Kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba uma ubona umuthi omncane we-apula futhi usho lokhu okushoyo, isithi, isilwane sethu sezilwane. Kodwa konke kuzocaca ngokushesha uma kubonakala ukuthi sikhuluma ngegama le-apple ethandwayo "i-Veteran". Sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-30, izinhlobo ze-apula zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziye zathandwa ngabalimi abaningi, kokubili emapulazini angasese nasemasimini amabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo. Ngomncintiswano ophezulu okhona phakathi kwenani eliqinile lezinhlobo zama-apula ezakhiwe ngabalimi, lokhu kusho okuningi.
Umlando wezinhlobo zokuzalanisa
Ngo-1961, abalimi baseSoviet bahlwanyela imbewu eyayivunyiwe emaapula aseMelika "King" emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuphela umuthi ngokwawo wonke owawukhona kulezi ezihlukahlukene. Futhi izithelo ezitholakale ngenxa yempova yemvelo, zithwala ngokwayo izakhi zezinye izihlahla ze-apula, lapho impova yalethwa khona izimbali ze "Nkosi." Ngenxa yalokho, inhlanganisela ephawulekayo yenzeke ngengozi, eyayiholwa imizamo yabalimi baseSoviet N. Krasova, uMika Mikheeva no-E. Sedov ukuvela kwezihlobo ezintsha zasebusika, ezahlukaniswa nezimfanelo ezibalulekile.
Uyazi? Kweminye imizi yaseJalimane, isiko lokutshala i-apula ngosuku lokuzalwa kwengane ligcinwe kuze kube yilolu suku. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngendlela ozokhula ngayo, ungathola ukuthi kwenzekeni komntwana.
Incazelo yomuthi
Ukubukeka nezici ze-apula "I-Veteran" zonke zilinganiselwe: ukukhula okungedluli kwamamitha amathathu, izinga lokukhula, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana nezifo, ukuqina komqhele, ubukhulu bezimbali, izithelo namaqabunga. Umqhele womuthi ungobuhle, futhi i-trunk namagatsha zidwetshwe kumbala obomvu obumbala.
Hlola izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla zama-apula: ama-Uralets, i-safari ye-Pepin, uMengameli, uMnqamulajuqu, Ubuhle Bashkir, i-Berkutovskoe, Imali, i-Sun, i-Synaph yaseNyakatho, i-Candy, Ranetki, Semerenko, Uslada noMelba.
Incazelo yezithelo
Kulezi ezihlukahlukene zasebusika, izithelo zivuthiwe futhi zifinyelele isisindo samagremu angu-160, nakuba ngesilinganiso silinganisela 100-140 amagremu. Izithelo zizungezile nge-flatness kancane futhi ngenhla encane.
Ikhasi lama-apula libushelelezi, libukeka sengathi lishaywa, futhi likhanya kancane. Umbala wesithelo ugolide-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onobuhle obubonakalayo ezinhlangothini. Inyama enomsoco we-apula ine-tint enemibala enhle kakhulu, iphunga elibuthakathaka kakhulu, kodwa ukunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu okumuncu. Imisebenzi ekuhloliseni ukunambitheka kwamaphuzu amahlanu angakunika izithelo ze- "Veteran" kumaphuzu angu-4.5. 
Kulezi apula, kunezinto eziningi ze-pectic, i-vitamin C, ushukela, ama-acids kanye nezinto ezisebenzayo ze-P, ezimo ezibandayo, kanye nezithelo ezingagcinwa kuze kube phakathi no-Mashi.
Izici ezihlukahlukene
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zasebusika nazo zingabhekwa ezinhlobonhlobo eziphakeme kakhulu zokunika izitshalo nezikhwama ze-skoroplodnyh ezifanele kakhulu ukulimala kakhulu. Umuthi we-apula "U-Veteran" uhlala, ngokulinganayo, kuze kube neminyaka engamashumi amane; kodwa, ngokunakekelwa kahle, kungaphila iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Abanini bezandla balimaza ikhono likaVeteran lokulwa nezilokazane nezifo njengendlela evamile. Lokho okushoyo ekusebenzeni kungabonakaliswa yisibonelo sesikhumba, esinye sezitha eziyingozi kakhulu ze-apula. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-apple tree "i-Veteran" imelana nokuhlukunyezwa kwalesi sifo, noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi sezulu eside, imithi iyawa, kanti lesi sihlahla singasithola lesi sifo. Esikhathini sezulu esimanzi, isifo se-fungal ngesimo se-powdery isikhunta singase sihlele esihlahleni se-apula.
