I-Nanda ingeyomndeni ofanayo wezinyoni ezingenalutho, futhi ukubonakala kwayo kufana kakhulu nezinyoni zase-Afrika. Sekuyisikhathi eside kusukela amaNdiya eNingizimu Melika, lapho lezi zinyoni zithola khona ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kokuqala, zasebenzisa inyama namaqanda ukudla, futhi kamuva abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izimpaphe nezikhumba zabo ukwenza imihlobiso nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badutshulwa ngezikhathi ezithile nabanikazi bepulazi nabanikazi bomhlaba, njengoba bedla utshani ngemfuyo kanye nokudla. Zonke lezi zenzakalo zaba nethonya elibi kubantu bakaNanda, okwaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje abantu bazama ukugwema ukwehla okuqhubekayo emphakathini futhi bazalisa iNanda emhlabeni jikelele.
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-Nanda
Namuhla kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ze-nandu: ezivamile (noma enyakatho) noDarwin (amancane). Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukubonakala kwazo nezici.
Okuvamile
Lokhu kubonakala kunezici ezinjalo zokubukeka:
- ubude bomuntu omdala bufinyelela ku-127-140 cm, nesisindo - kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-25 kg nokuningi. Abesilisa ngokuvamile baningi ngobukhulu nesisindo phezu kwabesifazane;
- I-Nanda ibukeka ifana kakhulu neyezinyoni zase-Afrika, kodwa cishe izikhathi ezincane izikhathi ezinhlanu kunekhanda nentamo yayo ehlanganiswe nempaphe, okuyizinto ezihlukeneyo zezinhlobo zayo;
- imilenze yinde futhi inkulu, ineminwe emithathu kuphela. I-boar ayihlanganiswa nempaphe nhlobo, ehlukanisa lezi zinhlobo kusuka eDarwin;
- yize le nyoni ingapheli, amaphiko ayo asele isikhathi eside, ayisiza ukuba ihlale ibhalansi ngenkathi isebenza;
- i-plumage ithambile, inama-brown-gray futhi ingaba nobukhulu obuhlukile kuye ngokuthi ubulili benyoni kanye nobudala bayo. Phakathi nesikhatsi sokuhlala, abesilisa bavela "emgodini" omnyama phansi kwentamo. Phakathi kwalezi zinyoni kukhona i-albinos, enamahloni amhlophe namahlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Okuncane (iDarwin, ekhokhwa isikhathi eside)
I-Darwin Nanda inezinsipho ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga, futhi encane kunesayizi evamile, okuyinto enzima ukuqagela egameni. Isisindo somuntu omdala sisezingeni eliphakathi kuka-15 kuya ku-25 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihluke emabala amakhulu ama-nanda amhlophe ku-plumage ngemuva. Emadodeni, ayabonakala nakakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi kubantu abancane abengekho nhlobo.
Uyazi? Phakathi nenkathi yokuzala, abesilisa bakhipha ukukhala okujulile nokungenangqondo "Nan-doo", ekugcineni yaba yigama lalezi zinyoni.
Yini ehlukile kuntshe ejwayelekile
Ukufana kwangaphandle kweNanda nesihlobo sakhe sase-Afrika kusobala, noma kunjalo umehluko omkhulu:
- ubukhulu - i-Nanda ingaphansi kwesikhathi esiphindwe kabili kunesihlobo sayo esihlosiwe;
- Izimpaphe zimboza entanyeni, kodwa abase-Afrika abanalo ukuthunga kule ndawo;
- babe neminwe emithathu emilenzeni, kanti izinhlobo zase-Afrika zinamabili kuphela;
- izakhamuzi ze-American savannah ziye zahloma amaphiko azo, futhi ama-congeners abo ase-Afrika awanalo;
- isivinini - ama-rheas afinyelela ngesivinini se-50 km / h, kanti izintshe ze-Afrika zingasheshisa ukuya ku-95 km / h;
- bafuna ukuchitha isikhathi esiseduze nemizimba yamanzi futhi ngqo emanzini, kodwa izihlobo zabo zikhetha umhlaba owomile.
I-Nanda ne-Ostriches
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezintshe: i-osprich subspecies; izindawo ezizuzisayo zamaqanda; ukuzalisa izintshe ezisekhaya (ukudla, ukutshala iziqu).
Uhlala kuphi
I-Nanda ivame emazweni amaningi eNingizimu Melika: Argentina, Chile, eParaguay, Uruguay, eBrazil naseBolivia. UDarwin Nanda ingatholakala eningizimu yePeru. Lezi zinyoni zithanda izindawo ezivulekile zezinhlobo ze-savanna, ezihlanganisa izindawo eziphansi zasePatagonian kanye ne-plateau yama-Andes.
I-Northern Nandu ikhetha indawo ephansi ngesimo sezulu esishisayo, kodwa umbono weDarwin awusabi ukuphakama, ngakho-ke bangahlala endaweni ephakeme kuze kube ngu-4500 m, futhi bangatholakala naseningizimu yeNingizimu Melika.
