Isithombo sebhitrudi se-Sugar yisitshalo lobuchwepheshe. Kuyinto eyinhloko yokwakheka kokukhiqiza ushukela. Isithelo saso sincike ezinkomba zezulu nezimo ezikhulayo.
Ezolimo zomhlaba, isithombo sebhitrudi soshukela sinendawo ebalulekile. Izitshalo zalo ngo-2003 zaba yizigidi zamahektha angu-5,86. Izindawo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezisetshenziselwa isithombo sebhitrudi e-Ukraine, eRussia, eChina, ePoland, eFrance, eBrithani, eJalimane, e-Italy; liyalinywa eBelgium, eBelarus, eJapane, eHungary, eTurkey, eGeorgia.
Emazweni aseYurophu, ushukela we-beet uveza u-80% wokuvunwa okuphelele emhlabeni. Ama-beet ashukela adinga ukuchichima kwelanga, ukushisa nomswakama olinganiselayo. Yiziphi amazwe abaholi ekukhiqizeni izinyosi? Ingabe isiko sikhulile eRussia? Amaqiniso nedatha enembile.
Kuphi okukhulayo, isimo sezulu siyini futhi inhlabathi "iyayithanda"?
Amasiko akhula kahle ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Isivuno somsuka awubekezeli imvula enkulu nesomiso. Ubuningi bemvula buyathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-tuber, kwephula ukushukela kweshukela.
Imhlabathi yokutshala izitshalo ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu.
- Fit. Lo mhlabathi omnyama, i-sod-podzolic, i-sod noma isihlabathi. Futhi ama-sands afanelekayo nama-peatlands.
- Akufanelekile. Ihlabathi elimnyama nelinzima loamy, automorphic.
- Akufanele ngokuphelele. I-Loose, i-gley kanye ne-gley (ivinjiwe futhi ivinjelwe), i-waterlogged.
Inkomba efanelekayo ye-acidity ihluka kusuka ku-6.0 kuya ku-6.5. Iphinde ivunyelwe ukukhula ebangeni lika 5.5-7.0.
Amazwe okukhiqiza nokuthumela amazwe
Ngezansi isimo samazwe angu-5-abaholi ekukhiqizeni isithombo sebhitrudi.
- Indawo yesihlanu eTurkey. Leli zwe elishisayo elinesimo sezulu esifanele. Amathani ayizigidi ezingu-16.8 atholakala lapha ngonyaka. Leli zwe libeka i-Ukraine ohlwini (ukukhiqiza kungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-16).
- 4 isikhundla e-USA. Isivuno saminyaka yonke singamathani ayizigidi ezingu-29. Ezweni, ngaphezu kwemifino engapheliyo yamasimini nezinkolweni, ama-beet ashukela nawo asekhulile. Zombili izinkampani zomphakathi kanye nabalimi be-amateur benza lokhu.
- Ivula amaJalimane amathathu aphezulu (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-30). Sekuyisikhathi eside leli lizwe libe nesimo somkhiqizi nomthengisi we-beet isithombo sebhitrudi. Ushukela noshukela ocolile nazo zithunyelwa.
- Indawo yesibili - i-France. Ukukhiqizwa ngonyaka - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-38. Kuze kube yamuva, kubhekwa njengomholi ekuqoqweni kwezinyosi. Amasimu angapheli enhlabathini evundile nesimo sezulu esishisayo kwenza kube lula ukuvuna isivuno esivuthiwe njalo. Izakhiwo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza zigxilwe esifundazweni saseCampagne. Itholakala eningizimu, ngaphezu kwezinyosi, amagilebhisi athande ukushisa asetshalwe lapha ukuze kuvezwe iwayini elidumile.
- Isilinganiso sabaholi - iRussia. Ngokusho kwedatha ka-2017, kunezigidi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 ze-beet isithombo sebhitrudi ezikhiqizwa kuleli zwe. Inani elikhulu lomkhiqizo lihanjiswa, ushukela lukhiqizwa kusukela kwesithathu kokuvunwa.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ushukela kusuka ku-beet beet, kuhlanganise nasekhaya, kulesi sihloko.
Kuphi isifunda saseRussia esikhule kakhulu?
Kuze kube maduzane, izitshalo zokusanhlamvu zazizuzisa ukukhula.
Kusukela ngo-2016, ukutshala isithombo sebhitrudi seshukela kufikile ezingeni elisha, okwenza kube lula ukuthatha isikhundla esiphambili emazingeni ezwe. Esikhathini esidlule, isiko sakhulwa ngamanani amancane, futhi iningi lokuvuna lanikela ukondla izinkomo.
ERussia, izitshalo zikhulile ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko, lapho zikhula khona izimo ezifanele:
- South, Central Central Earth Earth. Leli yiKrasnodar Territory, esifundeni seVolga, esifundeni seMnyama. Lapha thola u-51% wezitshalo eziphelele ezweni.
- I-North Caucasus (Stavropol, Vladikavkaz, Makhachkala). Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezingu-30%.
- I-Volga. Iziqephu zokutshala isithombo sebhitrudi ezikhulayo zihlala ikakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni aseSamara, eSaratov (ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nobuchwepheshe besimanje bokulima ushukela wezinyosi, esitshele lapha). I-19% yenani eliphelele. Esikhathini esifundeni, kunamabhizinisi angu-44 asebenza ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-40 zemifino ngosuku.
Ngakho, isithombo sebhitrudi isitshalo lobuchwepheshe lapho ushukela ukhiqizwa khona (ungafunda ukuthi isetshenziswe kanjani ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi nokuthi yini etholakala ngesikhathi senziwa lapha). Izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-Beet ziqukethe ushukela o-17-20%. Abaholi bezwe ekuhlwanyeleni imifino yempande - eRussia, eFrance naseJalimane. ERussia, isithombo sebhitrudi sikashukela sikhula kakhulu esifundeni eseningizimu.
