Wonke umuntu angakhula utamatisi futhi athole isivuno esicebile esizeni sabo. Ukulima okwenziwa ezolimo kudinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, okubilisa hhayi kuphela ukunisela okufika ngesikhathi, ukugqoka phezulu, kodwa nokuncipha. Abalimi beNovice abawunaki lo msebenzi ngoba nje abaqondi ukuthi kungani uyadingeka nokuthi ungawenza kanjani.
Kuyini ukubhinciza
Ukugqoka izinyathelo emkhakheni wokutshala imifino kubizwa ngokuthi inqubo ye-agrotechnical, okuhloswe ngayo ukukhulisa isivuno samatamatisi noma ezinye izilimo. Inqubo le inegalelo ekukhuleni okuphezulu kwamabhushi ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo kahle. Umcimbi ubandakanya ukukhishwa kwe-superfluous, kepha kudla umsoco, amahlumela. Utamatisi ngesinye sezilimo zasensimini, esibonakala ngegatsha elisebenzayo lezihlahla.
Lapho izitshalo zikhula kusuka ezinhlamvwini zamaqabunga, izinqubo zamva kwalokho ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-stepons ziqala ukwakha. Babhekwa njengabangelutho ngoba bamsusa umsoco ezitsheni. Ukulandela inqubo yokuncipha, awukwazi nje kuphela ukwakha izitshalo ngendlela efanele, kodwa futhi nokwandisa umkhiqizo, ngoba ngamagatsha ezithelo kuphela ahlala esihlahleni. Uma ungabeki izihlahla ekutheneni, inqwaba eluhlaza eluhlaza ikhula ilimaze isivuno. Njengoba inqubo yokuqola ingaba nezikimu ezihlukile, le ndlela kufanele icatshangwe kabanzi.
Ukususa izingane zokutholwa kukhulisa isivuno sezilimo
Lapho utamatisi ungena
Njengoba izingane zokutholwa zokuqala zingabonakala ngisho nasezitshalweni, kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo emhlabathini. Izinqubo ezilandelanayo ngalesi sikhathi zimfushane futhi zizacile, futhi izitshalo ngeke zikukhuthazelele ukususwa kwazo. Inqubo yokunciphisa ithatha isikhathi impela, ikakhulukazi uma kukhuliswa inani elikhulu lamatamatisi. Ukusika amahlumela okungadingekile kunconywa ekuseni, ngoba ngaphambi kokudla kwasemini amagatsha aqhekeka kalula, bese isilonda siphola ngokushesha. Kungcono ukwenza lo msebenzi kusuka emahoreni ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwayi-11, ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukufuduza kancane kwenhlabathi.
Lapho ususa ama-stepons ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, kunconywa ukuthi unikise izihlahla kuqala, okuzoba nomthelela ekungcoleni okungcono kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane.
Utamatisi kumele uhlolwe njalo ngeviki bese amahlumela asuswe aze akhule kakhulu. Lapho ukha amagatsha amakhulu, lokhu kuzoba nengcindezi kulesi sitshalo, okuzoba nomthelela ongemuhle ezithelweni zezitshalo futhi kungaholela ekunciphiseni. Kumatamatisi akhule ku-greenhouse, ama-stepons asuswa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-6-8, enhlabathini engavikelekile - ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungavumeli ubude behlumela bube ngaphezu kwama-5 cm. Uma ufuna ukuthola izithelo ezinkulu nosayizi ovunekayo, inqubo kuzofanela yenziwe kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo. Amahlumela angadingeki akhula ngaphezu kwakho konke ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwama-inflorescence okuqala, okudinga ukuhlolisiswa kwezitshalo.
Ungayihlukanisa kanjani indodana yokutholwa kubhulashi wezithelo
Lapho ukhula, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi yini okufanele uyisuse. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungamane usike ibhulashi yezimbali, ngenxa yalokho isivuno sesihlahla sizoncipha. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha, hlola ngokucophelela indlela yokuphunyuka esetshenzisiwe. Umehluko omkhulu wendodana yokutholwa yile:
- noma ngenqubo encane ye-lateral kukhona amaqabunga, kuyilapho ngasesandleni iziqu zezimbali zibhekwa;
- ibhulashi lembali alikhulisi kusuka ekucasheni kweqabunga, kodwa liqala ukukhula kusuka kusiqu.
Uma kunobunzima ekunqumeni ihlumela le-lateral, limane lishiywe lilodwa usuku, ngemuva kwalokho umehluko phakathi kwendodana yokutholwa nebhulashi kuzobonakala kahle.
