Qaphela Izitshalo ze-Fusarium zizoba yiphi uhlobo lokuhlaselwa nokuliqeda kanjani?

I-Fusarium iyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esiyingozi esiyi-fungal esingabangela izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Lesi sifo sigxile emvelweni, singena emhlabathini kanye namanxeba amancane esitshalo. I-susceptible kakhulu ye-fusarium iyancipha izitshalo.

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezimpawu zokufisa izitshalo, ngengozi engenzeka yalesi sifo kanye nemibandela yentuthuko yayo, kanye nokunikeza ulwazi mayelana nezindlela zokwelapha kanye namathiphu athile okuwusizo mayelana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela.

Kuyini?

I-Fusarium wilt noma, njengoba kuthiwa nangokubola okomile, isifo esiyingozi se-fungal esithinta isimiso sezinsiza zezitshalo ze-horticultural nezokulima. Lesi sifo sithinta futhi izicubu zezitshalo, okwenza izimpande, imbewu kanye nezithelo zibole.

Liyaphi futhi kanjani?

I-Fusarium wilting iqala ngesimiso sesitshalo se-plant: i-fungus iphuma emhlabathini ngokusebenzisa izimpande ezincane, bese ihamba ngezinsizi ezinkulu futhi iqhubeke nemikhumbi yokudubula ibe yiziqu kanye namaqabunga. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwesiko esithintekayo, amaqabunga amathanga aphansi aboma, kuwo wonke amahlamvu amaphethelo abe ngamanzi, futhi amabala aluhlaza futhi aphuzi awakhiwe emafetheni.

Izitsha ze-petioles zesitshalo esibulalayo zibuthakathaka, futhi amaqabunga ahlambulukile ahlala njengama-rags. Ngomswakama ophezulu bangabonwa ukuqhakaza okuncane komhlophe.

Izimo zokubonakala kokubola okumile

Izingosi ezivuselela ama-causative agents of fusarium:

1. Ukunakekelwa okungcono komuthi, ukungahambisani nemibandela yokuboshwa.
2. Isiko esincane sokutshala.
3. Ukwanda kwe-acidity yenhlabathi noma inhlabathi enzima kakhulu ngokuswakama okunamandla, ukuvimbela ukushintshaniswa kwe-air efanele ezimpandeni zesitshalo.
4. Ukweqile emhlabathini wamakhemikhali noma umanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorine.
5. Ukubekwa okungekho okungcono kokutshala. Isibonelo, eduze komgwaqo omkhulu, indawo yezimboni noma isitshalo se-metallurgical.
6. Ukuphuza okwanele, okuholela ezimpandeni ezomile nokuqina kwesitshalo.
7. Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu noma umswakama ngokweqile isikhathi eside.

Kuyini isifo esiyingozi?

Lesi sifo sinengozi ngoba asiboni nje kuphela amahlamvu omuthi othelelekile, kodwa futhi igatsha layo eliyinhloko, izimpande ezibolayo, futhi isihlahla siphelelwa yisikhathi. Uma i-Fusarium ingabonakali ngesikhathi futhi izinyathelo zingathathwa ukuphulukisa isitshalo, ngeke nje zibhubhise ngokwayo, kodwa zizophazamisa abanye abantu emhlabathini ngenhlabathi.

Izimpawu zamasiko ahlukahlukene kanye nokwelapha

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, hhayi izitshalo zezolimo kuphela (izitshalo, okusanhlamvu, amakhabe), kodwa cishe yonke imifino esekhulile (utamatisi, ukhukhamba, pepper, amazambane, iklabishi), kanye nezitshalo ezinamaqabunga (anyanisi, garlic, tulips, hyacinths, tulips) zisengozini yokugula nge-fusarium wilt. , ama-daffodils), i-berry ezihlabayo (currants, gooseberries, ama-strawberries, ama-strawberries) kanye nemithi yezithelo (amapulazi, ama-apula, amapheya, amapreaches, ama-apricot).

Indlela yokubhekana ne-fusarium?Ukuqeda isifo sofuba nokuvimbela ukuba sisakazeke, lezi zindlela zokulawula ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:

1. Yenqaba futhi ubhubhise amakhophi aphelele kakade anesifo.
2. Hlanganisa izitshalo eziseleyo nenhlabathi ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate ne-boric acid.
3. Kunconywa ukuba ufafaze imibhede ngomlotha kanye nesibabule ophuzile.
4. Ukukhafula ngophuno ne-dolomite kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi ye-Fusarium, ngoba le fungus ayikubekezeli indawo engathathi hlangothi egcwele i-calcium.

Kuze kube manje, izifungucide ezihlukahlukene zenzelwe futhi zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo, isenzo saso sihlose ukulwa nomkhuhlane we-fusarium:

• Zuza
• I-Winner.
• Phytosporin.
• I-Sporobacterin nabanye abaningi.

Indlela yokubhekana ne-gray mold kwi ukhukhamba?

Indlela yokuthola:

1. I-Fusarium ithinta uhlelo lwezinsiza zehlathi lekhukhamba. Uma usika isiqu noma iqabunga lekhukhamba, izitsha ezimnyama zizobonakala ekunqunyweni kwayo.
2. I-Fusarium wilt ingabonakala ngokubola kokuqala kwenduku ye-hilar nezimpande ze-shrub. Isiqu kule ndawo siba mnyama futhi siba mncane, futhi amaqabunga aphuzi futhi aphelile. Lesi sitshalo asiqhakazi kahle, futhi ama-ovarie ayo afe emva kokuchichima.

