Aptenia: ukutshala izici nokunakekelwa ekhaya

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko abathandi bezitshalo zasendlini okumelwe babhekane nazo ukungakwazi ukudala ngaphakathi kwezinga elimswakama elanele izakhamuzi zaseTroatia. Ukunciphisa okuhle kulo mqondo yizinhlanzi ezingamelana nesomiso, ikakhulukazi njengoba kunezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu phakathi kwazo. Eqinisweni, omunye wabo ngu-aptenia (Aptenia), okuzoxoxwa kulokhu kubuyekezwa.

Okuqukethwe:

• Izinhlobo zezidakamizwa
• Izimo ezikhulayo
• Ukukhanyisa
• Ukushisa kwemoya
• Umswakama womoya
• Ukunakekelwa ekhaya
• Ukunisela
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu
• Ukudubula
• Ukufakelwa
• Ukuzala
• Izinkinga ekukhuleni

Incazelo yezitshalo

Indawo yase-aptenia, eyaziwa nangokuthi iMesembryantemum, ingxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Black Continent (KwaZulu-Natali naseMpumalanga Kapa Isifundazwe saseNingizimu Afrika), kodwa okwamanje lesi sitshalo se-semi-shrub semvelo sisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ama-flowerbeds emazweni awaziwa yizo zonke izivakashi ezifana neTurkey ne-Egypt. EYurophu, ezinye izinhlobo ze-aptenia seziqalile ukukhula ekhaya njengezitshalo zasendlini, kodwa le ntombazane ayitholanga ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi futhi ayiyona into engavamile emakethe.

Uyazi? Igama elithi "mesembryantemum" elimnandi lenziwa ososayensi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 ngokuhlanganisa amagama amabili esiGreki - "μεσημββα" (emini) nangokuthi "ἄνθεμον" (imbali). Iqiniso liwukuthi esimweni sasendle, ukuvuthwa kwe-aptenia kuvula amafihlethi alo kuphela phakathi nosuku lapho ilanga likhuphuka ngokwanele (eRussia izimbali ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-sunlings noma ama-sunbeds).

Ngokwezigaba ze-botanical, i-succulent ihambisana nokuhlelwa kwe-centroserenal (izimbali ezibomvu), umndeni wama-aizids. Njengoba igama lisho, amahlamvu akalahli isitshalo ngokushintsha kwenkathi (igama elithi "αειζωον", elinikeza igama emndenini, lihunyushwa lisuka kwisiGreki njengesihlahla esivamile). I-Aptenia ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, iqoqa kuze kufike ku-500 mm ubude ngonyaka, futhi ngokuya ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi ingaba yonyaka noma njengesikhathi esingapheliyo. Izici zemiqondo ye-aptenia:

Izinhlobo zezidakamizwa

Isayensi yanamuhla iyazi izinhlobo ezine ze-aptenia:

• i-serdtselistnaya (Aptenia cordifolia);
• izimbali ezimhlophe (Aptenia geniculiflora);
• i-lanceolistus (Aptenia lancifolia);
• I-Hekelia (i-Aptenia haeckeliana).

Kodwa-ke, zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-subspecies, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-hybrid ezakhiwe eminyakeni yamuva ngabalimi be-amateur. I-cardiac aptelium yilabo abavame ukumela uhlobo lohlobo. Lezi zithako zingafinyelela ku-25 cm ukuphakama, kodwa kubonakala ziphumelela kakhulu emabhokisini, kulokhu amahlumela alo aluhlaza futhi amancane afana nama-50-60 cm, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti inqwaba yezimbali ezikhanyayo zemibala ephuzi, i-burgundy noma i-lilac. Amaqabunga alezi zinhlobo awuhlaza okwemonochromatic enemibala futhi afinyelele ubude buka-25 mm, izimbali ziba nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-15 mm.

Uyazi? I-aptenia yenhliziyo inezinhlobo ezithile zokwelapha, kodwa izizwe zaseNingizimu Afrika zikholelwa ukuthi le mbali ingavikela futhi emandleni amabi futhi, ngokuphambene, idonsele imimoya emihle. Ukuze basebenzise le ndawo yesitshalo, ama-aborigines enza izinkomba kanye nezifiso zazo.

