Ku-assortment of cherries etshalwe eRussia, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezenzelwe esifundeni esaziwa laziwa, kufaka phakathi zamadlelo. Izici zabo zibheka izidingo eziyisisekelo ezinconyelwe ukukhula ama-cherries ezimweni ezinzima zalesi sifunda. I-Cherry yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ibonakala ngesilinganiso esandayo seqhwa nobusika obunzima, ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi kwezithelo, ukufakwa izithelo ngokushesha, ukuvuthwa kokuqala nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ukubona lezi zimfanelo ezinhle zamakhekhe, kufanele usitshale kahle engadini noma ekhishini lasehlobo.
Izinhlobo zama cherries zokutshala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba
Izihlahla zeCherry ezihloselwe ukutshala nokukhula esifundeni saseMoscow kufanele zinezici ezilandelayo:
- ukuqala kokuqala kokuqina nokuqina kwawo;
- isivuno esihle;
- ukuzwakala okukhulu kwezithelo;
- ukubekezelela isomiso;
- hardness yasebusika;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa (kufika ku-35ºC)
- ukuzala;
- ukumelana okwandayo kwezifo zokukhunta, ikakhulukazi i-moniliosis ne coc cocycosis.
Ngokunikezwa ubusika obungazinzile besifunda Esiphakathi ngokuguquguquka okubukhali kokushisa komoya (amathanga asebusika kanye namaqhwa asentwasahlobo asebusika), ama-cherries asekuqaleni kanye naphakathi kokuvuthwa okumelana okuhle nezimo zezulu eziphikisayo afaneleka kakhulu ekukhuleni esifundeni saseMoscow. Lezi zimfanelo zitholakala kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo iVladimirskaya, Molodezhnaya, Lyubskaya, Turgenevka, Shokoladnitsa, Griot Moscow, Apukhtinskaya nabanye abaningana.
Ithebula: izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhekhe esifundeni saseMoscow
| Igama izinhlobo cherries | Isimo sesihlahla ukuphakama kwakhe | Ukunambitheka kwezithelo | Indlela enkulu ukusetshenziswa | Izinzuzo eziphambili izinhlobo | Okubi kakhulu izinhlobo |
| I-Lyubskaya | Isihlahla kanye bushy; 2,5 m | Imnandi futhi imuncu eduze no-omuncu | Kwenziwe kabusha ifomu | Isivuno esiphakeme; ukuzala; ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi (izithelo iminyaka engama-2-3); ukumelana okuhle neqhwa | Ukuqina kwesithwathwa nobusika besiqu; ukuthambekela kwe-moniliosis kanye ne-coccomycosis; isikhathi sokukhiqiza esifushane (iminyaka eyi-15) |
| Vladimirskaya | I-Treelike ne-bushy; 2,5-5 m | Uswidi omnandi, ovumelanayo | Kusha futhi kusetshenzwe ifomu | Isivuno esiphakeme; ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi (izithelo iminyaka engama-2-3); ukulukhuni okuhle ebusika | Ukuzenzisa; ukumelana okumaphakathi kwesithwathwa izinso ukwenqena ku-moniliosis kanye ne-coccomycosis |
| Ubusha | I-Treelike ne-bushy; 2-2.5 m | Okumnandi nokumuncu, isobho | Kusha futhi kusetshenzwe ifomu | Isivuno esiphakeme; ukuzala; ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi (izithelo iminyaka emithathu); ukumelana okuhle kweqhwa | Isilinganiso sokuqina kwezinso ebusika; ukumelana okuphakathi i-moniliosis ne-coccomycosis |
| I-Turgenevka | -Ngomuthi; 3 m | I-Sour emnandi, emnandi | Kusha futhi kusetshenzwe ifomu | Isivuno esiphakeme; ezinkulu-izithelo; ukumelana okuhle kwesithwathwa; ukumelana izifo fungal | Ukuzimela okuyingxenye; ukuqina okuphakathi kobusika kwezinso; ukumelana okuphakathi i-moniliosis ne-coccomycosis |
