Isitshalo se-herbaceous tuberous hybrid esihlala njalo sinezimbali ezinemibala egqamile futhi efana nokuvutha amalangabi, sibizwa ngokuthi i-crocosmia, noma i-montbrecia. Lawa ngamagama amabili nje ahlukene wesitshalo esifanayo, futhi nakubantu kubizwa nangokuthi i-gladiolus yaseJapan.
Umsuka nokubukeka kwesitshalo
IMontbrecia yabukeka ibonga umsebenzi womlimi ongumfuyi waseFrance uV. Lemoine. Ngo-1880, weqa izingwenya zikaPots negolide, kwaholela ekuhlanganeni kwegadi elihle kakhulu. NgesiLatini, lembali yabizwa ngokuthi yiCrocosmia.
Isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu, lesi sitshalo besisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlobiseni izimbali zezimbali. Kusetshenziselwa ukwakha izingoma zomhlaba, ukuhlobisa amathala namakhamera. Umndeni we-Iris, okuyi-crocosmia eyakhe, uthandwa kakhulu ngabalimi abanolwazi nama-novice.
Ukuvela kwe-montbrecia
I-Crocosmia ekuphakameni ifinyelela kuma-40 cm kuya ku-1 amahlamvu amaqabunga amancanyana futhi amade, ahlanganisiwe, ahlelwe ngamaqhugwane amancane. Ama-inflorescence ohlobo lwe-Spike atholakala eduze nesiqu. Esiqwini esisodwa, kunesilinganiso sezimbali ezingaba ngu-40 eziqala ukwenzeka kusuka kuma-inflorescences aphansi.
Ngemininingwane! Ngokuya ngombala wembali ye-crocosmia, umbala wamaphondo uyahluka. Kusuka kuphuzi ophuzi kuya kobomvu okhanyayo. Izimbali ezinombala obomvu nazo ziyatholakala. Lapho zivulwa, izimbali ngobubanzi zifinyelela ku-5 cm, futhi ukuma kwazo kufana neminduze.
Incazelo yomndeni ka-Iris
Umndeni wakwa-Iris unezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-1800 ezenziwa ngo-75-80 genera. Abamele abavame ukubhekwa njengabakwaJuno, u-Irises, uHerododictiums, ama-gladiolus, ama-Acidanters kanye neCrocosmia. Abamele umndeni bakhula cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kunzima ukuthola izingadi ze-botanical ngaphandle kwalezi zitshalo, ezihlanganisa ama-perennials kuphela we-herbaceous.
Abamele i-Iris bahlukaniswa ngamaqabunga angajwayelekile ngokuhleleka kwemigqa emibili kanye no-xiphoid, isikela noma obambo. Izimbali ziqoqwa kuma-panicle nakuma-raceme inflorescence. Okungcolile ikakhulu ngenxa yezinambuzane, kepha kunezinhlobo ezipholishwe izinyoni.
Nakani! Ukuthandwa nesidingo sezimbali zalo mndeni kuchazwa ngokuhlobisa nokubukeka okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-rhizomes ezinhlobo ezithile anezokwelapha, futhi ama-alkaloid abalulekile aqukethe kukawoyela kasatikovy abalulekile.
I-Crocosmia engadini
I-Crocosmia perennial
Ngomklamo wengadi yezimbali ehlobo-ekwindla, imbali ekhangayo, ekhanyayo enegama elingajwayelekile iCrocosmia perennial iphelele. Ama-inflorescence awo aluhlaza okhanyayo ahlanganiswe ngempumelelo namahlamvu aluhlaza acwebile aluhlaza. Le mbali ayihlukaniswa kuphela ngokugqama kwayo, kepha futhi nokuqhakaza okude, okuhlala kuze kube sekupheleni.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, imbali ifaka iphunga elimnandi elifana nephunga lesafroni. Iyaphikelela futhi ngemuva kokomisa isitshalo.
Ngokuqondene nokusakazwa kwembali yeCroccmmia, yenziwa ngezindlela zemifino noma zembewu. Ukuze uthole isitshalo esenziwe ngentwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela izithombo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, okulula kakhulu ukuvela kabusha ngokwahlukaniswa kwama-corms.
Isikhathi sezimbali eside se-crocosmia siqala ngoJulayi kuya kuSeptemba, ezinye izinhlobo ziyaqhakaza kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala.
Nakani! Imbali ayesabi amazinga okushisa aphakeme, kepha ifuneka kakhulu ekukhanyiseni. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, lesi sitshalo siyanweba futhi kungenzeka singaboli nakancane.
