Ibhalsamu - enye yezitshalo zasendlini ezidumile kakhulu. Sekuyisikhathi eside ehlelekile kumafasitela abalimi bezimbali futhi, ngokunakekelwa kahle, akhathele ukujabulisa amehlo ngamehlo aluhlaza kanye nezimbali ezikhanyayo. I-Vanka inamanzi, i-touchy, ukukhanya, i-asterisk, i-green ever is amagama abantu abathandwayo bhalsamu.
Ibhalsamu yasekhaya - East Africa. EYurophu, yaqala ngekhulu le-16. Njengamanje, ibhalsamu itholakala emvelo e-East Indies, eNgilandi, e-Ukraine nase-Asia Ephakathi. Esikhathini sasendle, sisakazwa yizimbewu, kepha uma usufaka ingxenye yesitshalo sesitshalo endaweni enomthunzi, emanzini, ungaqiniseka ukuthi le ndlela ifanelana nebhasamu, ucabangela ukuthi ishesha kanjani.
Ibhalsamu ayifuni izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphansi kwamazinga e-zero, ngakho kufanele itshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, emva kweqhwa.
Ungasakaza kanjani?
Ekhaya, ibhalsamu ingasakazwa yizimbewu kanye nokusika.
Cuttings
Ukusabalalisa nge-balsam cuttings inqubo elula.Ngisho nabalimi bembali abaqalayo bangakwenza. Lena yindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokuzalanisa ibhalsamu. Ukuze uhlanganiswe, thatha amahlumela we-apical ezitshalo, ezakhiwa ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Isiqu kufanele sibe ama-5-7 amasentimitha ubude futhi okungenani sibe nama-internodes amabili. Amaqabunga aphansi asusiwe.
- Ukuqothula i-stalk kufakwa esitsheni ngamanzi noma ngokushesha etshalwe enhlabathini, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-peat, i-vermiculite ne-perlite.
- Qalisa isiqu kahle emhlabathini.
- I-pre-calcined yakhe ehhavini.
- Inhlabathi ezungeze ukusika ihlanganiswa, futhi isitsha sigcinwe esikhwameni seplastiki.
- Emva kwamasonto ambalwa ekukhanyeni okuhle nomswakama, isiqu sakha izimpande eziqinile.
Ngokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ezifanele, izimbali zokuqala zivela emva kwezinyanga ezintathu.
Sinikeza ukubuka ividiyo ngokuzalanisa ibhalsamu ngokusebenzisa i-cuttings:
Imbewu
Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kuyinkqubo enzima, kuthatha isikhathi nokubekezela. Akusikho iqiniso ukuthi emva kwemizamo eyenziwe, impela izinhlobo nezihlobo zezitshalo ofuna ukukhula zizokhula. Ngeshwa, kunabaningi abathengisi abangathembekile emakethe yembewu. Ukujabulisa umphumela womsebenzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula izikhathi ezimbalwa zokuthi le nzalo isakazwa kahle kanjani imbewu ekhaya:
- ukutshalwa emgwaqweni, ithala kanye nomklamo ezifanele izitshalo zonyaka;
- ngenxa yokukhula ezimweni zasendlini kungcono ukhethe ukuhlala isikhathi eside;
- kungcono ukuthenga hhayi ingxube yezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa ngokwehlukana;
- Uma uhlela ukuthola imbewu yakho, awudingi ukuthenga izinhlobo ze-hybrid.
Lapho ukhetha imbewu, qaphela impilo yabo yesheluli, uhlobo lwesitshalo (ngonyaka noma oluphela), ukuthembeka komkhiqizi. Imbewu ihluma phakathi neminyaka eyisikhombisa, kepha ukuhlanza imbewu, kuphakamisa amathuba okuhluma. Ungafunda mayelana nokuqakatheka kwebhalsamu engadini ekhulayo kusuka kumbewu ngokwakho lapha.
Ividiyo ngokukhiqiza imbewu yebhasamu:
Nini ukufeza inqubo?
Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela zibalulekile. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekuqaleni kukaMashi, ngakho-ke ukuthi ngoJuni kakade iziguli ezingaphelelwa yisikhathi zizovele zijabule ngezimbali.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kufanele ibekwe imizuzu eyi-10 ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, bese uthela amanzi afudumele bese uyibamba ngelinye ilanga.
- Ukukhetha inhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto evulekile futhi iphefumula. Okufanelekile kakhulu kubhekwa njengensimu encane e-acidic, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-turf, i-humus, i-compost ne-perlite.
- Ukujula kwetangi lokutshala imbewu kufanele kube ngu-7 cm noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi kufanele ichithe ngesisombululo se "Fitosporin", bese uqhubeka nokuhlwanyela. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-toothpick yokusabalalisa imbewu, njengoba incane kakhulu. Kwanele ukuwacindezela phezulu ngaphandle kokugxila ngokujulile, kwanele 0.7 - 1 cm.
- Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi kumele ihambisane ne-atomizer kanye nomphumela wokushisa owenziwe ngokusebenzisa ifilimu yeplastiki. I-mini-greenhouse kufanele ibekwe ku-sill ekhanyayo.
Indlela yokunakekela izitshalo?