Hlola imithetho yokuphatha isikhumba ema-apula.
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, lokhu kuhlukahluka kungavinjelwa kanye nabanye abaningi. I-apletho, i-hawthorn, i-pinworm, i-creeper, i-aphid, i-beetle ne-bark beetle nezinye izinambuzane eziningi ezivuthayo ezingenakulimaza kuphela amahlamvu, amagxolo nezithelo, zingalimaza i-apula, kodwa futhi zinciphise ukuqina kwesithwathwa somuthi, ukumelana nezifo nokukhiqiza.
Uma ufuna ukuvikela isitshalo sama-apula, funda ukuthi uzofafaza kanjani i-apula esihlahleni.
Ukumelana nesomiso nobunzima bebusika
Ukuncintisana kwama-frost kwalesi sihlahla nakho kuphakathi. Okungukuthi, ingakwazi ukumelana neqhwa, kodwa hhayi eqinile. 
Ngokuqondene nezidingo zomhlabathi umswakama nomoya, ngakho konke kunzima kakhulu. Njengoba sesishilo kakade, ukungena kwamanzi kunomthelela omkhulu ekwenzeni umuthi ukulwa nezifo. Kodwa-ke, ukungabi nomswakama nakho kuyathinta impilo ye-apula. Ngemuva kokutshala futhi ngesikhathi sokunakekela imithi yase-apula encane kufanele iphuze kakhulu. Emoyeni esomile, udinga ukuwasebenzisa kanye nezihlahla ezivuthiwe. Okuhle kakhulu kule ndlela yokufafaza kusihlwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngenkathi eyomile, umuthi we-apula ungase ulahlekelwe amaqabunga awo ngaphambi kwesimiso.
Uyazi? I-apula yokutshala yokuqala eRussia yavela ekhulwini le-XI ngaphansi kweJaroslav the Wise ensimini ye-Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Ama-apula avuthwe kahle ngokuphelela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, njengoba kuboniswa ukubonakala koboya obomvu-orange ehlangothini lwe-apula.
Ukuhluma nokuthela
Ekhuluma ngokungahambi kahle kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene, kusho ukuthi umuthi uqala ukuqala ukukhula iminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu emva kokutshala. Lapho uneminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-9 ubudala, i-apula ingaveza ama-kilogremu angu-60 esithelo esihlahleni, futhi isitshalo esivela ku-izitshalo ezindala singathola ama-80 kilogram.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu, funda indlela yokuthola i-apula ukuba ithele izithelo.
Ukuthutha nokugcina
Izithelo ze-apula yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyamangalisa ngokuzinza kwazo futhi zingaba endaweni epholile, zihlale esimweni esihle kuze kube phakathi no-Mashi. Uma kusetshenziswe kahle, okuqukethe ukufakwa kahle kwezithelo, ama-apula okubekezelela ukuhamba, okubuye ahlinzekwe isikhumba sabo esinomsoco futhi inyama enwebekile.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula zikhetha ukukhanya kwelanga, izikhala ezivulekile zokuphila kwayo okucebile, lapho kuphelelwa khona umoya wokushisa umoya kanye nokuvuna amanzi ngemuva kwemvula eningi. Lesi sihlahla asibekezelelani eduze kwezimpande zawo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ngoba kubangela kakhulu ukukhula komuthi ngokwawo kanye nokukwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo.
Ngokuba "i-Veteran" i-chernozem efaneleka kakhulu, kanye nenhlabathi enesihlabathi ne-loamy. 
Isikhathi esiphezulu nesiphakamiso sokuthutha sokunconywa
Ukutshala izihlahla zama-apple kungaba entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuphuza amahlumela noma ukuwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufika kwamaqhwa. Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukutshala ekwindla, bekholelwa ukuthi izithombo zithatha izimpande ngokwengeziwe.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, umgodi kufanele ulungiselelwe ekwindla, futhi ekwindla - kufanele idakwe inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngokuvamisekile, umgodi ugujwa ngaphandle kwefomu le cubic ngezinhlangothi zamasentimitha angama-80. Uma kukhona izithombo eziningana, isikhala phakathi kwezintambo kufanele sibe okungenani amamitha amane.