Uyazi? Inani elincane lalezi zinyoni litholakala enyakatho-empumalanga yeJalimane. Futhi lokhu kuyamangaza, ngoba iJalimane ibude kakhulu neNingizimu Melika. Kodwa impendulo ilula: iqiniso liwukuthi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-90, izibonelo eziningana zeNanda zaphunyuka epulazini lezinkuni eLübeck futhi zakwazi ukuvumelanisa nezimo zezulu zendawo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, bahlala khona ngokuphepha, futhi okwamanje inani labo lidlula abantu abangu-100 nge-150 sq. Km. km
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
I-Nanda ivukile emini kanti kuphela ngesikhathi sokushisa okunamandla bashintsha umsebenzi wabo kusihlwa nakusihlwa. Esikhathini esingaphansi komshado, bahlala ngamaqembu abantu abayisishiyagalolunye kuya ku-30. Kukhona imithetho ethile kula maqembu, okubaluleke kunazo zonke okungukuthi, mhlawumbe, ibanga. Uma le nyoni iza eduze komunye, iqala ukudonsa entanyeni nokwenza umsindo ophikisayo, ngaleyo ndlela ifuna ukuba ihambe. Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula, amaqembu akhona ahlukaniswe abe amancane amancane, lapho kunesilisa esisodwa kuphela nesilisa abaningana. 
I-Nanda inokuzwa okuhle nokubona amehlo, futhi intamo yabo ende ivumela ukubona ingozi ezayo ngesikhathi. Kungenxa yalezi zimfanelo ezinye izilwane ngokuvamile ezijoyina iqembu lezinyoni futhi zihlangene nazo. Uma i-nandu ibalekela engozini, akagijimi ngokuqondile, njengezimboni ezijwayelekile, kodwa e-zigzag. Labo ababaphishekela ngokuvamile abalindeli ukuphenduka okunjalo okubukhali futhi, ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi sokusabela, baqhube phambili. Ukuphenduka okunjalo okubukhali kwenyoni kwenza kube ngamaphiko abo, abawasebenzisa njengama-steering and brakes.
Kubalulekile! Ukuzingela ama-rheas abahlala endle akuvunyelwe, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuzama inyama yabo, kufanele uxhumane nemifula ekhethekile lapho ungathengi inyama kuphela, kodwa futhi namaqanda.
Yiphi i-nandu edlayo
I-Nanda ibhekisela kuyo izilwane ezimbiNgakho-ke, uhlu lokudla abazidlayo lukhulu kakhulu: yizitshalo, imbewu, izithelo, izinambuzane kanye nama-vertebrates amancane. Abanye abantu bathi bayakwazi ukubulala inyoka enobuthi, kodwa akekho oye wabonisa lokhu. Lezi zinyoni zingenza ngaphandle kwemithombo yamanzi okuphuza isikhathi eside, njengoba zinomswakama okwanele ekudleni abakudlayo. I-Nandu ivinjelwa ngezikhathi ezithile yi-gastroliths ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugaya kokudla esiswini. 
Ukuzala
Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni kobulili eminyakeni engu-2.5-3, nabesilisa ngo-3.5-4. Isikhathi sokulinganisa, lapho amaqembu akhona ahlukaniswe abe amancane, ahlala cishe kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba. Ukuze bakhe iqembu labo labesifazane, abesilisa bahlela izimpi zangempela. Umnqobi wempi uxosha abesilisa abasele emhlambini bese enza umdanso wokunqoba, ememeza ethi "Nan-doo." 
Ngemuva kokubeletha, yindoda efuna indawo efanelekayo esidlekeni, bese yona ihlala nayo. Zonke izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda esihlahleni esilungisiwe, kodwa uma ngabe yimuphi owesifazane obeka iqanda ngaphandle kwesihlamba, owesilisa uyishukumisela ku-clutch evamile. Emva kokubeka amaqanda, abesifazane baqala ukufuna omunye wesilisa, futhi lokhu owesilisa uhlala ukuze aqede amaqanda izinsuku ezingu-40, ukuzivikela emathonyeni angaphandle kanye nezilwane ezidliwayo. 
Ngo-clutch, ngokuvamile amaqanda angama-20-25, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, akunakwenzeka ukugxilisa wonke amaqanda, futhi ngaphandle kwemibungu ethile ayitholi nhlobo. Khona-ke amaphuphu aphuza, futhi owesilisa usenomthwalo wokuphepha nokuthuthukiswa kwawo.. Ngengozi yezinkukhu ezifihla ngaphansi kwamaphiko endoda noma ekhuphuka emhlane. Uma izinkukhu zifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, zingakwazi ukuzinakekela zona, bese kuthi owesilisa abuyele eqenjini lezihlobo zakhe noma ezimpilweni kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe yedwa (ngokuvamile amadoda amadala enza lokhu).
Kubalulekile! Uma ufuna ukuvakashela i-zoo noma ipaki ye-safari, lapho kukhona ukudlwengulwa, qaphela kakhulu futhi ungasondeli kuma-aviaries, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sawo sokukhula, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi sinobudlova.
Ividiyo: inyoni nandu
Leyo yimilando nendlela yokuphila yezinyoni ezinjalo ezingavamile kithi. Uma unethuba lokuvakashela noma yikuphi ukugcina noma i-zoo ukubona lezi zilwane ezinhle ziphila, qiniseka ukuthi uyakwenza.