I-Aptelium variegated (variegated) uhlobo lwe-Aptelium cordifolia, igama lesiLatin elithi Aptenia cordifolia variegata. Izitshalo zalo zincane kakhulu, kanti amaqabunga amancane kunalolu hlobo lwama-classical, kodwa isici esiyinhloko sefomu eguquguqukayo kuba khona komngcele ophuzi ohlotshisiwe kwiqabunga ngalinye. Olunye uhlobo lwe-aptenia yenhliziyo lunamaqabunga aneziqu ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhona kuwo wonke amapuleti. I-lhenolate aphenia inezinhlanzi ezinwabuzelayo eziluhlaza ezifinyelela ku-800 mm ubude. Njengoba igama lisho, ukuma kwamaqabunga i-lanceolate, ihlangene. Ngesakhiwo, zifana namaqabunga omuthi wemali, kodwa i-light lighter and brighter. Izimbali zibomvu noma zibomvu, izimpondo zangaphandle zide kakhulu kunezingaphakathi. Izinhlobonhlobo zeMesembryantemum, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-naturalist German, u-Ernest Heinrich Haeckel, zihluke "ezihlotsheni" zayo ngokuyinhloko embala wezimbali: kulezi zinhlobo azibomvu, njengabanye abaningi, futhi eziphuzi zikhanya kakhulu, cishe zimhlophe ngaphandle futhi zigcwele kakhulu. kuya enkabeni ye-corolla.

Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ama-lithops ekhaya.

Phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezithakazelisayo kakhulu zesitshalo yi-aptenia emhlophe-enamanzi (Aptenia geniculiflora), engasetshenziswa kuJanitsky Botanical Garden ngaseYalta. Lezi zimbali ezinomsoco zinemifino emhlophe kakhulu ekhanda elimhlophe, ekhanda emgqeni ngesimo somqhele.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Ukuze ukhule i-mesembryanthum njengesitshalo esingaphakathi, izimo ezijwayelekile ezidingekayo kuzo zonke izitshalo ezidingekayo.

Ukukhanyisa

I-Aptenia isitshalo esithandekayo, kodwa sidinga ukukhanyisa okuhle hhayi kuphela ekuthuthukiseni okujwayelekile, kodwa futhi njengesimo esidingekayo, ngaphandle kwalowo osondayo ngeke aqhube. Noma kunjalo, imbali isadingeka ivikeleke elangeni eliqondile. Indawo engcono kakhulu yesitshalo amafasitela abheke empumalanga. Isiqondiso sentshonalanga singaphansi kancane, kepha njengenye indlela kungacatshangelwa. Emafasiteleni aseningizimu, imbali ingozini yokushisa ilanga eliqondile, kodwa uma unikeza ukukhanya okukhanyayo noma ukusakaza ukukhanya ngosizo lwempumputhe, inkinga ingaxazululwa kalula.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimbali ezinamandla kakhulu, izinga lokukhanyisa kwe-mesembryanthum ekuqaleni kokusentwasahlobo kunconywa ukuthi landa ngensizakalo yokukhanyisa okufakelwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswe izibani ezinamandla angama-50 W

Ehlangothini olusenyakatho noma emthunzini we-aptenia, ilahlekelwa ukuhlobanisa kwayo, iziqu zayo ziba zide futhi zibuthakathaka, amaqabunga ahluma futhi awe, izimbali aziqhakazi. Ehlobo, ibhodlela lingathathwa ngaphandle kwebhokisi elivulekile noma libhekwe embhede. Ngaphansi kwethonya lemimoya ehamba phambili yomoya, lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukushisa ukushisa kwelanga kunokuba kusetshenziswe ifasitela elivaliwe.

Ukushisa kwemoya

Ukuze i-aptenia ikhule ngokujwayelekile, umjikelezo wayo waminyaka yonke kufanele uhlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezimbili - isigaba sokukhula nesigaba sokuphumula. Le mfihlo izosiza ukufezekisa izimbali eziningi ezinomsoco. Umehluko omkhulu ekunakekeleni isitshalo phakathi nalezi zikhathi ezimbili usezingeni lokushisa. Izinkomba eziphezulu zokushisa emoyeni ngesitshalo ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwazo ziboniswa etafuleni:

Umswakama womoya

Umoya omile akuyona inkinga ye-aptenia, ngaphezu kwalokho, umswakama owedlulele uyaphikisana ngembali. Kodwa-ke, endaweni eseduze eduze kwamadivayisi okushisa, ibhodlela akumele lifakwe, ngoba ukushisa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasebusika, kunzima kakhulu. Ukufafaza nokuhlanza amaqabunga ngamanzi futhi akuthandi imbali; inqubo enjalo ingenziwa njengento ehlukile yokukhipha uthuli emaqabungeni, kodwa ngisho nokuphathwa kahle kungenziwa ngendwangu elithambile nelomile.

