Isigaba Isihlahla se-Apple

Mhlawumbe akekho umlimi oyedwa ongayazi ezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula njenge "Pepin Saffron." Abalimi abaningi nabathandi bezithelo bamane bakhetha ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihle kakhulu, zinempepho, zihlwabusayo, zihlanzekile futhi zithandekayo, ngoba izithelo zawo nganoma yiluphi uhlobo zigcina ukunambitheka okungenakwenzeka.

Ngenxa yezici zofuzo kanye nezici eziphilayo ze-apula, ukuhlukahluka kwe-Imrus kuholela ohlwini lwezinhlobo zasebusika. Ukuqashelwa kwabo phakathi kwabalimi basezindaweni zaseSoviet ezitholakalayo ukuze bathole ukuhluma okuqinile, ukuvuthwa, ukukhuthazela ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.

Ngokuphishekela insimu enhle, izakhamuzi zasehlobo zihlale zifuna futhi zitshale izihlahla ze-ornamental. I-Apple Nedzvetskogo ingomunye wayo, ngoba ngobuhle bayo ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuklama komhlaba, futhi ngemva kokufunda incazelo yayo nokubona isithombe, uzoqonda ukuthi kungani. Izici eziphilayo ze-Apple Tree Nedzvetskogo - enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu futhi inesikhathi esidlule esithakazelisayo.

Umuthi we-Apple "Uralets" ubhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zekwindla futhi kufanelekile ukukhula ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Uhluke ekukhuleni okuqinile, ukuqina kweqhwa nokuzivikela emzimbeni eziningi. Sizokutshela okuningi kulesi sihloko. Umlando wokukhetha Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula "U-Uralets" zavulwa phakathi nekhulu le-19 eSiteshini Sokulima Sverdlovsk.

Abalimi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-apula ejwayelekile ye-Antonovka ibe enye yezinhlobo eziphumelele kakhulu ezingxenyeni zethu zokuhlangana. Ihlanganisa izinga eliphezulu lezithelo nokungahlonipheki ngokuphathelene nokunakekelwa. Ake sihlole izici zayo eziphilayo futhi sijwayele izidingo zokutshala nokukhathalela okuqhubekayo.

Ama-apula ase-red-side of the various varieties zasebusika "Antey" ahlukaniswa ukunambitheka okumnandi, isisindo kanye nokugcina izinga elihle kakhulu lokugcina. E-cellar eyomile ene-ventilation emihle, ingahlala izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhumba ngeke siphele amandla, futhi inyama izohlala njengomnandi njengoba isithelo sisanda kususwa emthini. Yiziphi ezinye izici ezihlukahlukene ezikhona, ukuthi zingayithola kanjani futhi zikhule ngokuphumelelayo esiqhingini sakho siqu - sizokutshela ngakho kamuva esihlokweni.

Mhlawumbe hhayi ingadi eyodwa ngaphandle kwesihlahla sama-apula ezindaweni zethu. Isiko asizithobeki ezimweni zesimo sezulu, hhayi ngokungaqondakali ekukhuleni, kodwa nokho umsebenzi wabalimi njalo ngonyaka uletha abalimi izinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu ezinokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu. Umlando wokukhethwa kwe-"Screen" ye-Apple - uhlobo olune-hybrid lokuvuthwa kwe-autumnal.

Abathandi base-Apple bayakwazisa kakhulu ukuhluka kukaKandil Orlovsky. Inzuzo eningi futhi ingakhula ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi isithelo sibonakala kanjani, indlela yokukhetha isithombo nokunakekela umuthi. Umlando wokuzalanisa izitshalo ungabizwa ngokuthi usemusha, ngoba wawusungulwe kamuva.

Izihlahla ze-Apple zihlala zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo. Naphezu kokuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha, abaningi bakhetha imigqa yendawo efakazelwe. Mayelana nenye yalezi zizokwazisa kulokhu kubuyekezwa. Cabanga ngomuthi we-apula oyithakazelisayo "iPapirovka", ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukutshala nokukhathalela. Umlando wokuzalanisa izitshalo kubhekwa othandwa - kubonakala njengomphumela wokuvuna imvelo, futhi wadumala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.

Lapho kufika ubusika, futhi umsebenzi wezinkathi ezweni kanye nasezindaweni zensimu, lokhu akusho ukuthi izihlahla azisadingeki ukunakekelwa. Izihlahla zidinga ukuvikeleka, mayelana nokuthi zingasetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi zizohlala kanjani ezihlahleni ezincane zama-apula ebusika, sizoxoxa kule ngxenye. Kungani izihlahla ze-apula ezihlala kuyo Abantu abaningi abangaqondi kancane endleleni yokulima, bacabange ukuthi ukuvimbela izihlahla ze-apple ebusika kuyadingeka ukuze bangabhubhisizwa yiqhwa eliqinile lasebusika.