Izinhlobo ezaziwayo ze-crocosmia ngokukhula engadini
I-Crocosmia iyisitshalo esingabekezeleleki, ngakho-ke ikhethwa yibo bobabili abalimi abanolwazi nabaqalayo. Ngosizo lwale mbali, izinhlanganisela zezimbali ezahlukahlukene zakhiwa futhi zihlobisa ingadi.
Nakani! Njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50 zabamele abamele i-crocosmia, kepha esikhathini esiningi kuyatshalwa kuphela eziyi-11, ezihluke ngezimpawu ezithile.
- I-Crocosmia Lucifer. Lesi sitshalo singafinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-150. Ama-Peduncle aqondile, izimbali zinombala ocebile obomvu noma we-pastel. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa yi-high frost ukumelana, ngakho-ke, iLucifer crocosmia ivame ukutshala kakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neRussia. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezifundeni ezingenayo ubusika obukhulu kakhulu, abalimi bashiya izitshalo zomhlobiso wobusika ebusika.
- I-Crocosmic paniculata. Enye yezinhlobo ezejwayelekile. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-150. Izimbali zi-brown-brown, amaqabunga esimo esincanyana aluhlaza satshani. Isikhathi sezimbali singoJuni.
- UGolide Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa yi-inflorescence encane yombala wegolide, owolintshi noma obomvu kanye namaqabunga aqondile. Izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ngoSepthemba.
- Potsa. Lesi sitshalo sihlangene ngamaqabunga amnyama we-emerald nezimbali ezincane ze-orange. Imbali yalolu hlobo ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinezindawo ezinezindawo ezinomthunzi.
- Emily Mackenzie Izitshalo zalolu hlobo zihlanganisiwe ngosayizi, ubude bazo abudluli kumamitha ayi-6.6. Iziqu ziqonde zinamazinga amaningi ansundu asawolintshi.
I-Crocosmia Lucifer
- Inkosikazi kaTangerine. Isihlahla sifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-1,2. Izimbali zinombala we-orange ogcwele.
- UGeorge Davidson. Isihlahla sikhula size sibe ngamamitha ayi-0.7. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, izimbali eziphuzi ze-amber-aphuzi. Izimbali ziqala ngoJulayi. Lokhu kubukeka kufanelekile ukusikwa.
- Mackenzie Omunye wabamele abangaphansi kwenhlobo. Lesi sitshalo sikhula size sibe ngama-60 cm ukuphakama.sihlukaniswa ngama-inflorescence ama-orange-brown anemikhawulo ekhonjisiwe.
- Inkanyezi YaseMpumalanga. ICrocosmia ikhula ifike kumamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama. Ihlukahluka ngeziqu ezinamandla namaqabunga aluhlaza agcwele. Izimbali ngobubanzi zikhula kuze kube ngu-10 cm umthunzi we-apricot. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengenye yezimbali ezinde kakhulu.
- Inkosi ebomvu. Izici ezicijile zale mbali zingukugcwala kwama-orange inflorescence ane-thotho phakathi. Ikhula ekuphakameni okungama-80 cm.
- IMassonorum. Lesi sitshalo saziwa ngama-inflorescence a-orange avuthayo kanye namaqabunga e-xiphoid aluhlaza agcwele. Isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama okufika ku-60 cm. Isikhathi sezimbali senzeka ngoJulayi. Lesi sitshalo sinokuphikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa.
I-Crocosmia Massonorum
Izimo ezikhulayo
Lapho kukhula imbali ye-crocosmia, ukutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile kanye nembewu akubangeli izinkinga ezikhethekile, ngoba asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa amathuluzi nemishini ekhethekile. Ukuze isitshalo sikhule futhi sikhule ngokujwayelekile, kwanele ukusinikeza ngezimo ezijwayelekile.
Ukutshala imbewu
Kunconywa ukuthi kukhule i-crocosmia, noma i-montbrecia, ngokusebenzisa izithombo eziphakathi kwamabili, ngoba uma uhlwanyela imbewu endaweni evulekile, zinganikeza izithombo ezincane noma zingakhuphuki nhlobo.
Isikhathi esifanele kunazo zonke sokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo nguFebhuwari-Mashi. Ngokuhlwanyelwa, kuyadingeka ukulungisa isitsha esingajulile. Ingqimba yokudonsa ibekwa ezansi, bese ithangi ligcwele inhlabathi nge-humus nesihlabathi esihlanganayo.
Nakani! Imbewu zifakwe ngaphambi kosuku emanzini ngesivuseleli sokukhula, bese somile. Ngemuva kwalokho, zisatshalaliswa ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, zimbozwe ngefilimu futhi zibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo.
Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, udinga ukunakekela imbali nsuku zonke, ususe indawo yokukhosela ezitshalweni ukuze zindiswe. Ukuchelela kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, kunconywa ukukhulula inhlabathi ngokucophelela.
Kubalulekile! Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuthi kubekwe ngokweqile i-substrate. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube sesimweni esinyakanyisiwe.
Lapho nje amahlumela aqala ukubonakala, ifilimu lingasuswa.
Lapho nje kuvela amaqabunga wangempela ayi-2 kuzithombo, izithombo ziyagobhoza ezimbizeni bese ziqhubeka nokukhula kuzo ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile. Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kwalokhu, bekuthukuthelisiwe, kukukhiphela ngaphandle komgwaqo.
Lapho nje usongo lweqhwa ludlula, futhi inhlabathi ifudumele, izithombo zingatshalwa endaweni eyayilungiselelwe ngaphambili nenomanyolo. Ngemuva kokutshala, izimbali kufanele ziniselwe futhi kumanyolo zisetshenziswe ngokuhlelekile.
Tshala nini futhi kanjani i-crocosmia emhlabathini ovulekile
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho abakukhuthazi ukutshala i-crocosmia yaphakade emhlabathini ovulekile, ngoba le ndlela yokutshala imvamisa iholela kuzithombo ezibuthakathaka nezintekenteke. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, labo abahlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu bayenza le ndlela.
Amabhule aseCrocosmia
Kuhle ukukhulisa imbewu ngaphambili. Njengoba imbali iyi-thermophilic, kungcono ukuyitshala lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela ku-10 ° C kanye nokusongelwa kwesithwathwa kudlula. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokutshala siyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesimo sezulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, izitshalo zenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Indawo yokutshala kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, futhi isithunzi akufanele size siwele. Futhi esizeni akufanele kube okubhaliwe. I-flowerbed ilungiswe kusengaphambili, inhlabathi imbiwe, bese kungeniswa kumanyolo kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho kwenziwa imifino engashoni, eniselwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu isatshalaliswa futhi ifafazwe ngenhlabathi, iphinde ihlanganiswa ngefilimu noma ngefayilyili engalukwanga.
Kubalulekile! Lapho nje kusakhiwa amaqabunga ayi-4-5 ezitshalweni, zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli.
Izici Zokunakekela
Kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila, imbali idinga ukuhlinzekwa ngokunisela okulinganiselwe kwezimpande. Kwanele ukunisela imbali izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto. Uma lina ngokuhlelekile, khona-ke ukuthambisa kuyayeka.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma inhlabathi ivundiswe kahle ngaphambi kokutshala, khona-ke asikho isidingo sokugqoka okuphezulu njalo. Uma kungenjalo, umanyolo kumele usetshenziswe ngokuhlelekile, njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, ukuvuselela izimbali, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa isitshalo nge-potassium. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, imbali izobonga umnikazi wayo ngokubukeka okumnandi nephunga elimnandi.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ezifundeni lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehlika ngaphansi kuka-−20 ° C, ngokusho kwencazelo ejwayelekile yesitshalo, kumakhaza ekwindla kumele asuswe enhlabathini. Lokhu kwenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngemuva kokumba, zomiswa futhi zibekwe endaweni epholile, enomoya omncane yokushisa komoya ongu-10 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Ezifundeni ezinobusika obufudumele, amahlamvu wezimbali awakwazi ukumbiwa. Kwanele ukugcwalisa ungqimba lwe-mulching bese uyimboza ngefilimu yokunamathela phezulu.
Izinambuzane nezifo ezingaba khona
Lapho kukhula i-crocosmia ngezinhlobo zenhlabathi ezixhaphozi, lesi sitshalo singase sihlushwa yizifo fungal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbali zingathintwa yiFusarium ne-jaundice. Kepha izinambuzane, amahlumela nebhere kungasichitha isitshalo. Ama-fungicides azosiza ngokumelana nokugula, kanye nama-parasites - insecticides.
Izimbali zezimbali
I-crocosmia enhle ingaba umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu kuyo yonke imibhede yezimbali yehlobo neyekwindla. Lezi zitshalo ezimangalisayo zomndeni wakwa-Iris zizobukeka zihlaba umxhwele ngokulinganayo ngamaqembu futhi ziwodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ubanakekela, awudingi ukwenza okungaphezu kwemvelo. Indlela yempumelelo ukuhlinzeka ngokunisela ngokulinganiselayo kanye nokufaka umanyolo ngokuhlelekile.