| IGriot Moscow | -Ngomuthi; 2,5 m | Isobho Elimnandi | Kusha futhi kusetshenzwe ifomu | Isivuno esiphakeme; kuhle ukumelana nesithwathwa | Ukuzenzisa; ukuqina okuphakathi kobusika; ukwenqena ku-moniliosis kanye ne-coccomycosis |
| I-Apukhtinskaya | Bushy; 2,5-3 m | Imnandi futhi imuncu, i-tart | Ngefomu elisebenzisiwe | Isivuno esiphakeme; ukuzala; ukungathobeki kokuhamba; ukuqina okuphakathi kobusika; ukuzinza okuphezulu ezifweni | Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kanye nokuvuthwa kwezithelo; ukuthambekela kwe-coccomycosis |
| Intombazane Chocolate | -Ngomuthi; 2-2.5 m | Isobho Elimnandi | Kusha futhi kusetshenzwe ifomu | Isivuno esiphakeme; ezinkulu-izithelo; ubusika obuhle nokumelana nesithwathwa | Ukususwa kwe-coccomycosis ne-moniliosis |
Esifundeni Esiphakathi (iMoscow, iVladimir, iRyazan, iTula, iKaluga, isifunda saseBryansk nabanye) kuneqembu elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo ezinobunzima bokuqina bokubanda, ukukhiqiza, ukuzala nezinye izimpawu, kepha, ngeshwa, phakathi kwazo azikho ezingamelana ne-coccomycosis futhi moniliosis.
A.M. UMikheev, ukhetho lwezolimo Isayensi, eMoscow
Izingadi zaseRussia Magazine, Isikhalazo 3, Mashi 2011
Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo zama-cherries nezimfanelo zawo eziyisisekelo
- ILyubskaya Cherry inikeza isivuno esivele sikhona ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala
- Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu - kuze kufike ku-12 kg wezithelo esihlahleni esisodwa
- IVladimirskaya ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zezintandokazi zama-cherries, okumnandi kakhulu futhi kusenesikhathi
- Izici eziphambili zeTurgenevka ziyizithelo ezinkulu futhi zimelana nezifo zokukhunta
- Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Apukhtinskaya: ukuzithoba ekunakekelweni kuhlangene nokukhiqiza okuhle
- Isivuno esiphakeme nokunambitheka okumangalisayo kwezithelo kwenza lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuthandwe kakhulu.
- Intombazane ye-chocolate ibizwa ngokuthi yindlovukazi yama-cherry ngokunambitheka okungafani nezithelo ezinamakha nokubukeka okuhle
Ividiyo: ukubukezwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhherubi esifundeni saseMoscow nasenkabeni yeRussia
Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala ama-cherries
Kungcono ukutshala ama-cherries esifundeni saseMoscow maphakathi no-Ephreli ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, noma phakathi no-Okthoba, inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwezulu elibandayo. Lapho usongo lokufika kwentwasahlobo lwedlula, izithombo sezikulungele ukutshala. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombo zezithelo ezingama-cherry kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni kwenhlabathi nasemoyeni ozungezile: izinga lokushisa kanye nama-degree ayishumi lokushisa komngcele, lapho izinqubo zezitshalo ziqala futhi ziphele. Lesi sitshalo singena esimweni esishisayo lapho izinga lokushisa lehlika ngaphansi kwamadigri ayishumi. Ngakho-ke, izithombo zitshalwa kangcono lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ngaphezulu kuka-15ºC.