Bheka incazelo yesitshalo esithandekayo ekhaya.

Uma esikhathini sekwindla nobusika i-mesembryantemum ebhethri iqala ukuphuzi, ilula noma ilahle amaqabunga, lokhu kungase kubonise indlela yokusabela kwembali kumoya owephuzile futhi owedlulele, kodwa kulokhu lesi sitshalo akufanele sisetshenziswe, kodwa sidluliselwe endaweni epholile.

Ukunakekelwa ekhaya

Ukunakekela i-aptenia akukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi okuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa, njengezo zonke izitshalo ezihlobisa izimbali, lokhu okudinga ukondla kudinga ukuhambisana nezidingo ezithile, ngaphandle kwalokho okungafanele kulindeleke ukuthi kube khona izimbali eziningi.

Ukunisela

Ukuphuza okumnandi, okwesigaba somsebenzi, kuyadingeka njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-coma lomhlaba luma. Ukuvama nokuqina kwamanzi kufanele kulandelelwe ngokulinganayo, ngoba imbali iphendula ngokufanayo kuya kwamanzi futhi isomile ngendlela efanayo - amaqabunga ayahluma, aphinde awile. Ukunisela kuyenziwa empande nasezindaweni zonke zangaphandle ze-coma zobumba.

Kubalulekile! Izitshalo ezinamanzi angeke ziphuze ngamanzi abandayo! Ukushisa kwe-fluid kufanele kube njalo noma kudideli eziningana ngaphezu kokushisa kwemoya.

Amanzi okuchelela angasetshenziswa imvula, inetha, kahle, entwasahlobo, emfuleni noma ngaphambi kokuphathwa. Uma amanzi ethathwa emanzini, kufanele okungenani agcinwe ku-container evulekile izinsuku ezimbalwa bese usebenzisa isendlalelo esiphezulu esuswe kulesi sediment. Esigabeni sokuphumula, ubukhulu bokunisela buncishisiwe, phakathi nalesi sikhathi sekuwanele ukuphuza lesi sitshalo izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngenyanga ukuze izimpande zingapheli ngokuphelele.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Emvelweni, ama-succulents ngokuvamile akhula endaweni enobunengi elawulwa yishlabathi namatshe, kanti ungqimba oluvundile luyinto encane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhlukumeza izitshalo ezinjalo ekhaya akufanele kusetshenziswe kabi. Inani eliphakeme le-nitrogen emhlabathini liyingozi kakhulu kwi-aptenia; imbali iqala ukubola kusukela kulokhu, iyeka izimbali futhi ingase ife. Ukuze ungalingani nomthamo, kungcono ukusebenzisa izingxube ezikhethekile zezinhlanzi, ezitholakala ezitolo zezimbali (Agricola, Stimulus, Gileya, Planton, Fartis, njll) njengamanyolo. Kulezi zilungiselelo, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-fluorine nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile esitshalweni zihanjiswa ngokulinganayo.

Futhi funda mayelana nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani abathandekayo ekhaya.

Phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okukhulayo kokukhulelwa, ukukhulelwa akufanele kwenziwe okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga, futhi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula, ukufaka umquba kufanele kuphele ngokuphelele.

Ukudubula

Njengoba i-aptenia ye-morphologically iqukethe ama-stems amaningi futhi alula ngokushesha, isakaze phezu kwenhlabathi noma ixhomeke ezimbizeni, idinga ukusika izihlahla ezivamile ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlobisa isihlahla. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusika izihlahla ngesikwindla, lapho isitshalo sesiphelile futhi silungiselela ukungena esigabeni sokuphumula. Uma ukunciphisa amahlumela kwenziwa entwasahlobo, inqubo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idluliselwa kanjani kalula, iyoba ukucindezeleka okuthile embali, okusho ukuthi ukuhluma kuyoqala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Okungafani nalesi simiso yisimo lapho, ngenxa yesigaba sokuphumula esingalungile, amahlathi ashiya amaqabunga emva kobusika, noma amahlumela awo ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kulesi simo, iziqu ezilahlekelwe umphumela wazo wokuhlobisa kumele ziqedwe; okusha kuzovela maduze endaweni yabo. Uma le nqubo isenziwa ngoFebhuwari, phakathi naphakathi kwentwasahlobo i-succulent ebuyekeziwe ingase iqhakaze.

