kwisizini ngayinye, izinhlobo nezindlela zokugoma zizohluka. Okokuqala, imigomo ihlukaniswe ibe luhlaza nedeskithophu: eyokuqala ifaka izinqubo ezenziwa kwisitshalo esinezimpande kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvuka kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga ewa, ukugoma kwetafula kwenziwa ebusika ngokususa ngokunqenqemeni ukusika esikhathini esimanzi ukuze kutshalwe okusakhula kuwo vele.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemidwebo eluhlaza yamagilebhisi, ngokuya ngezimpawu zesitoko ne-scion kanye nendawo lapho okunamathiselwe khona. Ukuma:
- ngokuxhunyelelwa ezomvini;
- ngokuxhunyelelwa empandeni;
- ngokuxhunyelelwa kwamagilebhisi amnyama kumnyama;
- ngokuxhunyelelwa zomvini oluhlaza kube luhlaza;
- ngokuxhunyelelwa zomvini omnyama kuya kokuluhlaza.
Bheka ukuthi yimiphi isikhathi sonyaka esifanele, futhi yimiphi imithetho yokusebenzisa kwayo.
Grape ngokuxhunyelelwa entwasahlobo
Ukuxhunyelelwa entwasahlobo yikho okuthandwa kakhulu. Izinsuku ezinconyiwe ziyiminyaka eyishumi kaMeyi nonyaka kaMeyi. Lolu uhla olubanzi, ngoba okokuqala kufanele ungagxili kukhalenda, kodwa kuzimo zokushisa nesimo se-bush:
- izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-15 ° С, futhi inhlabathi ingabi ngaphansi kuka-10 ° С, noma kunjalo ukushisa nelanga elinamandla kufanele kugwenywe;
- emvinini kufanele kuqale ukuphuma kokuncipha, noma ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwezidleke zezinyosi - lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa kokuvuthwa kwesitoko.
Entwasahlobo, basebenzisa umuthi wokugoma obumnyama nomnyama ngezihlahla ezisikiwe kusuka ekwindla. Ungafaka amahlumela ngamanye ahlobene esihlahleni esidala, izithombo zezithombo ezikhulile, kanye nokuxhunyelelwa kabusha kusiqu, noma kunjalo, lokhu okuvame ukwenziwa kaningi ekwindla, ngakho-ke sizokuchaza ngezansi.
Ubukhulu bokunqubo kule nkathi yisidingo sokuthola indawo yokukhosela elula yendawo yokugoma elangeni kanye nesithwathwa esibandayo, ikakhulukazi uma umsebenzi wokuxhunyelelwa uqala ukukhula ngaphambi kwesitoko. Futhi, ukwenza ngcono ukuphuma kwe-sap, ukuthambisa okuningi kwesihlahla ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokugonywa kunconywa.
Ukugoma kwentwasahlobo okumnyama kuya kokumnyama kukhuphuke ngempumelelo
Ividiyo: Ukuxhunyelelwa kwamagilebhisi amnyama kuya kumnyama entwasahlobo
Vaccinations Vineyard Ehlobo
Isikhathi sasehlobo (ngoJuni-ekuqaleni kukaJulayi) imigomo ivunyelwe esimweni sezulu esipholile nesinomswakama. Faka in green kakhulukazi eluhlaza okotshani noma emnyama kokuluhlaza. Ama-sculls, ngokulandelana, asetshenziselwa ukuvuna ekwindla noma kusikiwe okusha. Ungahlangabezana nesincomo sokungasebenzisi i-polyethylene ukugoqa ekugonyeni ehlobo, kepha ukusonga indawo yokuhlangana ngendwangu emanzi bese uyimboza ngesikhwama nomthunzi ngaphezulu ukuze ulondoloze umswakama ophezulu. Lokhu akuyona into elula kakhulu, kepha singasetshenziswa uma indlela yendabuko nefilimu inganikeli imiphumela yesimo sezulu esomile.
Ukugoma kwehlobo okudumile okuluhlaza kuya kuluhlaza
Ukuxhunyelelwa okuluhlaza kuya kokuluhlaza eluhlaza uhlobo oluyisisekelo, olulula futhi olusheshayo lwehlobo lokuxhunyelelwa kwamagilebhisi olungadingi ukulungiswa kwangaphambili. Izimbambo ze-scion ziyanqunywa futhi ngokushesha zixhunyelelwe esihlahleni sezimpande nganoma iyiphi indlela evamile, imvamisa ngokukopisha. Into esemqoka ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nokugwema ukoma kwezingcezu. Futhi, ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka komswakama, amaqabunga asikiwe kokuxhunywa anqunywa ngesigamu.
Ividiyo: Ukuxhunyelelwa kwamagilebhisi aluhlaza kube luhlaza
Ukugonywa kwamagilebhisi amnyama naluhlaza kwenziwa ngoJuni noma ngoMeyi, ngoMeyi, ukusika obekulondolozwe kusuka ekwindla emahlumela amagilebhisi akhule ekukhuleni agcinwa kusuka ekwindla. Akuthathwa njengokugoma okusebenzayo kakhulu, ngoba imibuso ye-scion kanye ne-stock ayihlukile, kepha le ndlela futhi inabaxhasi.