Ingxenye yesibili ka-Ephreli yisikhathi esihle sokutshala nokudlulisa izitshalo zezithelo engadini. Futhi-ke, maye, kufushane: kusuka ekunciphiseni inhlabathi kuya ekuhluma. Zama ukungaphuthelwa kulezi zinsuku zegolide, ngoba ama-novosady entwasahlobo ahlala ezimpandeni ezingcono futhi athambekele ekucindezelekeni. Ukushisa komoya kanye nokushisa kwenhlabathi ngalesi sikhathi kunomthelela ekusindeni kwezitshalo
I-V.S. UZakotin, usosayensi, isazi sezolimo namahlathi, isifunda saseMoscow
Izingadi zaseRussia Magazine, Ephreli 4, 2011
Ukutshala ama-cherries engadini yasentwasahlobo
Ukukhethwa kwesiza esifanele kakhulu amakherubi akhulayo kunquma ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla esikhathini esizayo kanye nokuthola isivuno esihle. Indawo yokutshala izihlahla kufanele ibe isicaba, ivuleke, ibe nokukhanya kwelanga okuhle usuku lonke. Ukuba khona komthunzi kuthinta kabi ikhwalithi yezithelo, ukuqina kwezithelo nezinkomba zezivuno. Kungcono ukutshala izithombo ze-cherry ezindaweni ezinezimo eziseningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ukuba khona kocingo oluphakeme kanye nezakhiwo eziseduzane nendawo yokubekwa komhlaba kudala uhlobo lwesithiyo ukuvikela izihlahla ezincane emimoyeni ebandayo. Izindawo ezingafunekiyo ukulinywa ama-Cherry ziyindawo ephansi, ikakhulukazi ngamanzi amile nomoya omanzi, obandayo. Izimo ezinje ezikhulayo ziyingozi kuma-cherries. Amanzi aphansi asezingeni eliphakeme nawo ayahlukaniswa - izinga lokuvela kwawo akufanele lidlule i-1,2-1,5 m.
Esimweni lapho izithombo zihlela ukutshala entwasahlobo, kunconywa ukulungiselela imigodi yokutshala ekwindla. Umgodi obembiwe ngosayizi ugcwaliswa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ekhishwe kanye nomanyolo wezimbiwa-eziphilayo bese kuthi kwesokunxele kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo weNitrogen ekwindla kufanele kugwenywe. Ngokutshala kwekwindla, umgodi ulungiswa kusengaphambili kwenyanga.
Inhlabathi enhle kakhulu yamakherubi akhulayo ama-chernozems, ama-loams kanye nama-sandstones, anesakhiwo esixegayo sokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okuhle nomoya. Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, udrako, osindayo, wokuwukhulula ngaphambi kokutshala, engeza isihlabathi, umquba, ubhontshisi, utshani obolile. I-acidity yenhlabathi ibaluleke kakhulu lapho kukhula ama-cherries. Isikhombi sakhe kufanele sibe kububanzi (pH) be-6.5-8.5. Uma ngabe le nkomba ingaphezulu, khona-ke ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi isuswa ngokufaka i-ash ash noma i-dolomite kafulawa (izinkuni u-700-800 g / m², ufulawa we-dolomite - 350-400 g / m²).
Izithombo ezilungiselelwe ukutshala kufanele zibe nempilo, zibe namagatsha okuqina nokunwebeka nohlelo lwezimpande olukhulisiwe. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla se-Optimum - 60-70 cm
Uma kungenazithombo zakho ezitshaliwe zokutshala, kungakuhle uzithenge enkulisa noma emapulazini akhula izithelo. Ngokutshala, umuntu kufanele akhethe izithombo zonyaka ezinamahlumela ambalwa, uhlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle nezinkuni ezivuthwe ngokuphelele. Ukuze ugweme ukuthengwa komdlalo wasendle noma izinto zokutshala ezingezinhle, kubalulekile ukuthenga kuphela izimpande zezitshalo nezithombo ezihlanganisiwe.
Lapho utshala, izimpande zesithombo zitholakala ngokukhululekile emgodini wokutshala ngenhla kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Indawo yokugoma (intamo yomsuka) kufanele ibe ngaphezulu noma ezingeni lomhlaba. Ukwembesa intamo yezimpande akwamukeleki
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo phawula indawo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla zabantu abadala kufanele libe okungenani yi-2,5 m, naphakathi kwemigqa yezihlahla okungenani ama-3.5 m. Uma usuphawulile indawo, qhubeka nokulungiselela imigodi yokutshala. Uma inhlabathi ivundile, usayizi womgodi ungasukela ku-60x60 cm uye kuma-80x80 cm, kuya ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande. Ukujula komgodi kuyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-40 kuye kwangama-60 cm. Kunconywe ukwandisa usayizi womgodi wokutshala ngama-50% uma inhlabathi ingavundile noma isindayo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande ezilimele zisuswa kusuka kwisithombo. Ngemuva kokubeka isithombo enhlanganisweni yenhlabathi elungiselelwe eduze kwessekelo, gcwalisa ngokucophelela umgodi ngenhlabathi esele kusukela ekulahleni bese ubopha isithombo ekusekelweni. Ngemuva kokunisela nokusebenza kahle, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ifakwe nge-peat noma ngomquba
Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala ama-cherries. Umgomo wokufika uyefana kuwo wonke umuntu, kepha kukhona ama-nuances.