Khona-ke umgodi kufanele ugcwaliswe ngengxube ye-topsoil, humus, umquba, umlotha, kanye ne-superphosphate nomanyolo we-potashi ngamanani amagremu angamakhulu amabili kahle. Lapho umhlabathi wobumba kufanele wengezwe isihlabathi esinomhlabathi olinganayo ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo nomhlaba. Thela le ngxube, okumele ihlanganiswe, negama ukuze iphakame ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. 
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ungashisi izimpande zomuthi omncane, akudingekile ukuba ufake umanyolo we-lime kanye ne-nitrogen emhlabathini ngenkathi utshala.Ngemva kokuba umhlabathi usuphelile inyanga, imbewu ingahlwanyelwa, lapho izimbobo ezilingana nobukhulu bezimpande kufanele zilungiswe emigodini, futhi isigxobo kufanele sihanjiswe phakathi nendawo ye-garter yesithombo. Ukulala izimpande zomuthi, udinga ukudonsa kancane isiqu ukuze ususe i-void phakathi kwezimpande nomhlabathi.
Khona-ke umhlabathi ozungeza umgqomo kumele ube nokuhlanganiswa kancane, futhi ibhayili ngokwayo iboshelwe esigxotsheni. Ngemuva kwalokho, izithombo kufanele zichithe ngamanzi (i-pair of baskets) futhi zixubane nomquba. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, umsebenzi wokunisela kumele uphindwe. 
Izinsisekelo zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ukunakekela izihlahla ezincane kuqukethe ukuchelela okuvamile, ukukhula kwe-circle kwesihlahla, ukukhulula nokuxubha, nokufaka izihlahla, ukufaka umanyolo nokulungiselela umuthi ubusika.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuchelela ngesikhathi sama-apula kukwazi ukukhulisa umkhiqizo wabo ngamaphesenti angu-25-40. Ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezitshalwe futhi ezincane ezisesimweni esomile, udinga ukuthulula amabhakede amabili amanzi njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi, futhi udinga ukuphuza ama-apula avuthiwe izikhathi ezine ngenkathi: kuze kube amaqabunga aqhakaza, bese kuthi amasonto amabili emva kwezimbali ezimbali, bese kuthi amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwama-apula okokugcina ngo-Okthoba. Indlela ekhethwa kakhulu yokunisela iyofafaza.
Emva kokuchelela, qiniseka ukuthi ukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu, okuvumela ukuthi kungagcini nje ukugcina umswakama, kodwa futhi kusiza ukungenelela emoyeni ezimpandeni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuqeda ukhula. Ukwehliswa komuthi wesihlahla kufanele futhi kube yinkambiso edingekayo emva kokunisela. 
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Njengoba ukutshala kwezithombo emhlabathini sekuvele kugculiswe, ke phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokuqala, ungenza kuphela ukondla kwentwasahlobo yezihlahla zomquba. Futhi izihlahla ze-apula, ezivele zithela izithelo, zidinga ukufaka umanyolo wonyaka wonyaka ekwindla nge nitrogen, phosphate kanye nama-fertilizer umquba.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Ungaziboni ukubaluleka kwenqubo yokuguqula amagatsha ukuze kube nenhlalakahle yomuthi ngisho nokukwazi ukukhiqiza isivuno esikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusika izihlahla zemithi emifula entwasahlobo ngesikhathi esifanayo kungakhuthaza ngisho nokuqala kokuqala kwefruiting.
Ukunakekela isimo sempilo yomuthi kanye nokukwazi ukukhiqiza isivuno esikhulu, funda indlela yokulungisa kahle umuthi we-apula.Masinyane emva kokutshala umquba emhlabathini, izihlahla zokuqala ziqala. Amaqabunga amasha asele emagatsheni aphansi, futhi i-tip isusiwe esiqwini esikhulu. Emithini esevele isithela izithelo, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomqhele zikhishwa, lapho amagatsha omile, kanye namagatsha akhula, aqale kuqala. Ngenxa yalokho, ukutholakala kokukhanya kwelanga ezenzweni zokuvuthwa kunconywa kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Ungawunaki amagatsha aphansi emithi..