Nsuku zonke, i-asterisk iyahlukahluka kakhulu kwezihlahla ze-apula phakathi kwabalimi ezweni lethu. Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ngezici zalezi zinhlobonhlobo nendlela yokutshala insimu encane futhi sikhule umuthi omkhulu wesithelo. Umlando wokuzala I-apula-tree ehlukahlukene "i-Asterisk" yavuselwa eMichurin Institute of Breeding and Genetics.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-apula ezivuthwa ehlobo. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezivelele zakwa-Orlovim. Isihlahla sama-Apple salezi zihlukahlukene singokwalabo abaholi bezithelo eziphelile. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nge-apula "I-Orlovim", nikeza incazelo yezihlukahlukene ngezithombe, kanye nezibuyekezo zabalimi. Umlando Wokubeletha Ngo-1977, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaqalwa kwi-All-Russian Institute of Breeding ngokuwela i-Antonovka nge-sappy SR0523.

Ngokuvamile, abalimi banokukhetha okunzima kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula, kepha namanje bayeke emazweni onke, ngoba abathandeki ekunakekeleni kwabo futhi banesitshalo esiphezulu sekhwalithi. Yiloluhlobo lwe-apula olubhekwa ngokuthi "i-Orlinka". Umlando wokuzala Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwavela ngo-1978 ngenxa yabalimi N.

I-Apple-tree Ukugcwaliswa kwe-Ural kuhlukile ezihlotsheni zayo ngokunambitheka okugqamile nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Izithelo zalesi sihlahla zifanelekile kokubili ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye nokomisa nokwenza imishado. Kulesi sihloko sizoveza okuvelele kwe-appral yama-Ural amaningi, incazelo yayo eningiliziwe ngesithombe, kanye ne-agrotechnology yokulima nokuzikhethela kokunakekelwa komuthi wesithelo, ngokusekelwe ezincomo nokubuyekezwa kwabalimi abanolwazi.

Umnikazi ngamunye kusayithi ukhula noma uhlobo oluthile lwe-apula, okuyinto umsebenzi ophumelelayo wabalimi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zinezici zayo ezinhle, zivumelaniswa nesimo sezulu esithile kanye nomhlabathi, ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungenele ovelele kakhulu otshalwe kulo lonke izwe. Sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ngezinhlobo zasebusika ze-apple i-Krasa Sverdlovsk, cocisana ngamaphuzu abaluleke kunazo zonke ahlobene nokutshala nokulima.

Isihlahla ngasinye se-apula esikhathini sokukhula esikhulayo sidinga izakhi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhula okuqhubekayo nokuhluma kwesitshalo kuncike ekutheni isikhathi sokufunda nokubhala nokufunda nokubhala kwezimila. Indlela yokutshala izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo, yiphi indlela yokukhetha nokuthi yini ezoletha esiteji esithile sokuthuthukiswa - konke lokhu kuzoxoxwa kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Abalimi abaningi baphikisana ngokuthi kungcono yini ukusika izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ukuzivocavoca kubonisa ukuthi maqondana nezinhlobo zembewu, ukusika izihlahla kuyoba usizo futhi kuyadingeka kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Esihlokweni sethu, sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokwenza izihlahla ze-apple ekwindla: sizofunda konke mayelana nesikhathi, imigomo kanye nezindlela zalesi senzakalo, sizokwethula yonke imininingwane futhi sihlaziye zonke amaphutha okwenziwe ngale nqubo.

Namuhla kunenqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu isihlahla sikaKhisimusi "isihlahla sikaKhisimusi", incazelo, izithombe kanye nokubuyekezwa okungazitholayo ku-athikili yethu. Muva nje, lesi sihlahla singatholakala cishe zonke izindlu zasehlobo. Umlando wokuzalanisa Izinhlobonhlobo zavulwa ngo-1985 ngenxa yokuwela "Welsey" kanye ne-hybrid "VM-41497".

Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi izihlahla zama-apula asekudala ziqala ukukhiqiza isivuno esincane. Kodwa, ngokuqala ngokufaka esikhundleni sabo, wenza iphutha elikhulu: ingozi inhle kakhulu ukuthi lo msana omncane ngeke uphumelele, kufanele ulinde i-fruiting engaphezulu noma encane kakhulu, futhi awukwazi neze ukuthi kuzoba ngama-apula.

Njengoba unqume ukuhlenga isiteji sakho segadi, kufanele uqaphele umuthi we-apula wokuhlobisa "Imiklomelo". Lo muthi omuhle awutshalwa ngenxa yezithelo ezihlwabusayo, kodwa kuphela umbala wayo omnandi nokubukeka okuhle. I-Apple "Imiklomelo" ijwayele ukujwayela edolobheni ngaphansi kwezimo ezinamandla okushisa nokugcola kwegesi, ngakho-ke umhlobiso ovamile emklamo wezakhiwo ezipaki, izikwele kanye nezindlela.