Inombolo yendlela 1. Imithetho yokufaka:
- Njengoba unikezwe ubude nobukhulu bezimpande zezithombo, lungiselela umgodi wosayizi ofanele. Ingqimba yenhlabathi ephezulu, evundile kakhulu (ukuphakama cishe okungama-20-30 cm), lapho ugaya, shiya onqenqemeni lomgodi.
- Hlanganisa ngokulinganayo umanyolo we-organic namaminerali ekwakhiweni: Amabhakede ama-2 womquba obunjiwe noma womquba, 1 kg yomlotha wezinkuni, 100 g we-superphosphate elula (noma i-60 g yokuphindwe kabili), i-80 g ye-potassium sulfate (noma 40 g we-potassium chloride) ngomthombo ngamunye.
- Khulula phansi komgodi ube ngu-8-10 cm bese uthambisa inhlabathi ngebhakede eli-1 lamanzi okushisa egumbi.
- Ngemuva kwekutsi emanti amunwe, beka umugca we-mineral-organic subtingate kanye nemhlabatsi kusuka emgodzi lochitjelwe elucebeni lwe-ridge nge-layter umgodi. Gcwalisa umgodi kungabi ngaphezu kuka 2/3. Ngemuva kwalokho, hlanganisa ngokuphelele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi futhi uhlangane kancane.
- Shayela ukusekelwa kwesikhathi esizayo kwesithombo ngokuqinile enkabeni yomgodi - isigxobo esinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-5-7, ubude obuyi-130-150 cm. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo, hhayi okuphambene nalokho. Njengesigxobo, ungasebenzisa isibambo esijwayelekile sefosholo. Cishe ukuxhaswa, uthele indunduma encane yokutshala inhlanganisela yenhlabathi.
- Izithombo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala zidinga ukunciphisa zonke izimpande eziphukile, ezibolile nezinobumba.
- Ngaphesheya komgodi ukubeka isitimela. Sika isithombo ngokuchasene nokusekelwa ukuze isiza sokuxhunyelelwa, esihlukaniswe ngaphandle yisiqu esincane sesitho esiyi-5-8 cm ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba.
- Sakaza ngobumnene bese usabalalisa izimpande zesithombo ezansi kwesiqhubu phansi.
- Kancane kancane gcwalisa izimpande ngomhlabathi osele kusuka endaweni yokulahla, uyihlanganise ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Lapho izimpande zimbozwe inhlabathi cishe ngo-15 cm, kuyadingeka ukunisela lesi sihlahla kakhulu bese ugcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba kuze kufike phezulu.
- Mulch inhlabathi ezungeze yisithombo nge-compost noma nge-humus ngesendlalelo esingaba ngu-10 cm.
- Nge-braid ethambile, ubopha ngokucophelela isihlahla esitshalisiwe ukusekelwa "eziyisishiyagalombili".
Ividiyo: ungayitshala kanjani i-cherry
Inombolo yendlela 2
- Izimpande ze-Sapling zigcinwa emanzini ngezihlanganisi zokwenziwa kwezimpande (Kornevin, Zircon) izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Ungenza isixazululo esipinki se-potassium permanganate noma i-potassium humate ukuqothula ama-bacterium we-pathogenic noma ukhunta. Lokhu kwelashwa ngaphambi kokutshala izimpande kwenziwa uma isithombo sinesistimu yezimpande ebuthaka noma eyonakele.
- Lungiselela umgodi ojwayelekile wokufika. Shiya inhlabathi eyekiwe emaphethelweni womgodi.
- Thela amalitha ayi-10 emgodini bese uvumela ukuthi ungenwe ngokuphelele. Amanzi akufanele abande, izinga lokushisa lasekamelweni noma ukufudumala kancane.