Kubalulekile! Ngokuvamile amahlumela ayanqunywa kusuka ku-aptenia, okusheshayo nakakhulu kakhulu kuyokhula.

Ukufakelwa

Kubalulekile ukutshala i-aptenia esheshayo njalo ngonyaka, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande ezinamandla neziqinile zama mesembryanthemma zigcwalisa yonke ibhodlela, kanti lesi sitshalo silahlekelwa ikhono lokuthuthukisa evamile. Njengoba lokhu kuhamba kahle kuhamba kalula, kungcono kakhulu okwenziwe entwasahlobo, esiteji sokususa imbali kusukela esigabeni sokuphumula. Uhlelo lwe-aptenia lusetshenziselwe ukucinga amanzi ekujuleni okukhulu, ngakho-ke ibhodlela lesitshalo kumele likhethwe phezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokufakelwa okulandelayo okulandelayo, ubukhulu bebhodlela elisha kufanele libe ngamasentimitha ambalwa kuphela amakhulu futhi ububanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sidinga isikhathi esiningi sokuthi "sikhululekile" endaweni entsha. Njengengxube yezwe kungcono ukusebenzisa i-substrate esilungele ukulungiselela i-cacti ne-succulents. Uma ufisa ukulungisa inhlabathi ngokwakho, kufanele uhlanganise umhlaba we-sod nomhlabathi owomile wamanzi, ungeze amanye amalahle ekubunjweni ukuthi angenwe yi-disinfected.

Kubalulekile! Ukuphuza isitshalo emva kokufakelwa kokutshala kungabi khona ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezintathu, kanti ngomanyolo kungcono ukulinda izinyanga ezingu-1-2.

Faka uhlaka lwamanzi oluphansi ebhodweni elilungiselelwe, bese uthela insimu encane yenhlabathi elungiselelwe phezulu, faka isitshalo ngokucophelela ususwe ebhodweni elidala kanye ne-clock earthy phakathi nendawo ebhodweni, bese uthele ngokucophelela inani elidingekayo lomhlaba omusha nxazonke ebhodweni elimnandi bese ulinyathela kahle futhi, uma kunesidingo, engeza ingxube encane yomhlabathi.

Ukuzala

Ungathola isitshalo se-adenia esincane ekhaya ngezindlela ezimbili - ngokukhula kwezimbewu noma ukusika izinhlanzi. Indlela yokukhiqiza i-vegetative ibhekwa ukuthi iyashesha futhi inokwethenjelwa ngokwengeziwe; ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhle ukuthi iqinisekisa izinhlobo zokuqala zomama, okubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybride ezingenalo ifa lemikhuba yabazali. Njengama-cuttings, ungasebenzisa izingcezu zeziqu, uthathe ngesikhathi se-aptenia ekwenza izihlahla. Ukuwafaka emanzini okuqothulwa kwemifucuza, njengoba abaningi abalimi abanamalimi abangenalwazi benza, ngokuphambene nalokho, bayomisa ama-cuttings amahora angu-10-12 ngaphambi kokutshala, uwashiye endaweni evikelekile ilanga eliqondile (lo mthetho usebenza kuwo wonke ama-succulents). Kungcono ukuhluma ama-cuttings ku-substrate ehlanganisa ingxenye engu-1 yomhlaba wezinsalela kanye nezingxenye ezimbili zomhlabathi wesihlabathi noma i-vermiculite.

Inhlanganisela yenhlabathi elungiselelwe kumele ichithelelwe ezingxenyeni ezingajulile futhi ifakwe kahle, bese ubeka ngokucophelela ukusika izicuttings kule substrate bese uwashiya ukuba uthathe indawo. Akudingekile ukumboza izitshalo ngefilimu, okwanele ukuhambisa isikhathi somhlabathi ngamanzi avela ebhodleleni le-spray. Lapho ukusika kuqala ukuvumela amaqabunga amancane kanye namahlumela, angafakwa endaweni ehlala njalo.

Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukusika i-aptenia ekwindla, kulesi simo entwasahlobo isitshalo esincane singase siguqule kakade.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yama-mesembryantmum kuyinkambinkimbi enzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuhluma okuncane kakhulu kwembewu yalokhu okunomsoco akufanele kuhlanganiswe emhlabathini, futhi usakaze phezulu. I-substrate yalokhu isetshenziswe kangcono okufana nokukhishwa kwe-rooting, kodwa ungakwazi ukuvimbela isihlabathi esivamile noma i-vermiculite. Ngemva kokubeka imbewu emgodini we-substrate emanzi, kufanele ifakwe ifilimu noma ingilazi futhi ibekwe endaweni ekhanyisiwe ngokushisa kuka-21 ... + 25 ° С. Emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala (inqubo ingathatha inyanga noma ngaphezulu), ukuvikelwa kumele kususwe. Uma ubude bezitshalo ezincane zifinyelela ku-50 mm, kufanele zifakwe ngokucophelela enhlabathini evumelana kakhulu - i-substrate yama-succulents noma ingxube yezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-turf, umhlabathi nomhlabathi. Kulesi sigaba, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele linciphise libe ngu-16 ... + 18 ° С futhi izimo ezinjalo zizogcinwa kuze kube yilapho izithombo zigcina ziqina. Ukuphuza izithombo ezincane ngokuvamile kudingekile, kodwa kukhululeka kakhulu, ngoba izimpande ezibuthakathaka ziyancipha kakhulu.

Uyazi? Ngokumangazayo, irekhodi lokubekezela kwesomiso phakathi kwezitshalo akuzona izithako, kodwa i-algae. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-bubble fucus, lapho isemhlabeni, iyakwazi "ukwehlisa" izikhathi ezingu-10 uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo sayo esivamile, emva kwalokho, iphinda futhi kuleso sakhi samanzi, ithola cishe cishe ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lesi sitshalo sinokuqhathaniswa okwehlukile kweqhwa, ngokuqhwaqhazela -60 ° C.

Izinkinga ekukhuleni

Izifo nezinambuzane azivame ukuthinteka kahle, kodwa izinkinga ezithile ezihambisana namaphutha ezigadi zingaphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo.

Phakathi kwezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

1. Yehlisa amaqabunga. Ezimweni eziningi, lo mphumela uvela ngenxa yokuphulwa kombuso wokunisela - ukomiswa kwe-coma noma ukuqhuma kwamanzi ezimpandeni. Futhi, isizathu singase sibe ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu emoyeni ngesikhathi sokuphumula, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokuphela kwezimbali.
2. Umsuka wokubola nokutheleleka kwe-fungal. Isizathu esiningi kakhulu ukuphuza ngokweqile noma ukugcwalisa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi ngamanyolo we-nitrogen. Izifo eziningi ze-fungal zinzima kakhulu ukuphulukisa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungabonisi inkinga. Uma kubonakala, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphathwe nge-fungicide systemic, uma kungenayo impumelelo, ifakwe eminye ibhodlela ngenhlabathi entsha, ngemuva kokuhlola ngokucophelela uhlelo lwempande nokususa izinqubo ezithintekayo.
3. Ayikho izimbali. Izinkinga zokuhluma zingachazwa ngokukhanyisa okwanele, kanye nokuhluleka ukulandela ukubusa kokushintsha izigaba zokukhula okukhulayo nokuphumula.Uma ebusika imbali ifakwa endaweni epholile futhi ukuchelela kuncishisiwe, entwasahlobo, kungekudala emva "kokuvusa," i-aptenia izoqondisa amandla aqoqwe ngesikhathi sasebusika kuya kwezimbali ezikhuthele nezichichima.

I-Aptenia iyinhle ephumelelayo futhi ephumelelayo engaba umhlobiso wendawo. Ukunakekelwa kwembali kulula, awukwazi ukuwaphuza, futhi isitshalo asidingi ukuxuleka okwengeziwe. Okukuphela kobunzima ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthenga isitshalo esingavamile sase-Afrika kuzo zonke izitolo zezimbali, kodwa ngeke kube nzima ukuzikhulisa ngokwakho, uma ungathola isifanekiso esifanele kumuntu wabangani noma obajwayele.