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela ifilimu kufanele ivulelwe ukuqhuma. ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amahlumela awawutholi umswakama ovela ku-ifilimu. Lokhu kuyisifo esiyingozi se-fungal.
- Ngezinsuku ezinamahlombe kuhle ukugcizelela izithombo nge phytolamps, ngoba ukuntuleka kokukhanya kuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, inhlabathi kufanele ihanjiswe ekuseni nakusihlwa ngebhola le-spray.
- Lapho amahlumela efinyelela ukuphakama kwama-1.5 - 2 amasentimitha, ungaqala ukukhipha, ukufaka izitshalo zibe izindebe ezihlukene. Umhlabathi kungcono ukusebenzisa okufana nokuhlwanyela. Ngezansi kuyadingeka ukuthulula amanzi. Emva kokukhetha, izitshalo ziqala ukukhula ngamandla. Ngemuva kwesonto, kunconywa ukuthi uphonse iziqongo ukuze usebenze ukwakheka kwamacembe amahlangothi, okuzovumela esikhathini esizayo ukwakha i-shrub enhle yokuhlobisa.
Ukufakelwa
Izitshalo nezimbali zokuvuna zingahlwanyelwa lapho kuhlanganiswa isihlahla esincane, futhi izimpande zebhasamu zizohlanganisa ngokuphelele umhlaba. Isendlalelo se-drainage kufanele ibe ngu-3-5 cm.
Amandla kufanele avuleke ngokwanele ukuze isihlahla sikwazi ukukhula.
Emgodini noma ezitshalweni zomgwaqo zingathathwa ekupheleni kukaMeyi, lapho kusetshenzwa ukushisa okuqinile.
Sikunikeza ukuthi ubukele ividiyo ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani ibhalsamu:
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Phakathi nesikhathi seqoqo eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ibhalsamu idinga izakhi eziningi (ungafunda ukuthi ungadla kanjani futhi ukondle isitshalo ukuze ujabulele izimbali isikhathi eside). Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe njalo emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 ngamaminerali omanyolo. Lapho ukwakhiwa kwefihlekile, ukufakelwa kwe-nitrogen kufanele kume. Ngalesi sikhathi besebenzisa umquba we-phosphorus-potassium.
Okuthandayo kungcono ukunikeza izingqungquthela zezitshalo zezimbali zokuhlobisa. Okudume kakhulu
- "Agricola for izimbali."
- "Fertika-plus".
- "Uniflor-bud".
I-cuttings encane isabela kahle ekugqokeni kwama-foliar. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukulungisa amanzi ahleliwe ekushiseni kwama-2 kuya kwangu-3 kune-air, ngokusho kwemiyalelo, ukuhlanza umanyolo bese uyifakela emagqabini ngamapayipi.
Qaphela! Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenzeka kakhulu esimweni sezulu esibhakabhakeni, emva kokunisela ngaphambi kwamanzi, ukuze ugweme ukuvutha izimpande.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka ngokuzalana nokuthi ungaziqeda kanjani
Kunezifo eziningana zezibhalsamu ezingaholela ekufeni kwembali.
- Ibhalsamu ivame ukuthinteka yi-bacteriosis, izifo ze-fungal nokubola. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukungabi nomoya, umswakama obuningi, ukuqina kwehlathi. Uma i-fungus ivela, isihlahla kufanele sisuswe embizeni, ukuthi sisuswe kanjani izimpande zomhlabathi omdala bese sitshala singena emhlabathini omusha, ongenalutho (uma ukuguqulwa kuyadingeka nokuthi ungafaka kanjani ibhalsamu kwenye ibhodlela, funda lapha).
- Ngokuvamile isicabucabu, i-whitefly ne-aphid ihlasela ehlathini. Ungaziqeda lezi zinkinga ngokuphatha izihlahla ngezinsimbi ezivikelayo, njenge-Aclirin no-Glyocladin, nanoma iyiphi enye inambuzane.
- Ngezinye izikhathi isitshalo siqala ukuphonsa amaqabunga nezimbali. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukungabi namanzi, ukukhanya, noma ukuphuza okukhulu kakhulu. Ukwehla amaqabunga nakho kuyisici sesitshalo esidala.
- Umoya omile ungabangela amaqabunga ukuba aphuzi futhi aome.
- Uma lesi sitshalo simile esakhiweni, amaqabunga awo angaba khona. Ukuphindaphinda kungase kwenzeke lapho isicabucabu sithinta isihlahla.
- Ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yokunciphisa imifino noma ukungabikho okuphelele ngenxa yezidakamizwa ezingaphezulu kwe-nitrogen ekugqokeni okuphezulu.
Ukunakekela ibhalsamu yasendlini ekhaya akuyona kunzima njengoba kungase kubonakale ekuqaleni. Ukuze intandokazi yokuthakazelisa ngemifino yayo enamandla isikhathi esiphezulu udinga ukukhumbula nje amathiphu ambalwa nje:
- khetha imbewu efanele;
- khumbula okufanele kube ukusika;
- sebenzisa umanyolo ofanele;
- gcina inhlabathi enomanzi;
- unikeze ukukhanya okwanele;
- lapho kuphakama izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuqeda.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko saba usizo, futhi i-asterisk efasiteleni lizolijabulisa abanikazi bayo isikhathi eside.