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuqala kwama-frosts okuqala, kubalulekile ukukhulula umbuthano we-trunk, ukuxubanise nomquba, u-peat noma u-sawdust nje, bese ubopha i-trunk ngokwayo ngemhlanga, iphepha lesikhumba noma impahla engadini engavunyelwe. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, isiqu somuthi we-apula osemusha uyasiza ukugcoba ngesisombululo sokuvuza, nomuthi omdala onesixazululo se-lime.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Apple
Izithelo ze-apula "I-Veteran" zisetshenziselwa kakhulu kwimenyu yomuntu. Bayajabula ukudla ngendlela yabo yemvelo, ngoba izinga eliphakeme (ngisho nangombono we-tasters ochwepheshe) ukunambitha kwala ma apula kakhulu abantu abangashiya ukunganaki. Kusukela ezithelo ze "Veteran" zitholakala izithelo ezomile kakhulu, kanye namaju. Kulungile kakhulu ukuphuma kulezi jamu jam, jams, jam kanye confectionery. 
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
Izinzuzo ze-apula zemithi izinhlobo "I-Veteran" zihlanganisa:
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ubuqili;
- isihlobo esivumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukunambitheka okukhulu kwezithelo;
- ikhono lama-apula wokugcina isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi;
- kulula ukunakekelwa komuthi.
- ukwesaba amaqhwa amakhulu;
- ukutholakala kobunzima ngesikhathi sezulu;
- amahlamvu okuwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula "Umkhuhlane wezilwane" iminyaka engaba ngu-30 yobukhona bayo futhi ngokumelene nesizinda somncintiswano omkhulu kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-apula azizange zilahlekelwe kuphela abalandeli bawo, kodwa futhi zaqinisa ubuholi bayo phakathi kwezinhlobo zasebusika ezindaweni ezibalimi kanye nasemasimini ase-agrofirms.
Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi mayelana nezinzuzo nezinzuzo zama-apula
Ngithanda ama-apula, mhlawumbe njengabanye abantu. Mina kanye nami bayakujabulela ukudla i-chinchilla yami nama-parrots. Ungadla ngobuningi futhi ngeke kubangele ukubola. Ngesinye isikhathi ngenza ijusi elisha le-apula, ngilixube negromegranate, isanqante, i-beetroot, njll. Kuphela kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuthenga i-apula lapho izimbungu ezincane zixazululwa khona, lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenawo ama-GMO futhi akuphathwe ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyosi. Muva nje, futhi futhi, njengoba ngifake ama-apula, ngilingwa yihle ngisho ... Ngangihlanza esinye sezikhumba futhi othile wangiphazamisa, ngokujwayelekile, ngikhohliwe nge-apula, ngikukhumbule ngezinsuku ezimbalwa kamuva - ngimangala, kubonakala sengathi isikhumba. Izimangaliso !!!I-Viola
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Ama-apula ngokwawo ayasiza kakhulu, kodwa angikaze ngiwathande ngaphambili. Ubaba uthatha ama-apula ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kokulala futhi abeke ngaphansi komcamelo, futhi ebusuku ubashaya ngaphandle kokuvula amehlo akhe, sasihleka ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho sengikhulelwe, lesi siko sabonakala nami. Ngangingakwazi ukulala ngaphandle kwe-apula, futhi ebusuku ngangidla ngokulangazela. Futhi yilokho engangikuqaphela: Ngangivame ukuba nezinkinga endlini yangasese, ngathola ukuthumba izinsuku ezintathu noma ezine, futhi manje ngisakwazi ukugijima endlini yangasese ekuseni, zonke izinkinga zami zanyamalala. Ngacabanga ukuthi uthando lwe-apula luzohambisana nokukhulelwa, kodwa akukho apula okwamanje, kodwa kancane kancane ebusuku) Ngizama ukudla i-apula ngaphambi kokulala, amathumbu aqala ukusebenza njengewashi.i-galausta
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