Ividiyo: Ukuxhunyelelwa kwamagilebhisi kumnyama kuya kokuluhlaza
Ukugonywa kwamagilebhisi ekwindla kuleveli esejwayelekile nezimpande
Indlela yokuwa yokugibela ethandwa kakhulu ukugoma ngokuxhunyelelwa usebenzisa indlela yokuhlukanisa ukuze uvuselele isihlahla esidala. Kudinga ukulungiselela ngokucophelela isiqu nendawo yokuhlala enhle ebusika. Kwenziwa ngo-Okthoba-Novemba ngamazinga okushisa acishe abe ngu-15 ° C ngomugqa wamaviki ama-2-3 ngaphambi kwamaqandeni.
Ekhuluma ngalezi zinhlobo zokugoma, kufanele kuqashelwe okokuqala ukuthi emibhalweni eminingi ye-Intanethi imiqondo yokugomela esiqwini nezimpande isetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kuyilapho kwezinye isiqu sisho ingxenye yezindiza (kuze kufike ku-10-15 cm ngaphezu kwempande), futhi ngaphansi kwesiphuphu sendawo. ifihlwe ngaphansi komhlaba kuya ekujuleni kwe-5-7cm ingxenye yesiqu. Eqinisweni, indlela yokugomela ezimweni ezinjalo ihluka kuphela ekuphakameni lapho kufakwa khona i-scion.
Ukugoma kusezingeni
Ukugoma kusezingeni kusetshenziswa uma ukuguqulwa kokudla izimpande kungathandeki, i.e. ukwakheka kwezimpande esikhungweni se-scion uma kwenzeka kuthintana nenhlabathi noma ibanga elincane kusuka kulo.
Ukugoma kwenziwa ngendlela ye-cleavage.
I-algorithm yezenzo imi kanje:
- Lungisa i-shtamb, uyisike endaweni ephakeme cishe ngo-10 cm emhlabathini futhi usule ngokucophelela indawo ebunjiwe.
- Ngethuluzi elihlanzekile, yenza uqhekeko lujule cishe ngo-3 cm.
- Esihlukweni esivela ezinhlangothini eziphikisanayo, faka ama-chubuk amabili anamehlo abukhali nge-wedge.
- Yelula uqhekeko nge-twine, usonge ngefilimu bese uyimboza ngebumba noma nge-varnish yensimu, uphinde uyijike elangeni noma uyimboze kusuka kusithwathwa, ngokuya ngokuthi ukugoma kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.
Ividiyo: Ukugonywa kwamagilebhisi kujwayelekile
Umuthi wokugoma
Ukutshala amagilebhisi engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba (i-cornstamb), yenza ukulandelana kwezenzo okulandelayo:
- Umhlaba ozungeze isiqu wembiwa ngokujula kwama-20 cm, amagxolo asendulo, izimpande ezingenalutho ziyasuswa, futhi isiqu ngokwaso sinqunywe ngo-6-8 cm ngaphezu kwendawo ephezulu.
- Kuqhekeka ukujula okungamasentimitha angama-5-6, lapho kufakwa khona izixha ezimbili ezilungisiwe zobubanzi obufanayo nobangaphandle bezinso.
- Ukuhlangana kuhlanganiswe nefilimu, i-putty futhi igonywe ngokucophelela umuthi wokugoma womhlaba ne-5-6 cm ngaphezulu kwamahlumela we-scion, bese iniselwa kahle.
- Ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu, i-embankment iyathukululwa, izimpande ezingaphezulu ze-scion namahlumela esitoko ziyasuswa.
- Eduzane nokuwa, ukuhlanganiswa kuyakhulwa, izinto zokugqoka ziyasuswa, izimpande ezingafuneki namahlumela zisuswa kaninginingi.
Uma kwenzeka wehluleka, ukuxhunyelelwa kwamagilebhisi empandeni kungaphindwa ngemuva konyaka, ukusika ifindo ngezansi.
Ividiyo: Ukuxhunyelelwa kwamagilebhisi eCornstamb
Ubusika kwetafula ngokuxhunyelelwa
Kwenziwa ngesithombo esisodwa noma seminyaka emibili noma ukusikwa (okuneengcambu ezalandela) kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Mashi ngokuhlukaniswa, ukulinganisa okulula / okuthuthukile, ukuqunjelwa kwamehlo, isipikili esimise okombala, njll. Ukulungiselela izinto zokwakha kuqala ekwindla ngokuya ngohlelo oluchaziwe, futhi esikhathini lapho zigcinwa ifriji noma isela.Lokhu kusebenza okulandelayo:
- Cishe izinsuku eziyishumi ngaphambi kokugoma, baqala ukulungiselela isitoko: bayayihlola, basuse ukukhula, bashiye amehlo amaningana, izimpande ezibunjiwe ziyasuswa, bese kuthi okuhle kufinyezwe ku-12-16 cm. Okulandelayo, ukudonsa kwamanzi ngezinsuku ezimbili kuyadingeka. Amasheya alungiselelwe abekwe ebhokisini elinesihlabathi esimanzi noma i-sawdust, embozwe ngesikhwama futhi ilethwe kumazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-22-24 ° C izinsuku ezingama-5-7.