UStepson on utamatisi: 1 - isiqu esiyinhloko sesitshalo; 2 - ishidi; I-3 - indodana yokutholwa (ihlumela eliseceleni); 4 - ibhulashi lembali
Ungabhinciza kanjani utamatisi
Lapho usunqume isidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza, udinga ukulungiselela ithuluzi, elingasetshenziswa njengesihlaka noma isikhafu. Izinqubo zingahlukaniswa ngeminwe yakho, kepha kulokhu uzodinga amagilavu enjoloba. Uma kusetshenziswa ithuluzi, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kululwe, okuzovikela ukulimala okukhulu kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuluzi kufanele lihlaselwe magciwane ngemuva kwesihlahla ngasinye, ngoba amagciwane angangena kalula esilondeni esivulekile. Njengesixazululo segciwane, kusetshenziswa i-potassium permanganate (1-2%).
Inqubo yokuthatha indodana yenziwa kanjena:
- Isithasiselo sigcotshwe ngobumnene phakathi kwenkomba nesithupha.
Ukususa indodana yokutholwa, igoqene phakathi kwesithupha nokhokho abaphambili
- Songa ngobumnene ihlumela ezinhlangothini kuze kube yilapho kuqhekeka. Uma kusetshenziswa amathuluzi, ihlumela lihlukaniswa nesihlahla ngumnyakazo osheshayo nobukhali. Ukusikwa kufanele kube bushelelezi futhi kunembe. Uma imiphetho idwenguliwe, ukuphulukiswa kwenxeba kuzoba isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi yokuthola ukutheleleka iyokhula.
- Esihlahleni esisodwa ngasikhathi asisuswa ama-stepons amathathu, ngaphandle kwalokho isiko lizobuna bese liba buthaka. Ngezinombolo eziningi zenqubo, umcimbi wenziwa phakathi nesonto, ngenkathi uqala ngezinqubo ezinkulu, kancane kancane ususa nezincane.
I-Stepsons kufanele isuswe kancane kancane, iqale ngezinkulu futhi iphele ngezincane
- Amagatsha aphuliwe afakwa ebhakedeni futhi asuswe endaweni leyo kude, ngoba ama-stepons aseduze kwezihlahla angadala ukubola, okuholela ekubonakala kwezifo.
Le nqubo ihlukaniswe esihlahleni sikamama ukuze kube nesigaxa esincanyana esingu-0.5 cm, okufaka ngaphandle ukubukeka kwendodana entsha endaweni efanayo.
Ividiyo: ukwakhiwa kwe-pinching kanye notamatisi
Izinyathelo-ngezinyathelo
Ungasusa amahlumela ngokweqile kumatamatisi ngezindlela eziningana. Ukukhetha kwabo kuya ngenani lamagatsha ahlelelwe ukushiywa esihlahleni. Inqubo ingenziwa ngokuya ngesikimu esilandelayo:
- Esiqwini esisodwa. Le ndlela ifaka ukususwa kwazo zonke izinqubo, kuyilapho kusasele isiqu esisodwa sokwenza izithelo. Kulokhu, isihlahla sikhula ngokushesha, futhi izithelo zikhula zikhulu. Okubi kufaka phakathi isidingo sokusebenzisa ukusekelwa lapho isitshalo siboshelwe khona. Uma ungawunaki ukubopha, ihlumela eliyinhloko lizomane liphule ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo.
- Ngeziqu ezimbili. Ngalesi sakhiwo, ngaphezu kwesiqu esikhulu, enye inqubo isele. Onke amanye amagatsha angaphansi kokususwa. Njengoba ihlumela eliseceleni, khetha eliqine kakhulu futhi elitholakala ngaphansi kwebhulashi yezithelo zokuqala.
- Kuseziqu ezi-3. Kushiywe ihlumela eliphakathi nendodana yokutholwa esihlahleni. Ngale ndlela, ihlumela likhethwa eduze kwe-inflorescence ephansi bese kutholakala elinye igatsha elinamandla eduze, futhi bonke abanye bayanqunywa.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala utamatisi
Ukwenziwa kwamatamatisi ngokuya ngohlobo
Ukuze kuphelele ukudalulwa kwesihloko sokuncanywa kwezinkambiso zesiko okukhulunywa ngalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi utamatisi uhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningi, ngalinye linesikimu salo sokususwa kwezinqubo:
- izinhlobo ezinqumayo;
- hlanganisa izinhlobo;
- izinhlobo ezinqumayo.
Faka utamatisi
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa utamatisi ngokukhula okungenamkhawulo. Imvamisa akhiwa ngesiqu esisodwa. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi izitshalo ezinjalo zakha inani elikhulu lezinqubo ezilandelanayo. Lapho ulungisa indodana yokutholwa, kuyadingeka ukushiya isiphunzi, futhi ukuze uzuze isivuno esihle, basika wonke amaqabunga ezimbali bese beshiya kuphela labo abathuthukile kakhulu (azikho izingcezu ezingaphezu kwe-10).