- Phansi komgodi, uthele inhlabathi kusuka endaweni yokulahla ngesimo sendunduma encane.
- Lungisa ingxube yomquba omusha ngodaka oluyimpuphu bese ucwilisa izimpande zesithombo esilungiselelwe kule ngxube. Ubuningi bengxube bufana ne-ukhilimu omuncu omuncu.
- Kancane kancane ukusuka phezulu kwefolodi yokuthena ngokuthembekile kuxhaso. Ubude bokusekelwa kufanele bube yi-35-40 cm ubude kune ubude besithombo.
- Beka izithombo eduze kwesisekelo bese usakaza izimpande ngobunono, uzikhombe phansi.
- Kancane kancane gcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba kusuka ekulahleni, ukuhlanganisela ukuvimba ukwakheka "kwamaphakethi womoya". Kulokhu, indawo yokugoma kufanele ihlale ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi yomhlabathi ukuphakama okungama-6-8 cm.
- Ngemuva kokugcwalisa ngokuphelele umgodi, ekugcineni kufanele uhlangane nenhlabathi. Bopha isixhaxha kwesisekelo.
- Eduze kwesiqu somuthi, uthele i-roller yobumba enobubanzi obuyi-1 m kanye nokuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-15. Gcwalisa umbuthano oseduze kwesiqu ngamabhakede amabili wamanzi (20 l).
- Ngemuva kwesigamu sehora, lapho amanzi esejululwe ngokuphelele, gcobhoza indawo ezungeze isiqu ngenhlanganisela ye-sawdust ebunjiwe kanye nomquba.
Ividiyo: kanye into eyodwa mayelana ne-cherry
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Umbuzo: "Ake ungitshele, ngiyiphi i-cherry engcono ukusithengela iSifunda SaseMoscow? Ukuyenza ibe yinambitheka, inoshukela, imnandi futhi imuncu, ayesabi isithwathwa futhi imelana nezifo."
Ngokunambitheka kwami, okuhamba phambili yiVladimirovka. Ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ngaphandle kwezokugcina. Kepha ngokulunga, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi endaweni yangakithi eminyakeni yamuva wonke ama-cherries, amnandi futhi anganambitheki, ayegula. Kumele ngiphathe okuthile, kepha angizange, impilo yami ibiza kakhulu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi le nyonga ibisengadini iminyaka eminingi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isivuno sihle impela, futhi ngonyaka ophelile bekungekho lutho, yize siqhakaze kahle, futhi bekungekho qhwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
ILydia, eMoscow (indlu encane eseMikhnevo-Shugarovo)
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Nginolwazi futhi ngokuzikhethela kuphela iNtsha etshaliwe. Konke okunye okufikile kwenziwa ngabanikazi bangaphambilini, okubonakala sengathi banamaqembu amaningi. KuBasha nakwabanini bomhlaba, isivuno siyefana - uma kukhona, khona-ke, uma kungenjalo, ngakho-ke. Wonke umuntu wahlushwa i-moniliosis.
IMarincha, eMoscow (indlu encane eseBalabanovo, esifundeni saseKaluga)
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UHelga uthe (a): "Thola i-Vladimirskaya cherry, inhlobonhlobo evame kakhulu, i-pollinates cherries. Ama-Cherry awakaze abe yi-pollinator yam Cherry."
Ngimxhasa ngokugcwele uHelga. Ngizongeza ukuthi i-Vladimirskaya ine-Clone ethanda kakhudlwana - i-Vladimirskaya ethelayo. Futhi zama iGriot Moscow, Zhukovskaya, Shokoladnitsa. Zonke zinamajikijolo amnandi kakhulu futhi avelana impova.
heladas, isifunda saseMoscow
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Ukukhulisa isiko le-cherry noma ezifundeni ezingafani ezimweni ezifanele zalokhu, kulula ukuthola ukuvuna okuhle kwezithelo ezimnandi futhi ujabulele ukuthuthukiswa kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukukhetha okulungile kokunakekelwa kwezihlahla okuhlukahlukene nokunekhono kunquma leli thuba.
