Indaba yokubonakala kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo yaqala ngokuthi izinhlobo ezintsha ze-gooseberry ezivela eMelika zilethwe e-UK. Phezu kwazo kwaqhamuka nesifo esasingaziwa eYurophu - i-powdery hlobo, noma i-sferotek. Lesi sifo sasakazekela ezwenikazi lonke, sabhubhisa izinhlobo eziningi zasendaweni, futhi safika eRussia.
Ngo-1920, isazi sase-Russian biologist kanye nomfuyi wezolimo I.V. Michurin wazibekela umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezilwa nalesi sifo, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ukunambitheka okuhle. Weqa ugqumugqumu waseYurophu nabaseMelika, waba nokuzivikela emtapweni wezincwadi. Umvuseleli akazange ahlele ukukha imibhalo yezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha, kodwa wayezosebenzisa ukuthola inzalo entsha. Kepha lo gooseberry omnyama wayethanda kakhulu abalimi kangangokuba waba ukuthandwa negama elithi Black Negus.
Ibanga le-gooseberries Black negus
Incazelo Yesiko
Amabhasi we-black negus anamandla, aqhuma, angafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama. Isici salokhu okuhlukahlukene ngameva (isipoki singafinyelela kubude obu-2 cm), uNegus asizuza njengefa kukhokho wasendle waseMelika.
Izici zikajikijolo
Amajikijolo amnyama akhula kulesi ugqumugqumu alujwayelekile kulezi zinhlobo: amancane, abushelelezi ngokuphelele, ngesinye isikhathi aqhakaza kancane, abambe kahle esihlahleni, ngisho namajikijolo awaphezulu awawa. I-pulp yezithelo zeNegus ithambile, i-maroon, imbewu incane kakhulu, isikhumba sinciphile.
Ngemininingwane! Kulabo abangathandi ama-spikes, izinhlobonhlobo zeBlack Prince kufanelekile - yi-gooseberry-free. Umbala omnyama, ukunambitheka okumnandi namanzi nephunga lalesi soso ngeke kushiye muntu ukuba anganakwa.
Izici zeBanga
Ama-gooseberry amnyama e-Negus aqala ukuqhakaza ngoMeyi. Amajikijolo ahlabelelwa zonke ngasikhathi sinye ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, isihlahlana sibukeka sihle kakhulu: amajikijolo amnyama amboza amagatsha ku-gooseberries, angaqhekeki emvula futhi angadonsa kuze kube sekwindla.
Kubalulekile! I-black negus iqala ukuthela izithelo kusenesikhathi, ngokunakekelwa okuhle isivele in unyaka wayo wesibili. Isivuno sesihlahla esisodwa singafinyelela ku-7-8 kg.
Izici zokunambitha
I-negus emnyama inokunambitheka okungajwayelekile: amajikijolo amnandi futhi amuncu, afana namagilebhisi akwa-Isabella, anephunga elikhanyayo eliyindalo kuphela kulolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene.
Ukumelana nesomiso nesithwathwa
Njengoba lolu hlobo lwe-gooseberry lwadalwa eRussia, luhlukaniswa ukumelana nesithwathwa. Akesabi ubusika baseRussia: noma amaqabunga afinyelela ku-−25 ° C, noma esiqandisini sentwasahlobo, noma imimoya ebandayo, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlukahluka kumile kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe.
I-Black negus ingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi isitshalo esibekezelela isomiso, kepha ukomisa umhlabathi kuthinta inani lesivuno.
Ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane
Le jamu elimnyama lathola ukungatheleleki ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ezivela eMelika "isihlobo". ISparhere, ukugqwala nezinye izifo zesikhunta azikwazi ukumlimaza
Ukusetshenziswa kukaBerry
Umbala ogqamile kanye noqobo, ukunambitheka okucebile kwezithelo zeBlack Negus bathola indawo yabo ekuphekeni. Kusetshenziswa njengombala wokudla, kanti futhi ama-gooseberry asetshenziselwa ukwenza amawayini ahlukahlukene kanye nama-tinctures. I-Black Negus newayini ine-flavour yamagilebhisi egqamile nephunga, kanye nombala wewayini velvety.
Ujamu wejamuberry
Amajikijolo amnyama aqukethe izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo, futhi inani levithamini C kulo likhulu kunama-gooseberries ajwayelekile, ngakho-ke asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-juices, ama-compotes kanye nokulondolozwa.