Ngemuva kokugcotshwa, isitoko silinde ebhokisini ngesibhaxu esimanzi amahora amaningi, amehlo asevele avuvukala ngokubonakalayo
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5, lapho isitokhwe sesivele sesivuthiwe emabhokisini enziwe ngokhuni, kuza uchungechunge lwe-scion. AbakwaChubuki baphuma emakhazeni, babekelwe izinsuku ezingama-2-2 endaweni enomoya omanzi (sawdust noma moss). Ngemuva kwalokho ikota yobude ligxiliswa emanzini ekushiseni kwe-15-17 ° C izinsuku ezimbili. Kunconywa ukwengeza uju (1 tbsp. L nge-10 l lamanzi) noma i-heteroauxin (0,2-0,5 g nge-10 l), ukusikwa okubuthakathaka kuqiniswa ngokufakwa kwisisombululo se-potanganum permanganate (0.15-0.2 g / l). Izinga lokushisa ngalesi sikhathi lenyuka laya ku-25-28 ° C.
UChubuki ofakwe emanzini ngokufakwa kwama-bioactive noma ama-disinfectants
- Isitoko ne-scion sezilungile lapho amehlo evuvukele ku-1-1,5 cm. Amahlumela angavusiwe ayasuswa, ibunzi lifinyezwa yizinso ezimbili. Xhuma ukusikwa kobubanzi obufanayo, imvamisa ngokukopisha. Ngokulandelayo, ukuhlangana kusongelwe nge-polyethylene, kanti phezulu kwesibambo kumbozwe nge-varnish yasengadini, i-waxing ivunyelwe.
Lokhu ukusika emalungeni kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile nefilimu
- Ama-cuttings ahlanganisiwe afakwa ebhokisini eline-sawdust noma emaphaketheni ngengxube ye-peat futhi ashiywe endaweni efudumele ekhanyayo (25-28 ° C) amasonto ayi-2-3. Uma ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi ukusika kungakafiki, izikhala ezixhunyekiwe ziphinde zibekwe endaweni epholile ukuvikela ukukhula okwandayo. Lapho amazinga okushisa esethwe cishe ku-15 ° C, izingcezu zihanjiswa izinsuku ezimbili emoyeni, kuvuselelwa izinso nezimpande futhi kutshalwe emhlabathini.
Izilimo zaqala ukukhula futhi zilinde ukufika emhlabathini
Inzuzo yokugoma ideskithophu ingumphumela osheshayo: ngemuva kwamasonto amabili ungahlola impumelelo yomcimbi futhi, uma wehlulekile, uphinde uzame. Ukudonswa kwempahla kungabhekwa njengemali enkulu yomsebenzi kulungiswa kwezinto, isidingo sokwaba isikhala ngaphansi kwesitsha ngokusikwa egumbini.
Ividiyo: Ukuxhunyelelwa kwetafula zomvini ebusika
Ukunakekelwa Kwamagilebhisi
Iziphakamiso zokunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi ahlanganisiwe zifingqiwe ngokulandelayo:
- Indawo yokugoma, njengoba sekushiwo kaningi, kufanele imbozwe ngefilimu, i-waxing nayo kungenzeka, futhi ehlobo ngesimo sezulu esomile i-greenhouse evela esikhwameni ngeke ibe yinto enhle kakhulu.
- Amagilebhisi esiteji sokuxhunyelelwa inoculation adinga ukuthambisa ukuze kugcinwe ukugeleza okusebenzayo kwesiphuzo.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-antifungal kuyamukeleka ukuze kuvikeleke ukutheleleka kwezigaba.
- Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, le ngxenye iyavikeleka elangeni elishisayo, kuthi uma kugonywa ekwindla, ihlanzelwe ubusika, kodwa ngendlela yokuthi indawo yokukhosela ingehlukani ne-scion.
- Ukugoma okuluhlaza ehlobo kuntekenteke ikakhulukazi, kufanele kuvikelwe ekuqhekekeni ngengozi.
Ukugoma amagilebhisi kungaba nzima, ngaphandle kokuthi ukhetha izinketho zasehlobo ezisheshayo. Kuzodinga ukubekezela nesifiso esikhulu sokufunda kahle le nkimbinkimbi yalesi sayensi, ukuze ungakhathali ekuqaleni kwendlela futhi uthole isipiliyoni esivumela ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kokuxhunyelelwa esivinini sakho. Kepha umphumela ungaba intuthuko kanye nokutholwa ukuthi, ngenxa yesiko elincane lokuxhunyelelwa kwamagilebhisi ezindaweni zethu zokuhamba, kuzoba okuthakazelisa futhi kubaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wabaqalayo beviniga.
