Ukutshalwa kwe-agrotechnical kwe-apula "i-Orlinka"

Ngokuvamile, abalimi banokukhetha okunzima kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula, kepha namanje bayeke emazweni onke, ngoba abathandeki ekunakekeleni kwabo futhi banesitshalo esiphezulu sekhwalithi.

Yiloluhlobo lwe-apula olubhekwa ngokuthi "i-Orlinka".

Okuqukethwe:

• Izici eziphilayo
• Incazelo yomuthi
• Incazelo yezithelo
• Ukuvota
• Isikhathi sokubeletha
• Ukuthela
• Ukuthutha nokugcina
• Ubusika obunzima
• Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
• Isicelo
• Imithetho yokutshala izithombo ze-apula
• Isikhathi esiphelele
• Ukukhetha indawo
• Ukulungiselela isayithi
• Ukulungiselela izithombo
• Inqubo kanye nohlelo
• Izici zokunakekelwa konyaka ngezihlahla ze-apula
• Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
• Umanyolo
• Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane
• Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
• Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza

Umlando wokuzala

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zavela ngo-1978 ngenxa yabalimi NG Krasovoi, uZ. M. Serova, E. N. Sedov, abasebenza eSikhungweni Sosayensi Sokuhlola Izitshalo Zokuzalisa Izithelo. Ukuze uzalise "i-Orlinki" izinhlobo "U-Salute wokuqala" no "Stark Erliest Prekos" zawela. Isivivinyo sombuso se-apula senzeke eminyakeni engu-16 emva kokudalwa kwezihlukahlukene.

Uyazi? I-apula elidala kakhulu elizala izithelo emhlabeni libhekwa njengesihlahla, esatshalwe ngo-1647 eMelika nguPeter Stewesant.

Izici eziphilayo

I-apple tree "i-Orlinka" ine incazelo ekhethekile eyokusiza ukuhlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo - ingabonakala esithombeni bese ufunda ezihlokweni eziningi zabalimi abanolwazi.

Incazelo yomuthi

Izihlahla ze-Apple zinamandla, zibe nomqhele oqinile futhi ohlangene. Amagatsha asuka esitokisini esisezingeni elifanele futhi afakwa ngokucophelela. Amagxolo emithi anemibala ephuzi kanye nesakhiwo esithandekayo.

Amahlumela anemibala eluhlaza, enobunzima obukhulu, obuthakathaka futhi obuncane. Amaqabunga amakhulu anomumo ohlangene ohlangene, ahlwanyelwe kakhulu emahlumela.

Hlola izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-apula njengoMedunitsa, Bogatyr, Spartan, iMantet, Lobo, Melba, ama-Uralets, i-Pepin Saffron, Imali, i-Orlik.

Imithi ye-apula ibonakala ngamaqabunga amakhulu omumo obomile ngokuphela okubukhali kanye nezinhlamvu ezinkulu. Leli qabunga li-opaque, li-pubescent, liphikisiwe futhi li-concave elincane. Isihlahla siphuzi sivame: Izimbali zikhula kusuka emanzini amakhulu, ahlangene, anemibala ebomvu ebomvu kanye nephunga elimnandi.

Incazelo yezithelo

Izithelo zomuthi ziyi-one-dimensional, ezungezwe ngesimo, ubukhulu obuphakathi - isisindo esingama-150 g, kodwa ngokuvamile zifinyelela ku-200 g. Isikhumba sama-apula sisincane kakhulu futhi sinombala, sinombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nombala ophuzi ngesikhathi sokuvuna.

Ngemuva kokuvuthwa okugcwele, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izithelo zibaphuzi embala, kanti uhlangothi olulodwa lubuthwe ngophutha olubomvu. Inyama yesithelo i-juicy, i-cream-colored, i-sweet with a mildness, imbewu ye-apula inobuncane futhi incane.

Ukuvota

Isihlahla se-apula "i-Orlinka" sizakhela futhi singaba umuthi omuhle wezinambuzane ezinjengokuthi "Melba", "Papirovka", "Pear".

Isikhathi sokubeletha

"I-Orlinka" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo zama-apula, kanti izithelo zivuthwe phakathi nokuphela kuka-Agasti.

Ukuthela

Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla ze-apula kuphezulu kakhulu ezihlukahlukene zehlobo: kungu-170 kg ngomuthi ngamunye ngenkathi.

Ukuthutha nokugcina

Ukuthuthwa kwama-apula kulezi ezihlukahlukene kunesilinganiso, ngoba impilo yeshalofu yifushane - kuze kufike enyangeni eyodwa, uma ngabe izinga lokushisa lilungile ukusuka ku-1 ° C kuya ku-8 ° C. Kunconywa ukugcina isivuno endaweni epholile emabhokisini enkuni.

Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuba ugcine ama-apula, udinga ukuhlola izithelo zomonakalo, ukugwema ukubola ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthutha nokulondoloza isikhathi sokuphila, izithelo ziphathwa ngamakhemikhali akhethekile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izidakamizwa ezinjalo azihlali zingenasici empilweni yabantu. Ukwandisa isikhathi sesitoreji sezithelo ekhaya, ungasebenzisa i-vermiculite, igcwele i-acetic acid, efafazwe phezulu kwe-apula emabhokisini.

Ubusika obunzima

Isihlahla se-Apple sibonakala ubusika-hardiness. Kungenzeka singasindisi amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu uma ubusika bungekho iqhwa, futhi emaceleni emaphakathi ebusika, i- "Olinka" akuyona into embi kakhulu.

Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane

Umuthi we-apula uthathwa njengokwemvelo ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezifana nezinambuzane, i-aphid eluhlaza. Inambuzane eyinhloko, evame ukuthinta lezi zihlukahlukene, i-scab.

Ukuze kuvikelwe izifo nezinambuzane, kunconywa ukuthi kuguqulwe iziqu nge-lime, ukumba imibuthano eseduze nesikhuni, ususe ukhula namashiya esivumelwaneni esiseduzane, ubhubhise amaqabunga awile, lapho amaqanda aphid avame ukuhlala ngesikhathi sokubusika.

Isicelo

Izithelo izinhlobo ze-apula "i-Orlinka" efanelekayo njengetshe noma emathinini. Ama-apula ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukukhipha ijusi, engadakwa ngokushesha, futhi athululelwe emanzini okugcina ngemuva kokukhanda.

Ijamu noma i-jam, okungenziwa futhi kusukela ku-"Orlinka", kuyophinde ibe yi-dessert enhle. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa okusha kwezithelo kubhekwa njengenzuzo kunazo zonke emzimbeni, ngoba zigcina izinto zazo ezizuzisayo, ezilahlekile ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa.

Lezi apula zivame ukusetshenziselwa i-avitaminosis, i-atherosclerosis, i-flu virus yeqembu A, futhi iphinde yanconywa kubantu abaye bahlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Uyazi? Kukhona izithelo ezibukeka ngokuphelele njenge-apula, kodwa ngaphakathi kungathi utamatisi. Ukuze uthole lesi simangaliso sokuzala, uMarkus Cobert wachitha iminyaka engu-20.

Imithetho yokutshala izithombo ze-apula

Ukuze umuthi we-apula uzizwe ukhululekile, uthuthuke futhi uthele izithelo, kubalulekile ukucabangela zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances uma ukhetha indawo, utshala izithombo futhi unakekele isitshalo.

Isikhathi esiphelele

I-apple yomuthi yalezi zihlukahlukene kufanele itshalwe entwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa seliqhekekile ngokuphelele, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi amahlumela angabanjwa, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lizoba ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C ngesikhathi semini, futhi umhlaba uzobe usufudumele kancane kancane.

Ungase futhi wenze inqubo yokutshala ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, ukuze umuthi ube nesikhathi sokuhlala phansi futhi uthuthuke ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa.

Ukukhetha indawo

Uma ukhetha indawo yokutshala i-apula udinga ukukhokha ngokukhethekile ukubonakala kahle komoya nokuqukethwe komswakama kwenhlabathi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhetha ukukhula ku-loamy, ngesihlabathi, ku-leached chernozem.

Uma kwenzeka ukukhulelwa ngonyaka, i-apula iyothola izimpande emhlabathini onesihlabathi. Futhi, isihlahla sama-apula asibekezelelisi inhlabathi e-acidikhi, i-asidi kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwe-pH 5.5-6.0. Umuthi uthanda ukukhula endaweni ekhanyisiwe, ngoba emthunzini kunethuba lokunciphisa isivuno kanye nokuqukethwe ushukela wama-apula.

Futhi, i-apula ayikubekezeli amanzi anele, ngakho-ke, ngokusongelwa kwezikhukhula, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi amaningi noma ukufika ezindaweni eziphakanyisiwe. Izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-2.5.

Ukulungiselela isayithi

Uma ukutshala kwezithombo kuhlelwe entwasahlobo, ukulungiswa komgodi kufanele kwenzeke emavikini amabili, kanti uma sekuwa, ukulungiselela kufanele kuqale ngenyanga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bamba imbobo eyi-100x70 cm. Umhlaba ugoba futhi uhlakazeke kancane kancane ezinhlangothini ezimbili - kwifilimu ye-polyethylene elungiselelwe ukuze uhlangothi olulodwa lushiye ingxenye engxenyeni engenhla yomhlaba, kanti enye - ungqimba olungezansi.