Lapho ususa indodana yokutholwa, udinga ukushiya isiphunzi, esizokhipha ukwakheka komcibisholo omusha endaweni efanayo
Utamatisi othola ukucacisa
Utamatisi walolu hlobo mude futhi afinyelela ekuphakameni okuyi-1.9 m. Ukwakheka kwezitshalo kungenziwa ngeziqu ezi-2 noma ezi-3, kuya ngesikimu sokutshala izihlahla. Akufanele ukushesha ukugawula izinhlobo ezinjalo, njengoba isitshalo singase siyeke ukukhula. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho kunokuqiniseka ukuthi isiqu siyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka lapho umsebenzi ungenziwa khona.
Utamatisi oqondile
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphansi. Ngokuyisisekelo, azidingi ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, akufanele ungayinaki ngokuphelele inqubo. Kungcono ukulandela izincomo ezinikezwa abakhiqizi bembewu lapho kukhula izilimo. Ukuthola isivuno esikhulu samatamatisi achazayo, kunconywa ukulandela le mithetho yokunakekelwa elandelayo:
- ama-stepons ayasuswa, kepha kancane kancane futhi akukho ngaphezulu kwezicucu ezi-5 ngokuhamba okukodwa;
- ama-inflorescence nawo angaphansi kokuqhuma, ashiye izingcezu ezimbalwa kuphela (kungabi ngaphezu kuka-3).
Lapho kukhula izinhlobo ezinqumayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwawo ngobubanzi, hhayi ukuphakama.
Lapho uthamela izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezingaphansi, udinga ukulwela ukukhula kwazo ngobubanzi, hhayi ukuphakama
Izici zokwakhiwa kwamatamatisi ku-greenhouse
Emhlabathini ovaliwe, kwakhiwa utamatisi kucatshangelwa ezinye izici. Okokuqala, yizimo ezakhelwe izilimo ezikhulayo, kanye namathuba wokwakha abamba ukushisa:
- Ukuze indawo yezomnotho abamba ukushisa isetshenziswe kahle, futhi isivuno siphathwe kahle, zivame ukuhlakulela utamatisi ongaphakathi, ukwakheka kwawo kwenziwa kusiqu esisodwa. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zinamathele kwi-trellis kuphela lapho ihlathi lifinyelela ukuphakama okuthile, emva kwalokho licindezela iphuzu lokukhula (indawo lapho isiqu sikhula khona), futhi ungakhohlwa ukususa izinqubo ezilandelwayo ngendlela efike ngesikhathi.
- Indeterminants zivame ukuvuthwa ngeziqu ezi-2. Ngokuyisisekelo, indlela enjalo ibuyiselwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo eziphansi. Kulokhu, amabhulashi ama-3-6 ashiywe esiqwini ngasinye.
- Izinhlobo ezinqumayo zakhiwa ngeziqu ezi-2 noma ezi-3. Izinyathelo zishiywa ngaphansi komabhulashi wokuqala nowesibili kuphela, ezinye ziphume ngaphandle. Lapho ama-brushes ama-3-4 fruiting akhiwa ekuhlolweni okungeziwe, kuyinqwebe bese uyihambisa inqubo eqinile ye-oda yesibili. Lo mzuzu nguwo ngqo ohlukanisa ukwakheka kwesihlahla enhlabathini engavikelekile.
- Lapho uhlakulela utamatisi ezimweni zokushisa abamba ukushisa, kungenzeka ukwandisa isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ushiye amabhulashi ezimbali amaningi ezitshalweni kunasemhlabathini ongavikelekile bese uthola isivuno esikhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi isiko lizodinga ukunakekelwa okuphelele kanye nokudla okwengeziwe.
- Uma kuqhathaniswa nomhlaba ovulekile, ku-greenhouse izinqubo ezilandelwayo zingakheka kaningi, ngenxa yezimo ezinhle. Lokhu kusikisela isidingo sokususwa okufika ngesikhathi kwama-stepons.
- Ukuze ukwazi ukuvuna isivuno sokuqala samatamatisi endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kunconywa ukuthi sikhule i-superdeterminant kanye nezinhlobo zokuqala zencazelo. Kulokhu, akukho ngaphezu kwesi-3-4 amabhulashi ezithelo asele kusitshalo esisodwa ukusheshisa ukwakheka nokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Cindezela eziqongweni, ukwakheka kwesihlahla kwenziwa ngesiqu esingu-1, izinqubo ezilandelwayo zisuswa ngokushesha.
Ividiyo: ukutshala utamatisi endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Inqubo yokulima utamatisi inama-nuances ayo. Ukuze umsebenzi uvunyelwe yisilimo esikhulu, kufanele kwenziwe umzali wokutholwa. Inqubo, noma inzima, kepha njengoba sesijwayele ukulandelana kwezenzo, isikhathi nezimpawu zokusebenzisa kwayo, kuzokwenzeka impela ukuthi wonke umtshali wemifino awuqede.