Nakani! Amajikijolo amnyama aqukethe izakhi zomzimba eziningi.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo
Uma kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-gooseberry ezilungele ukukhula kunoma yisiphi isiza sengadi kunoma yisiphi isifunda saseRussia, khona-ke lena yi-Black Negus jamu, incazelo yazo zonke izinzuzo zayo izothatha isikhala esiningi, ngakho-ke ngezansi kuphela okuyisisekelo sazo kakhulu:
- ukunambitheka okumangalisayo;
- izakhi zomzimba eziningi namavithamini;
- ukungathobeki;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane;
- ukubukeka okumangazayo;
- ukuthutha okuhle nokuphila isikhathi eside eshalofini lezithelo.
Nakani! Ama-Gooseberry ane-drawback eyodwa kuphela - ama-spikes enza kube nzima ukuvuna nokunakekela isihlahlana. Kepha lokhu kususwa kungasetyenziselwa okuhle: kusuka ku-Black Negus kutholakala uthango oluhle.
Ukutshala izithombo ezincane esizeni
Izithombo zisetshenziswa kangcono ngonyaka, kulula ukwamukela, azidingi umgodi omkhulu wokufika. Ngaphambi kokutshala, aphathwa ngokulungiselela okwakha izimpande ngokuya ngemiyalo. Ukwenza kusebenze ukukhula kwesistimu yezimpande ngaphambi kokutshala, sika izimpande zezithombo ngamasentimitha ambalwa.
Isikhathi nephethini yokufika
I-Black negus izokhula kahle ngokulinganayo ekutshaleni ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Kepha uma utshala isitshalo ekwindla, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kusukela ekutshaleni nasekuyeni ekuqaleni kwesithwathwa, kufanele kuthathe izinyanga ezingaba ngu-1.5 ukuthi isihlahla sikwazi ukuvumelana nezimo, futhi uhlelo lwaso lwezimpande luzoqina ngaphambi kobusika.
Ukutshala kweShrub
Kubalulekile! I-Black negus yi-shrub ebhebhethekayo, ngakho-ke, lapho ukutshala kweqembu, ama-1.5 m kufanele ashiywe phakathi kwezithombo okungenani okungenani ama-2 m phakathi kwezintambo.
Ukukhetha indawo yokubeka
Ngokutshala ama-gooseberries, kufanele ukhethe indawo enelanga futhi engenamoya kakhulu, kepha ngezinhlobonhlobo ezingenakubekelwa phansi iBlack Negus kungenzeka ukutshala emthunzini omncane.
I-Shrub kufanele itshalwe endaweni ephakeme (esimweni esibi ngokwedlulele, ngisho), ngoba umswakama owedlulele uyingozi ezimpandeni zesitshalo. Indawo lapho amanzi aphansi komhlaba akhuphuka eduze komhlaba nayo ayifanelekile ukutshala.
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi akunandaba, ama-gooseberry azokhula athele izithelo kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi ngaphandle kobumba. Kepha ukuze lesi sitshalo sifinyelele emandleni aso ngokugcwele futhi sithele izithelo kakhulu, sikhetha inhlabathi evundile evundile enomanyolo we-organic wokutshala.
Ukulungiswa kwesiza
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kungakuhle ukuthi ugaye umhlabathi uqede ukhula ngezimpande, ngoba lapho isihlahla sikameva sikhula, kuzoba yinkinga ukuhlanza ngaphansi kwawo.
Kubalulekile! I-Black negus ayinqabuli enhlabathini, kepha kungcono ukhethe i-sandy-loamy noma i-loamy, enezinga le-pH elingaba ngu-6. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ngobumba noma ngomhlabathi ompofu, lapho-ke udinga ukuwakha umquba nge-humus noma umquba.
Inqubo yokufakelwa
Imigodi yezinhlanyelo izimbiwa ngobubanzi obungama-40 cm kanye nokujula kwama-50 cm, iyahlanganiswa (i-humus noma umanyolo muhle njengokugqoka okungaphezulu, uma kungekho, khona-ke i-superphosphate ne-potassium nakho kungasetshenziswa), bese kuthelwa amanzi. Izimpande zesithombo zifakwa emgodini wobumba bese zifakwa emgodini ngaphansi komthambeka omncane ukuze intamo yezimpande ifafazwe ngenhlabathi engu-5 5. Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziyasikwa, kushiye izithombo ezingama-4-6 kulelo nalelo. Izithombo ziniselwa kakhulu, cishe amalitha ayishumi amanzi esihlahleni ngasinye azodingeka.