Hlola umgodi olungiselelwe: uma kunezimpande ezingapheli, kumele zisuswe. Ngaphansi kwegodi kuyadingeka ukumba phansi noma ukuyikhulula kahle ngosizo lwe-scrap.

Ukulungiselela izithombo

Izitshalo ngaphambi kokutshala zincoma ukungena emanzini ukuze zibuyisele umswakama olahlekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, impande yesitshalo igcinwa emanzini usuku.

Hlola izimpande zesitshalo: uma kukhona izingxenye ezithintekile noma ezomile ezithintekile ezimpandeni, kumele zisuswe ngommese obukhali noma i-pruner ukuze kuphela izimpande ezinempilo nezigcwele.

Inqubo kanye nohlelo

Inqubo yokutshala i-apula kanje:

1. Okokuqala, ama-fertilizer ephilayo kufanele asetshenziswe phansi emgodini, njenge-manure okuvuthiwe noma izinkukhu ze-inkukhu ezixubene no-½ emhlabathini kusukela ungqimba olungezansi.
2. Bese uthele yonke inhlabathi ibe phakathi nendawo egquma lapho ubeka khona izithombo ukuze izimpande zibekwe ngokukhululekile eceleni komfula.
3. Gcwalisa umgodi wokutshala ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba, bese uqhathanisa ngezinyawo zakho.
4. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuthi intamo impande ingu-4 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
5. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukubopha isithombo kumsizi, ohleliwe emhlabathini kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-1.
6. Ngemuva kokuqhutshwa okwenziwe, isiyingi esiseduzane siniselwa ngamanzi amabhakede amabili kancane kancane ukuze amanzi agxilwe kahle.

Uhlelo lokutshala izithombo: ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla ezivuthiwe kufanele libe okungenani ngamamitha ama-2.5, ngakho-ke, izithombo kufanele zitshalwe kude kumamitha amahlanu kuya kwangu-6 ukusuka komunye nomunye.

Izici zokunakekelwa konyaka ngezihlahla ze-apula

I-Apple "i-Orlinka" inezinye izici hhayi nje ekusebenzeni kokutshala, kodwa futhi ekunakekeleni isitshalo, ngakho-ke lokhu kuzomele kucatshangelwe ukuze kulungiselelwe izimo ezifanele kulezi zinhlobonhlobo.

Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi

Eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu yokuqala, izithombo ezincane kudingeka ziphuze njalo. Ehlobo, ukuchelela kwenziwa kanye ngenyanga, besebenzisa amabhakede angama-4 ngesikhathi.

Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi lapho utshalwa enhlabathini enhlabathini, ama-apple kufanele aphuze ngamanzi afanayo kanye ngesonto.

Lapho umuthi we-apula ukhula, unyaka ngamunye inani lamanzi likhuphuka - kuze kube neminyaka engu-3 ubudala, ama-basketsheni angama-3-4 aphuziswa, bese-ke, kusukela eminyakeni engama-4, inani lamanzi likhuphuka ngamabhakede angu-1.

Izihlahla ze-apula ezivuthiwe zidinga ukuchelela njalo:

• ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze;
• lapho umuthi usuphelile;
• inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuvuna;
• inyanga eyodwa emva kokukhetha ama-apula;
• ngesikhathi sokuwa kwamahlamvu.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi awukwazi ukuwasebenzisa ama-apula ngesikhathi sokuvuna, njengoba izithelo zigcwele umswakama owedlule, okungalungile isikhathi sabo sokugcina.

Ukuze umuthi we-apula uthuthuke kahle, kubalulekile ukugcina umjikelezo okolostvolny uhlanzekile njalo, okungukuthi, ukususa ukhula.

Njengoba sinikezwe ukuthi uhlelo lwempande lomuthi omncane we-apula lujulile, singasusa ukhula nge-hoe noma nje siphume ngezandla zethu.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlabathi lapho kutholakala khona izimpande zomuthi we-apula, ngomoya omuhle wokuphefumula, kunconywa ukuba ukhulule njalo umhlabathi. Ukwenza lokhu, kunconywa ukumba umhlabathi eduze kwe-apula entwasahlobo nasekwindla.

Ukuncintisana kunconywa ukuba kufeze izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka ngemuva kokukhipha inhlabathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa utshani, ama-humus, amaqabunga, i-peat. Ubuningi bombhede kufanele bube ngu-5 cm. Ukuxubungula kusiza ukugwema ukoma emhlabathini nokubunjwa kwe-crust, kugcina umswakama okudingekayo futhi kunomthelela ekuphefumuleni okungcono.

Umanyolo

Ukukhipha isici sokunakekela i-apula "i-Orlink", kubalulekile ukukhokha ngokukhethekile ukucatshangelwa kokugqoka. Izihlahla ze-apula ezincane zondliwa nge-urea ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (10 amalitha amanzi, 2 wezipuni).

Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-fertilizer foliar, njenge "Ideal" noma i-sodium humate (ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi, isipuni 1 somanyolo). Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, izimpande-ukufaka umanyolo zenziwa ngamanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium (ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi, isipuni 1 sokugqoka phezulu).

Lapho umuthi ungena esikhathini sokuhluma, udinga ukondla izikhathi ezine ngonyaka:

1. Ngo-Ephreli, ngesikhathi entwasahlobo yokugubha isikhathi, 0.5 kg we-urea ithululelwa emthini ngamunye.
2. Uma i-apula iqala ukuqhakaza, kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-superphosphate yamanzi - 100 g, urea - 50 g kanye ne-potassium sulphate - 80 g, engeniswa izinsuku ezingu-7 ema-20 amalitha amanzi futhi abekwe ngaphansi komuthi ngamunye.
3. Isicelo sokufaka umanyolo esilandelayo senziwa lapho i-apula ikhula. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-100 g ye-nitrophoska ne-2 g ye-potassium humate ifakwa ema-alitha angu-20 amanzi.
4. Ukugqoka okokugcina kwenziwa uma sonke isivuno sivuna. Ukuze umanyolo, ibhakede le-humus lisetshenziswe ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, 300 g we-superphosphate ne-potassium sulphate.

Kubalulekile! Lapho kusetshenziselwa umquba omisiwe, kufanele uhlanganiswe emhlabathini kuze kufike phansi kwe-bayonet.

Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane

Ukuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo ukuthi zingathinti umuthi we-apula, izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zithathwe: izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali asetshenziselwa le njongo.

Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu "i-Orlinki" ziyi:

• i-moth;
• i-aphid;
• ukudla imbali;
• sawfly;
• schitovka.

Ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane kukhona izidakamizwa ezifanele njengeMetaphos, iKarbofos, iClorofos. Zisetshenziselwa ukupuniza ngokulandela imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-apula yizi:

• isikhumba - i-fungus ethinta isitshalo ngenxa yobuningi bomhlabathi obuningi nokuntuleka kwe-oxygen emhlabathini. I-Bordeaux liquid and oxychloride yethusi isetshenziselwa ukulawula isikhumba;
• i-powdery isikhutha iyisifo sofuba esithinta isitshalo. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Scor noma i-Topaz.

Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele

Ngemva konyaka emva kokutshala, izithombo ze-apula (ngonyaka wesibili) ziqala ukwakha umqhele. Kubalulekile ukuhlola izitshalo endaweni ye-shtamba: phambi kwamagatsha namagatsha akhula, ingxenye yokukhula konyaka odlule isuswe yiyesithathu.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokusika izihlahla ze-apula.

Le nqubo iyisisusa sokukhula kwamahlumela amasha, akhula eceleni futhi anciphise ukukhula kwamagatsha ukuphakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusika izihlahla ngonyaka, kubalulekile ukususa amagatsha endala ngesithathu ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha nokuthuthukiswa kwezimbali.

Kubalulekile futhi ukusika amagatsha omile nezifo nezihlumela ezikhula ngokuqondile noma ngaphakathi komqhele wesihlahla. Emva kokukhipha ingxenye yamagatsha, kuyadingeka ukuvala ukusikeka nge-pitch pitch.

Ngenxa yezihlahla ezivuthiwe nezivuthiwe, izihlahla zithela izithelo kahle, kanti isikhathi sokuphila kwazo sinyanyiswa kakhulu.

Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza

Inkinga evame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubanda ubusika kwezihlahla ze-apula kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa kwama-rodent, okuyinto ekusetshenzisweni kokufuna ukudla ukuthoba amagxolo ezihlahla. Kudingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele ekupheleni kukaNovemba, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liwela ngaphansi kwe-zero.

Ukuze ugqugquzele isitshalo futhi uvikele i-trunk kusuka kumagundane, kunconywa ukugoqa phansi kwesiqu nge-fir grove. Kudingekile ukubopha amagatsha amhlophe nge-capron izintambo ku-trunk endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1.

Ungasebenzisa igridi yensimbi, efakwe eduze komuthi kuze kube ubude bamamitha ayi-1, bese uwungcwaba emhlabathini ngamasentimitha angu-30. Ukuze uhlasele umuthi futhi uwuvikele ebusweni, ungasebenzisa ukuphahlazeka noma uzizwe ngendwangu eboshwe ngesiqu. Ngakho-ke, ukukhulisa i-orlinka apple tree ngeke kube nzima. Into eyinhloko ukwenza ukutshala okulungile nokuhlinzeka ngokucophelela okutshalwe njalo ukuze utshale isivuno esihle sama-apula enhle futhi anempilo.