Ikhukhamba ye-Fusarium iyingozi ngoba ayitholakali ngokumelene nale fungus ngendlela yokulawula eyi-100% ephumelelayo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela kunokubhekana nalokhu kamuva.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

1. Ukwelashwa komhlabathi. Ukucwiliswa ngamanzi ngamanzi abilayo noma ama-mans aluhlaza atholakala ku-lupine nesardard.
2. Ukuhambisana nokushisa. Isibonelo, izithombo zekhukhamba zenziwa lukhuni ku-greenhouse, ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi amaqabunga omuthi omdala akwazi ukumelana nokukhula.
3. Ukuchelela okulungile. Gwema amanzi amaningi kakhulu.

Amalungiselelo eziphilayo kanye namafungicide angasetshenziswa njengezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukunqotshwa kwemikhukhamba.

Cabanga ngabo.

Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo:

• "Trikhodermin" - Kubhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu kulolu chungechunge. Yenza ukuthi kudingeke ukuba umhlabathi omisiwe kancane izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo.
• "Baktofit", "Planriz" ne "Trihofit" - ama-prophylactic amahle afana nokupunga izithombo nomhlabathi.

Amakhemikhali:

• I-fungicide "Readzol" - indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokulwa ne-fungus. Isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
• "Amandla E-Previkur" - kuhloswe ukucubungulwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokushayeka emhlabathini.

Sincoma ukubukela ividiyo mayelana nekhukhamba fusarium wilt:

Ukwelapha ama-strawberry

Indlela yokuthola lesi sifo:

1. Ingxenye yomhlabathi yesikhwama se-strawberry kanye nesimiso sempande sibe nsundu.
2. Amaqabunga aphuzi futhi amile. Ama-ovaries awakhiwe, ama-antenna abe mnyama futhi aphephe.

Indlela yokulwa:

1. Hlela ukujikeleza kwezitshalo esakhiweni: ukukhethwa okusemandleni ama-strawberry precursors.
2. Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezithathelwanayo nge-fungicide system "Fundazol". I-Benomyl iyisakhi esisebenzayo salesi sidakamizwa, esithathwe yizimpande namaqabunga, ishukumisa isitshalo, iqoqa kusuka engxenyeni yayo ye-apical. Umsebenzi omkhulu we-"Fundazol" wukuthi ukuvikeleka kuhlanganisa zonke izitho zesitshalo, ngisho nalabo abakhiweyo abasebenza ngesikhathi sokuhlunga.
3. Isidakamizwa se-fungicidal "Benorad" ngesenzo esikhulu. Kuphumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni nasekuvimbelweni kwezifo eziningi ze-fungal of strawberry, kuhlanganise ne-fusarium wilt. Ukuvikelwa okusebenzayo kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-10 ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Izindlela zokulwa nesifo sikatamatisi

KUBALULEKILE: Utamatisi awela ngaphansi kwe-fusarium kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuphila, imbewu ingase ithinteke emhlabathini. Kodwa izibonakaliso zalesi sifo zivele kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza noma fruiting.

Indlela yokuthola:

1. Amaqabunga amantombazane aphansi aphuzi futhi aphelile. Khona-ke, amaqabunga angenhla ehlathini aqala ukuma futhi afune - abuye aphuzi futhi ahlaziye.
2. Esigabeni sesitshalo semikhumbi esilula esibhedlela esibonakalayo sibonakala ngokucacile.
3. Uma isihlahla esinqunyiwe sigcinwe ekamelweni elinomswakama ophezulu izinsuku ezingu-2, ukumboza okumhlophe kuyobonakala kuyo.

Indlela yokulwa:

• Izinyathelo zokuzivikela: ukungasebenzi kahle kwembewu nomhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi.
• Ukususwa kwezihlahla ezithintekayo nomsuka wokuqeda ngokuphelele umthombo wokutheleleka.

Indlela yokuphatha amabhasikidi e-sunflower?

Izimpawu zesifo se-sunflower zivela emva kokuqhakaza, lapho imbewu iqala ukuvuthwa. Indlela lesi sifo esibonakala ngayo:

1. Ngakwesokunxele kwebhasikidi kukhona amabala amnyama afudumele kancane, athola lesi sifo phakathi naleso sifo. Ibhasikidi liqala ukuma ngokushesha futhi lukhuni.
2. Ngaphambi kwebhaksi phakathi kwembewu kubonakala i-patina elimpunga. I-Mycelium ingene ezinhlamvu ze-sunflower, eziba yingxenye engenalutho futhi ezibabayo ukunambitheka.

Indlela yokulwa:

1. Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo ezinamandla.
2. Ukuhlwanyela okuningi ukuphikisana nezifo zefungal izifo kanye nzalo ye-sunflower.
3. Ukwelashwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
4. Ukwelashwa kwembewu kanye nenhlabathi fungicides KKr noma Title Duo.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwesitoko sembewu enempilo.
2. Izinhlobo ezikhulayo nezinhlamvu eziphikisana nalolu hlobo lwesifo.
3. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emibhedeni e-decontaminated.
4. Ukwethulwa kwe-nitrate nitrogen enhlabathini, okuzosiza ekunciphiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo ensimini egciwane.
5. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwezindawo ezintsha nezinhlamvu ezinempilo ezinomsoco wefungus, engangeniswa yimishini nemishini yezolimo.

Isiphetho

Akuyona insimu eyodwa kanye nezitshalo zasendle ezingavikelwa ngokugcwele ekuthelelekeni ngezifo ezinobungozi eziphuthumayo njenge-fusarium wilt. Kodwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokutholakala kwesikhathi esifanele kwalesi sifo kuzokusiza ukugcina isitshalo nokuvimbela isitshalo ekufeni.