Izithombo kufanele ziniselwe kakhulu
Izici zokunakekelwa kwesizini
I-Black negus idinga ukuthambisa okungandile kodwa okuningi: izikhathi ezi-3-5 ngesizini kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-10-30 amanzi ngaphansi kwempande yesihlahla ngasinye. Uma ihlobo selomile, lapho-ke udinga ukunisela isitshalo kaningi.
Ama-gooseberry avunwa kusuka eminyakeni eyi-1-2 ngemuva kokutshala. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka: entwasahlobo, kuze kube ukuqhakaza kuvuleke, futhi ekwindla.
I-gooseberry emnyama iyisitshalo esidabukisayo kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqedwe ukusulwa kanye nokhula okuhlala kusenziwa, iziqu zemithi zimbozwe ngemboza sezimbali.
Ukukhula kwama-gooseberries kuma-trellises
Ukukhula kwama-gooseberry kuma-trellises kusiza ukuvuna futhi kusheshise ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo. Amagatsha esihlahla has a fan, iwaqondise phezulu ngokulinganayo ebusweni be-trellis kude kwe-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Ukufafaza i-shrub ngokufakwa kwe-peels ye-orange, ama-anyanisi husks noma ngesixazululo seBaikal-EM-1 kuyokuvikela kusuka ku-aphid.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nangobusuku obandulela ubusika iBlack negus idinga ukusikwa, wonke amagatsha abuthaka, amahlumela amancane kanye namahlumela angenazithelo kumele asuswe ngendlela efanele. Kumagatsha aneminyaka engu-2 kuya kwengu-7, kufanele kwenziwe izihlahla zokulwa nokuguga. Entwasahlobo, kutuswa ukuba unqamule phezulu kwesihlahla ngo-1/3.
Nakani! Ukhulisa usayizi wamajikijolo, unganquma amahlumela aluhlaza ehlobo, ushiye amaqabunga angama-5-7 kuwo.
Ukulungiselela ama-gooseberries ebusika, kwanele ukunquma futhi kunisele isitshalo inala. Umthamo wokushisa wenhlabathi ukhuphuka nenani lamanzi ngaphambi kobusuku bamaqhwa, futhi inhlabathi ibanda kancane.
Izihlahla ze-Gooseberry
Ukuzala
I-Black negus isakazeka ngezindlela ezijwayelekile.
- Izimbumbulu. Ekwindla, amahlumela amasha ahlukaniswa, anqunywe ukusikwa ngama-3-4 efihlekile futhi atshalwe enhlabathini nge-45 ° ukuze ama-1-2 efihlekile ahlale ngaphezulu komhlaba.
- Isigaba. Isihlahla sommbila simbiwa sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Enye yazo itshalwa endaweni entsha.
- Ukubekwa. Le ndlela iyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuzala: entwasahlobo, elinye lamahlumela esihlahla seligaxwe emhlabathini, labiwa. Isitshalo siphuziswa njalo, futhi ngemuva kokukhula kwamahlumela amasha kuyondliwa. Ekwindla, isitshalo esisha siyahlukaniswa futhi sitshalwe kabusha.
- Ukudubula. Sika bese ususa izimpande ezakhiwe eduze kwesisekelo sesitshalo. Le ndlela yokuzala ayilungele izihlahla ezindala kuneminyaka eyi-8-9.
- Amagatsha. Ihlumela elakheke kahle elinengxenye yohlelo lwezimpande lihlukaniswe isitshalo sikamama bese sidluliselwa kwenye indawo.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Ukuvikela lesi sitshalo ezinambuzaneni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuvuka, kufanele kuphathwe ngamanzi ashisayo.
Nakani! I-shrub eyodwa idla imisele yokuthambisa yamanzi ashisayo ngokufakwa kwepanini le-potanganum permanganate kanye ne-1/3 ithisipuni le-boric acid.
Namuhla, abalimi bezala izinhlobo eziningi zamajikijolo, futhi imikhiqizo emisha ngokuvamile iphakeme kunangaphambi kwabo. Kodwa kunezinhlobo ezingalawulwa yisikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, i-gooseberry Black negus. Futhi yize i-Negus iyi-gooseberry ecishe ibe ikhulu lomlando futhi iyi-grade-retro, ukunambitheka kwayo kunganikeza ukungahambisani okuningi nzalo yesimanje. Ngakho-ke, usengomunye wabalimi abathandwa kakhulu berry kwezitshalo.
